Aves limícolas (Charadrii) en un embalse del centro de la Península Ibérica durante el ciclo anual: zonas interiores vs. zonas litorales

The structure and dynamics of wader assernblages in a reservoir in the centre of the lberian peninsula (Los Canchales, Badajoz, SW Spain) was studied over a one-year period. The comparison between these assemblages and others from inland and coastal wetlands of the peninsula is analysed. The highest number of birds in Los Canchales reservoir was registered during the migration periods. This pattern fits that observed in other inland wetlands with slow waters, but is different from the pattern observed in inland rivers, probably dueto the smaller available surface for the majority of these species. The occurrence of Vanellus vanellus in inland wetlands brings about the dominance of the Charadriidae in contrast with coastal wetlands where the Scolopacidae is the dominant family as a result of the great numbers of birds of the Calidris genus. Key words: Waders, Reservoir, Inland, Annual dynamic, Charadrii.The structure and dynamics of wader assernblages in a reservoir in the centre of the lberian peninsula (Los Canchales, Badajoz, SW Spain) was studied over a one-year period. The comparison between these assemblages and others from inland and coastal wetlands of the peninsula is analysed. The highest number of birds in Los Canchales reservoir was registered during the migration periods. This pattern fits that observed in other inland wetlands with slow waters, but is different from the pattern observed in inland rivers, probably dueto the smaller available surface for the majority of these species. The occurrence of Vanellus vanellus in inland wetlands brings about the dominance of the Charadriidae in contrast with coastal wetlands where the Scolopacidae is the dominant family as a result of the great numbers of birds of the Calidris genus. Key words: Waders, Reservoir, Inland, Annual dynamic, Charadrii.The structure and dynamics of wader assernblages in a reservoir in the centre of the lberian peninsula (Los Canchales, Badajoz, SW Spain) was studied over a one-year period. The comparison between these assemblages and others from inland and coastal wetlands of the peninsula is analysed. The highest number of birds in Los Canchales reservoir was registered during the migration periods. This pattern fits that observed in other inland wetlands with slow waters, but is different from the pattern observed in inland rivers, probably dueto the smaller available surface for the majority of these species. The occurrence of Vanellus vanellus in inland wetlands brings about the dominance of the Charadriidae in contrast with coastal wetlands where the Scolopacidae is the dominant family as a result of the great numbers of birds of the Calidris genus. Key words: Waders, Reservoir, Inland, Annual dynamic, Charadrii

Compactness in Banach space theory - selected problems

We list a number of problems in several topics related to compactness in nonseparable Banach spaces. Namely, about the Hilbertian ball in its weak topology, spaces of continuous functions on Eberlein compacta, WCG Banach spaces, Valdivia compacta and Radon-Nikod\'{y}m compacta

El plancton de las lagunas de gravera y el fósforo : el enriquecimiento de las paradojas

