Development and experimental validation of building systems for masonry housing in seismic areas

The evolution of structural masonry is briefly reviewed, from old thrust line behavior to modern global behavior using shear walls. For modern structural masonry, the use of unreinforced, confined and reinforced masonry is addressed in seismic areas. A first focus is given to recent approaches towards the safety assessment of unreinforced masonry buildings and their performance in shaking table tests. Subsequently, building systems for modern masonry structures recently developed and tested at University of Minho are presented, one based on lightweight concrete blocks and another based on normal concrete blocks. The experimental and numerical work carried out is discussed and conclusions on the performance of the systems are given.La evolución de la mampostería estructural se revisa brevemente, del anterior comportamiento con líneas de empuje al comportamiento global moderno con muros de cortante. Para mampostería estructural moderna, su uso como no reforzada, confinada y reforzada se trata en zonas sísmicas. Un primer enfoque se da a los abordajes recientes hacia la evaluación de la seguridad de los edificios de mampostería no reforzada y su desempeño en pruebas en mesa sísmica. Posteriormente, los sistemas de construcción para estructuras de mampostería modernos recientemente desarrollados y probados en la Universidad de Minho se presentan, uno basado en bloques de hormigón ligero y otro basado en bloques de concreto normales. El trabajo experimental y numérico llevado a cabo se presenta, junto con las conclusiones sobre el desempeño de los sistemas

Experimental investigation on the seismic behaviour of new concrete block masonry buildings

The present work deals with the experimental validation of a new structural solution for concrete block masonry buildings. Dynamic tests of two identical two-­story concrete block masonry models were performed on a shaking table in reduced scale 1:2, with focus on the global behavior. Both models were tested in the two orthogonal horizontal components with uncorrelated artificial accelerograms compatible with the elastic response spectrum defined by Eurocode 8. The first model was tested in reinforced conditions following the same code, while the second building was tested as an unreinforced solution. The identification of the dynamic properties using modal analysis (based on input-­output techniques) as well as the seismic evaluation of both buildings is presented. In the experimental tests, various input motions with incremental amplitude were implemented. The damage identification through stiffness degradation is studied. Furthermore, the experimental analysis encompasses parameters as the cracking patterns with consequence collapse mechanisms. In-­plane and out of plane behavior in terms of displacements and lateral drifts are discussed. Findings related to the global dynamic behavior and comparisons between the results of the two buildings are also presented

Experimental and numerical analysis of the seismic performance of concrete block masonry buildings

The increase in housing demand and the construction cost of the necessary houses for its satisfaction have motivated the study of economical and efficient solutions aiming at developing new construction methods. A new solution for the construction of residential houses is presented. Dynamic seismic tests by using a shaking table were performed on two masonry buildings. The first experimental model incorporates steel reinforcement according to the Eurocodes, while the second was tested as an unreinforced solution. A numerical model for the unreinforced solution was prepared by using macro-modelling approach. Five non-linear phased dynamic analyses with time integration representing the same seismic amplitude tests implemented during the experimental campaign were made. In terms of experimental results, the quantitative parameters for both models and the crack patterns are presented. Comparisons between the experimental results and those from the numerical simulations are also presented.Portuguese Agency of Innovation (ADI)

Bolivia : diaspora and emigration policies

INTERACT - Researching Third Country Nationals’ Integration as a Three-way Process - Immigrants, Countries of Emigration and Countries of Immigration as Actors of IntegrationIs immigration on the Bolivian political agenda? If we only analyze the official census figures and focus on laws, decrees and public policy initiatives, we should probably answer ‘no’. However, as we shall see, we have to consider another reality after integrating various statistical estimates that increase official numbers and after acknowledging the work of some governmental departments as well as non-governmental social research and advocacy organizations and Bolivian migrants associations abroad. To understand the difference in the response to migration questions in Bolivia, we now present the policy and institutional foundations on which the immigration debate is held in Bolivia. Some public policy, civil right defense and research initiatives have been proposed and established, but these initiatives would be best judged after considering how much political and economic support they will receive in future.INTERACT is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Comportamento sísmico de edifícios assimétricos de alvenaria estrutural : ensaios na mesa sísmica

O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste na avaliação do desempenho sísmico de um sistema em alvenaria armada que possa ser representativo da construção corrente de edifícios de pequeno a médio porte em zonas de moderada a elevada perigosidade sísmica. Pretendeu-se avaliar o efeito da complexidade da geometria em planta bem como a influência do reforço aplicado ao nível das juntas horizontais e verticais. Para o efeito, foram construídos dois modelos de edifícios de alvenaria armada e não armada à escala reduzida (1:2) com a solução em alvenaria estrutural em blocos de betão com furação vertical. Estes modelos de edifícios foram posteriormente sujeitos a uma ação sísmica regulamentar característica da região de Lisboa na mesa sísmica do Laboratório nacional de Engenharia Civil

Análisis de la distribución espacial de la malaria en el departamento de chocó para el año 2016

