Interactions of host miRNAs in the flavivirus 3´UTR genome:From bioinformatics predictions to practical approaches

The genus Flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family includes important viruses, such as Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, Yellow fever, Saint Louis encephalitis, and Usutu viruses. They are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks, and they can infect humans, causing fever, encephalitis, or haemorrhagic fever. The treatment resources for these diseases and the number of vaccines available are limited. It has been discovered that eukaryotic cells synthesize small RNA molecules that can bind specifically to sequences present in messenger RNAs to inhibit the translation process, thus regulating gene expression. These small RNAs have been named microRNAs, and they have an important impact on viral infections. In this review, we compiled the available information on miRNAs that can interact with the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of the flavivirus genome, a conserved region that is important for viral replication and translation

Inferring S8(z) and γ (z) with cosmic growth rate measurements using machine learning

Measurements of the cosmological parameter S8 provided by cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data reveal some tension between them, suggesting that the clustering features of matter in these early and late cosmological tracers could be different. In this work, we use a supervised learning method designed to solve Bayesian approach to regression, known as Gaussian Processes regression, to quantify the cosmic evolution of S8 up to z ~1.5. For this, we propose a novel approach to find firstly the evolution of the function σ8(z), then we find the function S8(z). As a sub-product we obtain a minimal cosmological modeldependent σ8(z = 0) and S8(z = 0) estimates. We select independent data measurements of the growth rate f (z) and of [ f σ8](z) according to criteria of non-correlated data, then we perform the Gaussian reconstruction of these data sets to obtain the cosmic evolution of σ8(z), S8(z), and the growth index γ (z). Our statistical analyses show that S8(z) is compatible with Planck CDM cosmology; when evaluated at the present time we find σ8(z = 0) = 0.766 ± 0.116 and S8(z = 0) = 0.732 ± 0.115. Applying our methodology to the growth index, we find γ (z = 0) = 0.465±0.140. Moreover, we compare our results with others recently obtained in the literature. In none of these functions, i.e. σ8(z), S8(z), and γ (z), do we find significant deviations from the standard cosmology predictions

Certificación en responsabilidad social empresarial para la exportación de parquet al mercado chino desde la empresa de maderas La Perla del Huallaga EIRL, 2017 – 2020

El autor no autoriza la publicación de la tesi

A discrete cluster of urinary biomarkers discriminates between active systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without glomerulonephritis.

BackgroundManagement of lupus nephritis (LN) would be greatly aided by the discovery of biomarkers that accurately reflect changes in disease activity. Here, we used a proteomics approach to identify potential urinary biomarkers associated with LN.MethodsUrine was obtained from 60 LN patients with paired renal biopsies, 25 active non-LN SLE patients, and 24 healthy controls. Using Luminex, 128 analytes were quantified and normalized to urinary creatinine levels. Data were analyzed by linear modeling and non-parametric statistics, with corrections for multiple comparisons. A second cohort of 33 active LN, 16 active non-LN, and 30 remission LN SLE patients was used to validate the results.ResultsForty-four analytes were identified that were significantly increased in active LN as compared to active non-LN. This included a number of unique proteins (e.g., TIMP-1, PAI-1, PF4, vWF, and IL-15) as well as known candidate LN biomarkers (e.g., adiponectin, sVCAM-1, and IL-6), that differed markedly (>4-fold) between active LN and non-LN, all of which were confirmed in the validation cohort and normalized in remission LN patients. These proteins demonstrated an enhanced ability to discriminate between active LN and non-LN patients over several previously reported biomarkers. Ten proteins were found to significantly correlate with the activity score on renal biopsy, eight of which strongly discriminated between active proliferative and non-proliferative/chronic renal lesions.ConclusionsA number of promising urinary biomarkers that correlate with the presence of active renal disease and/or renal biopsy changes were identified and appear to outperform many of the existing proposed biomarkers

Nitroxide-Functionalized Graphene Oxide from Graphite Oxide

A facile method for preparing functionalized graphene oxide single layers with nitroxide groups is reported herein. Highly oxidized graphite oxide (GO=90.6%) was obtained, slightly modifying an improved Hummer’s method. Oxoammonium salts (OS) were investigated to introduce nitroxide groups to GO, resulting in a one-step functionalization and exfoliation. The mechanisms of functionalization/exfoliation are proposed, where the oxidation of aromatic alcohols to ketone groups, and the formation of alkoxyamine species are suggested. Two kinds of functionalized graphene oxide layers (GOFT1 and GOFT2) were obtained by controlling the amount of OS added. GOFT1 and GOFT2 exhibited a high interlayer spacing (d0001 = 1.12nm), which was determined by X-ray diffraction. The presence of new chemical bonds C-N (~9.5 %) and O-O (~4.3 %) from nitroxide attached onto graphene layers were observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Single-layers of GOFT1 were observed by HRTEM, exhibiting amorphous and crystalline zones at a 50:50 ratio; in contrast, layers of GOFT2 exhibited a fully amorphous surface. Fingerprint of GOFT1 single layers was obtained by electron diffraction at several tilts. Finally, the potential use of these materials within Nylon 6 matrices was investigated, where an unusual simultaneous increase in tensile stress, tensile strain and Young’s modulus was observed

