Socio-Economic Importance of Raising Teachers' Remuneration

The subject matter of this article is the socio-economic outcome of teacher’s remuneration reform, which made a positive impact on the quality of school education. However, the economic difficulties currently experienced by Russia could jeopardize the achieved progress. This paper is based on the results of “The Effectiveness of the School Education” monitoring study conducted by the Center for Continuing Education Economics of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) in 2015 in Sverdlovsk, Voronezh, and Ivanovo regions. The study included a survey of 2,800 school teachers, 2,800 households with at least one school student, and 200 principals of educational institutions, which was conducted in the form of questionnaire interview. The survey was conducted on a representative sample including both urban and rural populations. The study showed that, in 2013/2014 school year, the average salary of teachers reached the average salary in the region, which complied with the requirements of the May 2012 Presidential Decree. This ratio was maintained in the following year. Moreover, the salary of teachers fully reflected the differentiation of socio-economic development indicators in the reviewed Russian regions. The main positive effects resulting of raising teachers’ remuneration include rejuvenation of the teaching corps, improvement of teachers’ qualifications and their entry into the Russian middle class. The article also examines the impact of negative developments in the economy on the prospects for reproduction of socio-economic results achieved by raising teachers’ remuneration. Among such effects, the authors consider the decline in income of school students’ parents, which may lead to lower demand for paid educational services that are a source of extra-budgetary funding for school education. In this light, the authors review the projective educational strategies of school students’ parents. Based on the analysis of economic activities of school institutions and educational strategies of school students’ parents in the unfavorable economic environment, the article shows that any decrease in school funding from regional budgets (as a result of their de cit) will lead to the undermining of achieved results

Некоторые результаты введения новой системы оплаты труда учителей

In this article on the basis of material from surveys the author comments on the results of introduction of a new wage system for teachers that, primarily, concern changes in teaching load, enabling additional incentives, willingness to learn new teaching methods. Teachers’ reaction to the introduction of the new wage system is also discussed. Information base for this study was the observation RANEPA conducted in 2013, in the course of which 1000 teachers in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region were surveyed.В статье по материалам обследований прокомментированы результаты введения новой системы оплаты труда учителей, касающиеся в первую очередь изменений педагогической нагрузки, распределения стимулирующих надбавок, готовности осваивать новые методы преподавания. Обсуждается также отношение учителей к введению НСОТ. Информационной базой исследования послужило обследование РАНХиГС, проведенное в 2013 г., в ходе которого было опрошено 1000 учителей г. Москвы и Московской области

The role of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression by prostate adenocarcinoma tissue in determining disease prognosis and effectiveness of radical treatment

Introduction. Today, due to the insufficient diagnostic accuracy of existing tools for determining clinically significant forms of prostate cancer, the search for new indicators that predict the course of the disease and the effectiveness of radical treatment is relevant. Various malignant tumors could increase glucose consumption and grow under hypoxic conditions. It seems promising to assess the expression level of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in prostate adenocarcinoma cells of different malignancy score.Objective. To determine CAIX and GLUT1 expression in ISUP grades 1-5 prostate adenocarcinoma cells for evaluation of the disease prognosis and radical prostatectomy effectiveness.Materials and methods. Immunohistochemical study of postoperative material after radical prostatectomy with determination of GLUT1 and CAIX expression by tumor cells was carried out. The presence or absence of biochemical recurrence within one year after surgery was determined. The correlation between the level of expression, the presence of biochemical relapse and a few other clinical parameters was determined.Results. GLUT1 expression level statistically significant correlated with ISUP 4 and 5 (r = 0.457, p < 0.0001), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (r = 0.378, p < 0.0001), pT3b disease stage (r = 0.380, p < 0.0001), extracapsular extension (r = 0.355, p = 0.001), and inversely correlated with ISUP 1 (r = -0.274, p = 0.009). CAIX immunoexpression was observed in 10.0% of samples and the intensity was low (< 20% of cells).Conclusion. Elevated expression of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) by prostate adenocarcinoma cells among patients after radical prostatectomy is associated with high grade of malignancy (ISUP 4 and 5), pT3b disease stage, extracapsular extension of the tumor, as well as high PSA, which allows using it for the prognosis evaluation