(Eng) The present investigation has as purpose the estimation of a generalized linear spatial regression model of Poisson distribution that allows to explain the geographic-spatial behavior of malaria for the department of Chocó for the year 2016. The probability maps were the result of statistical techniques spatial data type Lattice such as criteria of figures, distances and physical contiguity, in order to determine the existence of a spatial relationship of the disease in question. To verify this spatial autocorrelation among the municipalities of the department of Chocó, it was carried out based on the statistical interaction of sanitary, environmental and demographic variables such as the population of each municipality. However, it was necessary to perform a Gaussian anamorphosis process to guarantee the normalization of the data in standardized morbidity rates (SMR) and thus identify the statistical structure of the data that for this year were from a Poisson distribution. The study allowed the identification of positive spatial autocorrelation in some municipalities of Chocó, such as Paimado, Istmina and Tado, where ma - laria is more likely to occur due to its municipal proximity according to the physical relationship of certain study variables. It was obtained as a result that the variables that best explain malaria in the Chocó municipalities are the coverage of forests and unsatisfied basic needs that give as a product the map of spatial autocorrelation and the map of probability of occurrence among the municipalities of the department.(Spa) La presente investigación tiene como propósito la estimación de un modelo de regresión espacial lineal gen - eralizado de distribución Poisson que permita explicar el comportamiento espacio-geográfico de la malaria para el departamento de Chocó para el año 2016. Los mapas de probabilidad fueron resultado de técnicas de estadística espacial en datos tipo Lattice tales como criterios de figuras, distancias y de contigüidad física, con el fin de determinar la existencia de una relación espacial de la enfermedad en mención. Para verificar dicha autocorrelación espacial entre los municipios del departamento de Chocó se realizó basado en la interacción estadística de variables sanitarias, ambientales y demográficas como la población de cada municipio. Sin em - bargo, fue necesario realizar un proceso de anamorfosis gaussiana para garantizar la normalización de los datos en tasas de morbilidad estandarizada (SMR) y así identificar la estructura estadística de los datos que para este año fueron provenientes de una distribución Poisson. El estudio permitió identificar autocorrelación espacial positiva en algunos municipios del Chocó como Paimado, Istmina y Tado donde la malaria tiene mayor prob - abilidad de ocurrencia por su cercanía municipal de acuerdo a la relación física de ciertas variables del estudio. Se obtuvo como resultado que las variables que mejor explican espacialmente la malaria para los municipios del Chocó son la cobertura de bosques y necesidades básicas insatisfechas que dan como producto el mapa de autocorrelación espacial y el mapa de probabilidad de ocurrencia entre los municipios del departamento

VISION EMPRESARIAL DEL MEDICO VETERINARIO

The National Association of Universities and Institutions of Education Superior reports for cycle 2006-2007, to the Veterinary Medicine race within the sector of Farming Sciences where 6 000 enrolled students of the total of 307188 students of the national population of education exist superior, representing a 2%. In agreement with national statistics the Veterinary Medicine is an area of opportunity for the future professional. I am applied a survey to the students withdrawn in degree process, in the University Antonio Narro, to know the needs the labor market in which one evolves. Of withdrawn in the last the 4 years, 36% of the population were evaluated, reflecting that 52% carry out workings focused to the administrative area, 41% realises technical functions of the race, 4% carry out studies of posgrado and distribute chair and a 3% were unemployed. Reason why it is necessary to redesign the curriculum including the needs that can be detonating in the labor success of the withdrawn one, honoring the Strategic Administration like central axis, helped by other administrative tools which they assure the knowledge acquisition with enterprise approach, agreed to the needs of the globalised world.Evaluation, Redesign, Strategical Administration., Agribusiness,

Molecular Requirements for Ethanol Differential Allosteric Modulation of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Based on Selective G Beta Gamma Modulation

It is now believed that the allosteric modulation produced by ethanol in glycine receptors (GlyRs) depends on alcohol binding to discrete sites within the protein structure. Thus, the differential ethanol sensitivity of diverse GlyR isoforms and mutants was explained by the presence of specific residues in putative alcohol pockets. Here, we demonstrate that ethanol sensitivity in two LGIC members, the GlyR adult alpha1 and embryonic alpha2 subunits, can be modified through selective mutations that rescued or impaired Gbetagamma modulation. Even though that both isoforms were able to physically interact with Gbetagamma, only the alpha1 GlyR was functionally modulated by Gbetagamma and pharmacological ethanol concentrations. Remarkably, the simultaneous switching of two transmembrane and a single extracellular residue in alpha2 GlyRs was enough to generate GlyRs modulated by Gbetagamma and low ethanol concentrations. Interestingly, while we found that these TM residues were different to those in the alcohol binding site, the extracellular residue was recently implicated in conformational changes important to generate a pre-open activated state that precedes ion channel gating. Thus, these results support the idea that the differential ethanol sensitivity of these two GlyR isoforms rests on conformational changes in transmembrane and extracellular residues within the ion channel structure rather than in differences in alcohol binding pockets. Our results describe the molecular basis for the differential ethanol sensitivity of two LGIC members based on selective Gbetagamma modulation and provide a new mechanistic framework for allosteric modulations of abuse drugs