Evaluation of the energy consumption and overheating of homes in Miami, Guayaquil and Tenerife

Year after year, global warming is elevating temperatures all over the world, causing indoor overheating environments that are inhabitable, and increasing energy demand in housing. Given this global concern, the aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal behavior of the house in the cities of Miami, Guayaquil and Tenerife, by a comparison assisted with a simulation for their indoor overheating hours and cooling demand, considering their climates, energy efficiency codes, and construction systems. These were: Miami, with two models (M1 with timber frame as the thermal envelope and M2 with a concrete block system), Guayaquil, with two models (G1 with the limitations for a dwelling with cooling system and G2 without it), and Tenerife with only one model. As a result, was found that Miami is the case with the higher consumption, which has a higher energy demand in a house of timber wall system than in a house of concrete block system, due to the thermal inertia. Despite that both models have the same usage time for the cooling system, meaning that more power was needed to reach the thermal comfort. Then, Guayaquil and Tenerife, are the cases that follows, with less consumption. While, according to the UNE EN 16798 methodology, in the indoor overheating hour evaluation in a year, Miami has the higher cases with a 31.43% of its hours in overheating for the timber frame system and a 22.88% for the concrete block system, followed by two cases in Guayaquil, with 4.2%, other with none, and also Tenerife with 2.43%. Nevertheless, the study showed that energy consumption is not necessarily related to the indoor overheating hours that a house could have. Given that, in the case of Guayaquil, where it doesn’t have any indoor overheating hour in all year, while Tenerife, with a similar energy consumption, has 2.43% of its hours in overheating. Due to the different parameters that the UNE follows in comparison with the cooling setpoints given by the CTE-DB-HE all over the year for the respective cases, because of their long warm seasons. Therefore, the study analyses the limits establish by the Spanish normative in relation to overheating, showing an overestimation assessment if the results with the UNE methodology are compared

Enfermedades crónicas

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y relación con el control metabólico en pacientes con DM2Aluminio en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal crónico con hemodiálisis en Bogotá, ColombiaAmputación de extremidades inferiores: ¿están aumentando las tasas?Consumo de edulcorantes artificiales en jóvenes universitariosCómo crecen niños normales de 2 años que son sobrepeso a los 7 añosDiagnóstico con enfoque territorial de salud cardiovascular en la Región MetropolitanaEfecto a corto plazo de una intervención con ejercicio físico, en niños con sobrepesoEfectos de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con síndrome metabólico e IMC < 35 KG/M2Encuesta mundial de tabaquismo en estudiantes de profesiones de saludEnfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Consecuencias sociales-sanitarias de comunidades rurales en ChileEpidemiología de las muertes hospitalarias por patologías relacionadas a muerte encefálica, Chile 2003-2007Estado nutricional y conductas alimentarias en adolescentes de 4º medio de la Región de CoquimboEstudio de calidad de vida en una muestra del plan piloto para hepatitis CEvaluación del proceso asistencial y de resultados de salud del GES de diabetes mellitus 2Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población universitaria de la Facsal, universidad de TarapacáImplicancias psicosociales en la génesis, evolución y tratamiento de pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencialInfarto agudo al miocardio (IAM): Realidad en el Hospital de Puerto Natales, 2009-2010Introducción de nuevas TIC y mejoría de la asistencia a un programa de saludNiños obesos atendidos en el Cesfam de Puerto Natales y su entorno familiarPerfil de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Río de JaneiroPerfil del paciente primo-consultante del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, Consultorio Cordillera Andina, Los AndesPrevalencia de automedicación en mujeres beneficiarias del Hospital Comunitario de Til-TiPrevalencia de caries en población preescolar y su relación con malnutrición por excesoPrevalencia de retinopatía diabética en comunas dependientes del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente (SSMOC)Problemas de adherencia farmacológica antihipertensiva en población mapuche: Un estudio cualitativoRol biológico de los antioxidantes innatos en pacientes portadores de VIH/SidaSobrepeso en empleados de un restaurante de una universidad pública del estado de São Paul

Evaluation of the energy consumption and overheating of homes in Miami, Guayaquil and Tenerife

Year after year, global warming is elevating temperatures all over the world, causing indoor overheating environments that are inhabitable, and increasing energy demand in housing. Given this global concern, the aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal behavior of the house in the cities of Miami, Guayaquil and Tenerife, by a comparison assisted with a simulation for their indoor overheating hours and cooling demand, considering their climates, energy efficiency codes, and construction systems. These were: Miami, with two models (M1 with timber frame as the thermal envelope and M2 with a concrete block system), Guayaquil, with two models (G1 with the limitations for a dwelling with cooling system and G2 without it), and Tenerife with only one model. As a result, was found that Miami is the case with the higher consumption, which has a higher energy demand in a house of timber wall system than in a house of concrete block system, due to the thermal inertia. Despite that both models have the same usage time for the cooling system, meaning that more power was needed to reach the thermal comfort. Then, Guayaquil and Tenerife, are the cases that follows, with less consumption. While, according to the UNE EN 16798 methodology, in the indoor overheating hour evaluation in a year, Miami has the higher cases with a 31.43% of its hours in overheating for the timber frame system and a 22.88% for the concrete block system, followed by two cases in Guayaquil, with 4.2%, other with none, and also Tenerife with 2.43%. Nevertheless, the study showed that energy consumption is not necessarily related to the indoor overheating hours that a house could have. Given that, in the case of Guayaquil, where it doesn’t have any indoor overheating hour in all year, while Tenerife, with a similar energy consumption, has 2.43% of its hours in overheating. Due to the different parameters that the UNE follows in comparison with the cooling setpoints given by the CTE-DB-HE all over the year for the respective cases, because of their long warm seasons. Therefore, the study analyses the limits establish by the Spanish normative in relation to overheating, showing an overestimation assessment if the results with the UNE methodology are compared

MEGARA, the R=6000-20000 IFU and MOS of GTC

MEGARA is the new generation IFU and MOS optical spectrograph built for the 10.4m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC). The project was developed by a consortium led by UCM (Spain) that also includes INAOE (Mexico), IAA-CSIC (Spain) and UPM (Spain). The instrument arrived to GTC on March 28th 2017 and was successfully integrated and commissioned at the telescope from May to August 2017. During the on-sky commissioning we demonstrated that MEGARA is a powerful and robust instrument that provides on-sky intermediate-to-high spectral resolutions RFWHM ~ 6,000, 12,000 and 20,000 at an unprecedented efficiency for these resolving powers in both its IFU and MOS modes. The IFU covers 12.5 x 11.3 arcsec 2 while the MOS mode allows observing up to 92 objects in a region of 3.5 x 3.5 arcmin 2 . In this paper we describe the instrument main subsystems, including the Folded-Cassegrain unit, the fiber link, the spectrograph, the cryostat, the detector and the control subsystems, and its performance numbers obtained during commissioning where the fulfillment of the instrument requirements is demonstrated. © 2018 SPIE

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care