Attitudes and Performance: An Analysis of Russian Workers

This paper investigates the relationship between locus of control and performance among Russian employees, using survey data collected at 28 workplaces in 2002 in Taganrog and at 47 workplaces in 2003 in Ekaterinburg. We develop a measure that allows us to categorize the Russian employees participating in our survey as exhibiting an internal or external locus of control. We then assess the extent to which there are significant differences between “internals” and “externals” in work-related attitudes that may affect performance. In particular, we focus on (1) attitudes about outcomes associated with hard work, (2) level of job satisfaction, (3) expectation of receiving a desired reward, and (4) loyalty to and involvement with one’s organization. In each case we identify where gender and generational differences emerge. Our main objective is to determine whether Russian employees who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better than employees with an external locus of control. Our performance measures include earnings, expected promotions, and assessments of the quantity and quality of work in comparison to others at the same organization doing a similar job. Controlling for a variety of worker characteristics, we find that (1) individuals who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better, but this result is not always statistically significant; (2) even among “internals,” women earn significantly less than men and have a much lower expectation of promotion; (3) even among “internals,” experience with unemployment has a negative influence on performance.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40144/3/wp758.pd

Russian Enterprises After the August Shock

The financial crisis of August 17, 1998, has created a unique situation in domestic industry. The operating conditions of virtually all business entities have been radically altered. The new "rules of the game" are being formed "as they go along," since the macro level is not providing the requisite signals regarding the directions and methods of pursuing any new industrial policy, and there are no points of reference. The enterprises that experienced the August shock are independently setting up rules for interaction befitting the situation that has taken shape. What goals are they setting for themselves? What opportunities do they have? How have they perceived the changes, and what further changes are they expecting? These are the main questions that researchers of enterprise behavior must answer today.

The socio-economic value of teacher salaries rise

The socio-economic results of the reform in teachers' salary, which had a positive impact on the quality of school education, are considered. However, the economic difficulties that our country encounters, may jeopardize the achieved results. The results of the monitoring study of the Center of the Economics of Lifelong Education of RANEPA «Efficiency of the school education» conducted in 2015 in the Sverdlovsk, Voronezh, Ivanovo regions serve as information base. 2800 school teachers, 2800 households having a school student at family, 200 directors of the educational organizations are interviewed according to the survey method. Surveys are conducted on the representative selection including both urban and rural population. It is shown that the average teacher's salary has reached the level of the average salary in the region in the 2013/2014 that met the requirements of the May Presidential Decree. This ratio was retained next year, and the size of the teachers' salaries fully reflected the differentiation of the socio-economic indicators of the development of the Russian regions under consideration. The main positive effects of teachers' salaries raise are: the rejuvenation of the teaching staff, professional development of teachers, their entering the Russian middle class. The authors study the impact of negative phenomena in the economy on the prospects of reproduction of the achieved socio-economic results of teachers' salaries raise. The reduction of pupils' parents' incomes that can lead to a decrease in a request for paid educational services, which is one of the sources of extra-budgetary funding of school education are considered as such effects. From this perspective, the projective educational strategy of the parents of school students is considered. The analysis of the economic activities of school organizations, on the one hand, and educational strategies for the parents of schoolchildren in the conditions of unfavorable economic situation, on the other hand, have shown that the lowering in school funding from the regional budgets, arising out of their deficient nature, would lead to the decline of the achieved results. © Copyright 2005-2016 Institute of Economics, the Ural branch of the RAS. All rights reserved.Рассмотрены социально-экономические итоги реформы оплаты труда учителей, которая положительно повлияла на качество школьного образования. Проанализирована динамика заработной платы учителей