Unravelling the relevance of the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 in entamoeba histolytica through proteomic analysis

We recently reported that silencing of the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 in Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan which causes human amoebiasis, affects trophozoite proliferation, death, and virulence, suggesting that EhCFIm25 may have potential as a new biochemical target. Here, we performed a shotgun proteomic analysis to identify modulated proteins that could explain this phenotype. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027784. Our results revealed changes in the abundance of 75 proteins. Interestingly, STRING analysis, functional GO‐term annotations, KEGG analyses, and literature review showed that modulated proteins are mainly related to glycolysis and carbon metabolism, cytoskeleton dynamics, and parasite virulence, as well as gene expression and protein modifications. Further studies are needed to confirm the hypotheses emerging from this proteomic analysis, to thereby acquire a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms involved

Relación entre la incidencia de síndrome coronario agudo y las islas de calor urbano en la ciudad de Bogotá D. C. entre el año 2014 y el 2019

95 páginas : gráficasLa industrialización y desarrollo urbano de Bogotá, se ha acompañado de la aparición de zonas donde la temperatura y la contaminación son mayores que en el resto de la ciudad, lo que se conoce como islas de calor urbano. Se ha demostrado científicamente que estos factores afectan la salud de la población, sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que evalúan la asociación de enfermedades cardiovasculares con la presencia de islas de calor urbano tanto nacional como localmente. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la incidencia de síndrome coronario agudo y los factores asociados a dicha patología con la exposición y permanencia de pacientes adultos de las localidades del Sur de Bogotá. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Mediante un diseño de caso cruzado se reclutó a los participantes en las sub redes de salud Sur y Occidente mediante muestreo aleatorio simple, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario de exposición, el cual fue validado mediante prueba piloto. Se realizaron 85 encuestas en mayores de 20 años que habían sufrido algún evento agudo de cardiopatía isquémica entre 2014 y 2019 y paralelamente se r egistraron los datos diarios de contaminantes y variables meteorológicas de la Red de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire de Bogotá. Se caracterizó la exposición a islas de calor urbano, PM10, PM2.5 y temperatura en toda la ciudad a partir de las estaciones de monitoreo de Bogotá a través de un análisis espacial con el método de interpolación de ponderación por el inverso de la distancia (IDW). El nivel de exposición a islas de calor se calculó mediante la obtención del índice de isla de calor. El análisis estadístico incluyó el análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, exposiciones ambientales y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Así mismo se realizaron análisis bivariado y multivariado, para estudiar la asociación entre contaminantes, variables meteorológicas y el evento. En este estudio cada caso ejerce como su control para evitar el efecto de los factores de confusión, por lo que se tomaron los valores de los contaminantes y variables meteorológicas el día del evento y se compararon con los valores de las mismas variables el día correspondiente al evento pero el año anterior teniendo en cuenta el mismo día de la semana y el mismo mes, mediante procedimientos de regresión logística. Para caracterizar el impacto acumulado de las exposiciones aguda y crónica, en población expuesta a isla de calor, que se tomó como niveles del índice de isla de calor por encima del percentil 75, se realizó una regresión logística estratificada. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad de estos datos por medio de un análisis ecológico con la técnica de regresión dinámica de Poisson. 3RESULTADOS: De un total de 86 pacientes que participaron en el estudio un 50.59% fueron mujeres y un 49.41% son hombres de los cuales se identificó que la población objeto se considera de alto riesgo debido a la alta prevalencia de tabaquismo 48%, sedentarismo 80%, hipertensión 65% y consumo de dietas inadecuadas que podrían conllevar a un SCA. Se observa un incremento de los casos en un 72% con el aumento de 1 grado de temperatura habiendo simultáneamente un aumento de casos en un 10% por cada aumento de una unidad de PM2.5 y una disminución concomitante del PM10. Después de la estratificación del modelo, para cuantificar el efecto de la exposición crónica a islas de calor urbano (Índice de Isla de Calor >1,37) sobre la exposición aguda y la aparición del desenlace, se observa que en la población expuesta a las islas de calor urbano hay un aumento en el efecto combinado de PM2.5 (OR=1.19 IC 95% 1.03 a 1.37) y temperatura (OR=2.10 IC 95% 1.29 a 3.42) con la relación inversa persistente del PM10 (OR=0.89 a 0.95), mientras en la población no expuesta ese efecto se diluye y predomina el efecto agudo de la temperatura (OR=2.77, IC 95% 1.51 a 5.07). El análisis de sensibilidad mostró que la temperatura y el PM2.5 se asocia con un increm ento de la probabilidad de presentar un SCA en un 68% (RR=1.68, IC 