Durante las últimas décadas se han formulado explícitamente varias hipótesis sobre el funcionamiento de las comunidades pelágicas lacustres en relación con el enriquecimiento en fósforo. Entre ellas, se cuentan: 1ª) la relación directa entre fósforo y biomasa planctónica, 2ª) los máximos de la riqueza específica planctónica a niveles intermedios de fósforo, 3ª) la desestabilización de los grupos funcionales de la red trófica debida al enriquecimiento en fósforo (ó "paradoja del enriquecimiento"), 4ª) el hecho de que la biomasa planctónica en todos los niveles sea el resultado de la interacción entre el recurso limitante (el fósforo, en este caso) y la red trófica encabezada por los peces ictiófagos, y 5ª) la marcada influencia del enriquecimiento y de los peces ictiófagos sobre el espectro de tamaños planctónicos. Con objeto de comprobar estas hipótesis, realizamos un estudio estacional durante año y medio sobre el plancton de 16 lagunas de gravera situadas en el valle del río Jarama (Madrid), las cuales presentan un gradiente claro de fósforo total promedio (36-2500 μg P/L) y pueden o no albergar peces ictiófagos, aunque casi todas tengan ciprínidos. La 1ª hipótesis sólo se cumplió para bacterias, fitoplancton y rotíferos, pero no para las restantes comunidades planctónicas. La 2ª hipótesis se refutó, pues los máximos de riqueza específica se presentaron en las lagunas hipertróficas. La 3ª hipótesis no se comprobó y, en el caso de bacterias y fitoplancton consumible por herbívoros, tuvo lugar una estabilización de los mismos con el aumento de fósforo; probablemente, el efecto estabilizador de la omnivoría debida a copépodos y a ciprínidos fuera el responsable de este resultado. Los peces ictiófagos afectaron favorablemente a la biomasa de cladóceros, no alcanzando su efecto a los niveles inferiores de la red, controlados claramente por el fósforo, lo cual prestó apoyo a la idea de la interacción entre fuerzas ascendentes y descendentes de la red trófica, pero refutó la idea de la cascada trófica. Tanto el fósforo como los peces ictiófagos influyeron sobre el espectro de tamaños de modo antagónico, lo cual complicó la 5ª hipótesis. La conclusión general de este ejercicio de contraste de hipótesis es -además de la obvia de continuar investigando las redes tróficas planctónicas- que necesitamos hipótesis más globales en apoyo epistemológico de este enriquecimiento de las paradojas que hemos observado.Several hypotheses have been outlined on the relationship of lake communities and phosphorus enrichment in recent years. Some of them are the following: i) a positive relationship between phosphorus and planktonic biomass, ii) species richness peaks at intermediate phosphorus concentrations, iii) the destabilisation of food web functional groups arising from phosphorus enrichment (called the paradox of enrichment), iv) the plankton biomass as the outcome of interactions between the limiting resource (phosphorus in most lakes) and the food web, and v) the remarkable influence of phosphorus enrichment and piscivorous fish on planktonic size spectra. To test these hypotheses, we carried out a seasonal study on plankton communities of sixteen gravel-pit lakes for fifteen months in the river Jarama plain (Madrid, Central Spain). These lakes showed a wide range of average phosphorus contents (36-2500 μg P/L), piscivorous fish lived in some of them and most harbour benthic, omnivorous ciprinids. Hypothesis i was only demonstrated for bacteria, phytoplankton and rotifers. Hypothesis ii was refuted since species richness peaks occurred in hypertrophic lakes. Hypothesis iii was not supported by our data, and we even found a stabilisation of bacterial and edible phytoplankton populations along with phosphorus enrichment, such a stabilisation being a likely result of omnivory by copepods and ciprinids. As expected, piscivorous fish influenced cladoceran and bacterial density whereas phosphorus enrichment increased phytoplankton biomass, but the top-down effect did not affect phytoplankton, rotifers and copepods, thus supporting the bottom-up:top-down model against the trophic cascade model. Both phosphorus and piscivorous fish impinged on planktonic size spectra, albeit in an antagonistic way, and hence hypothesis v must be made more comprehensive. In addition to the obvious necessity of further studies on planktonic food webs, this exercise of hypothesis testing suggests that more comprehensive hypotheses should be built to support epistemologically the enrichment of paradox observed

Lagarta-dos-cafezais: o caso de Rondônia.

Nesta publicação verificou-se a existência de 64 propriedades com 618 hectares afetados pelo ataque da lagarta-dos-cafezais no município de Cacoal-RO e as medidas de controle adotadas para conter a expansão de E. imperialis com a redução significativa da área atacada.bitstream/item/72102/1/0000004037-ct68-lagartadoscafezais.pd

Real-Time Big Data Analytics in Smart Cities from LoRa-Based IoT Networks

The currently burst of the Internet of Things (IoT) tech-nologies implies the emergence of new lines of investigation regarding not only to hardware and protocols but also to new methods of pro-duced data analysis satisfying the IoT environment constraints: a real-time and a big data approach. The Real-time restriction is about the continuous generation of data provided by the endpoints connected to an IoT network; due to the connection and scaling capabilities of an IoT network, the amount of data to process is so high that Big data tech-niques become essential. In this article, we present a system consisting of two main modules. In one hand, the infrastructure, a complete LoRa based network designed, tested and deployment in the Pablo de Olavide University and, on the other side, the analytics, a big data streaming sys-tem that processes the inputs produced by the network to obtain useful, valid and hidden information.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2017-88209-C2-1-

