Facts, Legends and Myths on the Evolution of Resuscitation

This study aimed to overview in chronological order a number of "facts" and "myths" that have been reported in the literature on the history of resuscitation. In particular, this review presents remarkable resuscitation attempts, innovative techniques and landmarked events that enhanced resuscitation in terms of science, history and intervention from ancient times until today. The resuscitation methods were designed for victims needing help in various locations of three-dimensional space, with emphasis on those occurring on, or brought to, land. These methods required single or double rescues to be carried out. Some of them were either empirically or scientifically designed. In some techniques, the stimuli used to revive the victim were rather painful and dangerous or at least disturbing. In some techniques, respiration was attempted with various more or less sophisticated devices. Finally, a small number of cases have been mistakenly reported by previous scholars as resuscitation attempts

Proceedings of the Lifesaving Foundation’s 2010 Research Conference & Ireland Medal Ceremony

The Lifesaving Foundation Ltd (2010) These Proceedings are freely available in the public domain for distribution to anyone involved and interested in decreasing drowning deaths around the world. Please share this piece of information with your partners and associates giving credit to the authors

Application for the 4W Model of Drowning for Prevention, Rescue and Treatment, Research and Education

Previous research has been published about the 4W model of drowning and its four constituent variables (Avramidis, Butterly & Llewellyn, 2007; 2009a; 2009b; 2009c; 2009d; Avramidis, McKenna, Long, Butterly, & Llewellyn, 2010). We presently summarize and suggest applications of the model for the general public, aquatic safety professionals, injury epidemiologists and policy makers

Artwork Depictions of Drownings and Rescues

Through the centuries, artists have been inspired by the phenomenon of drowning. Ordinary people, saints and historical figures have been threatened or have died by drowning. Although past research and previous scholarly work has documented very well what has been done in the past in terms of prevention and rescue of drowning, no previous effort has been dedicated to how artists perceived drowning and rescue in the past in terms of art. This article aims to show paintings depicting drowning episodes and rescue interventions from around the world in various periods of time

A validation roadmap of multi-physics simulators of the resonator of mw-class cw gyrotrons for fusion applications

For a few years the multi-physics modelling of the resonance cavity (resonator) of MW-class continuous-wave gyrotrons, to be employed for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in magnetic confinement fusion machines, has gained increasing interest. The rising target power of the gyrotrons, which drives progressively higher Ohmic losses to be removed from the resonator, together with the need for limiting the resonator deformation as much as possible, has put more emphasis on the thermal-hydraulic and thermo-mechanic modeling of the cavity. To cope with that, a multi-physics simulator has been developed in recent years in a shared effort between several European institutions (the Karlsruher Institut für Technologie and Politecnico di Torino, supported by Fusion for Energy). In this paper the current status of the tool calibration and validation is addressed, aiming at highlighting where any direct or indirect comparisons with experimental data are missing and suggesting a possible roadmap to fill that gap, taking advantage of forthcoming tests in Europe

A validation roadmap of multi-physics simulators of the resonator of mw-class cw gyrotrons for fusion applications

For a few years the multi-physics modelling of the resonance cavity (resonator) of MW-class continuous-wave gyrotrons, to be employed for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in magnetic confinement fusion machines, has gained increasing interest. The rising target power of the gyrotrons, which drives progressively higher Ohmic losses to be removed from the resonator, together with the need for limiting the resonator deformation as much as possible, has put more emphasis on the thermal-hydraulic and thermo-mechanic modeling of the cavity. To cope with that, a multi-physics simulator has been developed in recent years in a shared effort between several European institutions (the Karlsruher Institut für Technologie and Politecnico di Torino, supported by Fusion for Energy). In this paper the current status of the tool calibration and validation is addressed, aiming at highlighting where any direct or indirect comparisons with experimental data are missing and suggesting a possible roadmap to fill that gap, taking advantage of forthcoming tests in Europe

New methodology to optimize sorting in wood drying

One important problem in lumber drying is to maintain the lumber moisture content distribution within certain minimum and maximum values. Over-drying and under-drying are common causes for lower grade recovery and dimensional stability problems. It is known that both over-drying and underdrying can be reduced by sorting green lumber into different moisture content groups and sorting also offers the opportunity to redesign drying schedules. In this study, a new methodology was designed and tested to optimize kiln drying of lumber by implementing green sorting coupled with modified drying schedules. The methodology was applied to optimize the drying of 114 by 114mm2 hem-fir lumber sorted with an NMI capacitance type meter at a local sawmill. It was found that in comparison to unsorted lumber, sorting into three groups can reduce the drying time by 7% approximately and recover around 3/4 of the under-dried lumber. The experimental data on lumber degrade and moisture gradients measured after drying were also reported in this paper

Simple Feedback System for Passive Mode Locked Gyro-Devices at 263 GHz

A promising new source to generate a periodic series of coherent, ultra-short pulses in the millimeter and submillimeter frequency range is based on the method of passive mode locking [1]. The basic principle is well known from laser physics [2]. A realization for millimeter and sub-millimeter waves consists of an amplifier and a saturable absorber coupled in a feedback loop. In this paper, a coupling system for two single-window vacuum electron tubes in a mode-locked microwave oscillator is presented. Based on full-wave simulations, the key components of the proposed feedback system at 263 GHz (typical DNP-NMR frequency) are designed