95%1.03-2.73). CONCLUSIONES: A través del cálculo del índice ICU, realizado con los datos ambientales obtenidos por medio de las redes de monitoreo de calidad del aire de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C, se definen las localidades de Kennedy, Bosa y Ciudad Bolívar (estación carvajal) como zonas de Islas de Calor Urbano, teniendo en cuenta los comportamientos del material particulado PM2.5 y la temperatura para cada localidad, siendo éstos los principales factores ambientales relacionados con el incremento de la probabilidad de desarrollar un Síndrome Coronario Agudo en personas residentes en las zonas previamente descritas, lo cual evidencia la relación existente entre la exposición aguda y/o crónica a las ICU con el desenlace de dicho evento patológico.The industrialization and urban development of Bogotá, has been accompanied by the appearance of areas where the temperature and pollution are higher than in the rest of the city; this is known as urban heat islands. It has been scientifically proven that these factors affect the health of the population, however, there are few studies that assess the association of cardiovascular diseases with the presence of urban heat islands both nationally and locally. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the incidence of acute coronary syndrome and the factors associated with the aforementioned pathology with the exposure and permanence of adult patients from the southern towns of Bogotá. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Through a cross-case design, participants in the South and West sub-health networks were recruited, using simple random sampling, to whom an exposure questionnaire was applied, which was validated by a pilot test. Eighty-five surveys were carried out in over 20-year-old people who had suffered an acute event of ischemic heart disease between 2014 and 2019, and in parallel the daily data of pollutants and meteorological variables of the Air Quality Monitoring Network of Bogotá were recorded. The exposure to urban heat islands, PM10, PM2.5 and temperature throughout the city was characterized from the monitoring stations in Bogotá through a spatial analysis with the interpolation method of inverse distance weighting ( IDW). The level of exposure to heat islands was calculated by obtaining the heat island index. The statistical analysis included a descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, environmental exposures and cardiovascular risk factors. Likewise, bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to study the association between pollutants, meteorological variables and the event. In this study, each case acts as its control to avoid the effect of confounding factors, so the pollutants and meteorological variables values were taken on the day of the event and compared with the same variables values on the corresponding event day, but the previous year, taking into account the same day of the week and the same month, through logistic regression procedures. To characterize the cumulative impact of acute and chronic exposures in a population exposed to heat island, which was taken as heat island index levels above the 75th percentile, a stratified logistic regression was performed. A sensitivity analysis of these data was carried out by means of an ecological analysis with the Poisson dynamic regression technique. RESULTS : From a total of 86 patients who participated in the study 50.59% were women and 49.41% were men, of which it was identified that the target population is considered high risk due to the high prevalence of smoking 48%, sedentary lifestyle 80 %, hypertension 65% and consumption of inadequate diets that could lead to an ACS. An increase of cases is observed in 72% with the increase of 1 degree of temperature, there being simultaneously an increase of cases in 10% for each increase of a PM2.5 unit and a concomitant decrease of PM10.After a model stratification to quantify the effect of chronic exposure to urban heat islands (Heat Island Index> 1.37) on acute exposure and the occurrence of the outcome, it is observed that in the population exposed to Islands of urban heat there is an increase in the combined effect of PM2.5 (OR = 1.19 95% CI 1.03 to 1.37) and temperature (OR = 2.10 95% CI 1.29 to 3.42) with the persistent inverse relationship of PM10 (OR = 0.89 a 0.95), while in the unexposed population that effect is diluted and the acute temperature effect prevails (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.51 to 5.07). Sensitivity analysis showed that temperature and PM2.5 are associated with an increase in the probability of presenting an ACS by 68% (RR = 1.68, IC95 1.03-2.73). CONCLUSIONS : Through the calculation of the ICU index, carried out with the environmental data obtained through the air quality monitoring networks of the city of Bogotá DC, the locations of Kennedy, Bosa and Ciudad Bolívar (Carvajal station) are defined as Urban Heat Islands areas, taking into account the behavior of PM2.5 particulate material and the temperature for each locality, these being the main environmental factors related to the increased probability of developing an Acute Coronary Syndrome in people living in the areas previously described, which evidences the relationship between acute and / or chronic exposure to ICUs with the outcome of the aforementioned pathological event.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Cirujan