Sibling Competition and Conspicuousness of Nestling Gapes in Altricial Birds: A Comparative Study

Background: Nestlings of altricial birds capture parents ’ attention through conspicuous visual displays, including exposure of their gape coloration which informs parents about their level of need, competitive ability or health; information that parents use for deciding food allocation among their offspring. Thus, because nestlings compete with nest mates for parental care, nestling conspicuousness is expected to increase with level of sibling competition along bird phylogeny. Methodology/Principal Findings: We test this prediction by jointly using information of brood reduction, clutch size and duration of nestling period as proxies for intensity of sibling competition, and visual models that assess detectability of nestlings by adult birds. As predicted, we found a positive association between nestling conspicuousness and intensity of brood reduction, while clutch size and duration of nestling period did not enter in the best models. Level of brood reduction was positively related with the achromatic component of nestling conspicuousness and body mass was negatively related with the chromatic component. Conclusions: These associations are in agreement with the hypothesis that sibling competition for parental attention has driven the evolution of visual nestling conspicuousness in a context of parent-offspring communication in altricial birds

Equilibrium, kinetics and breakthrough curves of acetaminophen adsorption onto activated carbons from microwave-assisted FeCl3-activation of lignin

Activated carbons have been prepared by chemical activation of lignin with FeCl3 using microwave (MW) heating. The use of MW significantly reduced the activation time compared to conventional heating. Microwave power, impregnation ratio (R: mass ratio of FeCl3 to lignin precursor) and MW holding time have been studied as variables affecting the development of porous texture. The optimum conditions were found at 800 W, R = 5 and 30 min MW heating time. Under those conditions an essentially microporous activated carbon was obtained, with BET surface area higher than 1150 m2·g−1 and acidic surface, whose pH at the point of zero charge was 4.2. This activated carbon was tested for the adsorption of acetaminophen, as model emerging contaminant, from aqueous phase. The adsorption isotherms, obtained at 20, 40 and 60 °C, fitted well to Redlich–Peterson model. The maximum acetaminophen adsorption reached about 300 mg·g−1 at 60 °C. Values of 35.5 kJ·mol−1 and 238.3 J·mol−1·K−1 were obtained for the enthalpy and entropy of adsorption, respectively. Those positive values are indicative of an endothermic process and increased randomness at the solid/solution interface upon adsorption. The adsorption kinetics was better described by pseudo-second order driving force model. Breakthrough curves were also obtained at different adsorption temperatures, flow rates and acetaminophen inlet concentrations. They fitted well to a logistic-type equation representative of the Bohart-Adams, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. Adsorbent regeneration with hot water (80 °C) revealed easy and complete desorption thus providing a promising view of the potential application of this activated carbonThe authors acknowledge the financial support from the State Research Agency (PID2019-106186RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Spain). M. Penas-Garzón thanks Spanish MECD for FPU16/00576 gran

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the ternary complex of procarboxypeptidase A from bovine pancreas

AbstractThe ternary complex of procarboxypeptidase A, chymotrypsinogen C and proproteinase E from bovine pancreas has been crystallized using the sitting drop vapour diffusion method. The success in obtaining crystals has been found to be critically dependent on the prevention of autolysis of the complex. In preliminary stages, crystals twinned by merohedry were obtained from a solution containing MgCl2 and polyethylenglycol 400 as precipitating agent. Later on, untwinned ones could be grown employing CaCl2 instead of MgCl2. These latter crystals belong to the rhombohedral system and to the spacegroup R3 with cell dimensions a = b = 188.5 Å and c = 82.5 Å. Consideration of the possible values of Vm accounts for the presence of one ternary complex molecule-oligomere per asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract beyond 2.6 Å resolution and are suitable for X-ray analysis