Scalar transport in compressible flow

Transport of scalar fields in compressible flow is investigated. The effective equations governing the transport at scales large compared to those of the advecting flow are derived by using multi-scale techniques. Ballistic transport generally takes place when both the solenoidal and the potential components of the velocity do not vanish, despite of the fact that it has zero average value. The calculation of the effective ballistic velocity $V_b$ is reduced to the solution of one auxiliary equation. An analytic expression for $V_b$ is derived in some special instances, i.e. flows depending on a single coordinate, random with short correlation times and slightly compressible cellular flow. The effective mean velocity $V_b$ vanishes for velocity fields which are either incompressible or potential and time-independent. For generic compressible flow, the most general conditions ensuring the absence of ballistic transport are isotropy and/or parity invariance. When $V_b$ vanishes (or in the frame of reference moving with velocity $V_b$), standard diffusive transport takes place. It is known that diffusion is always enhanced by incompressible flow. On the contrary, we show that diffusion is depleted in the presence of time-independent potential flow. Trapping effects due to potential wells are responsible for this depletion. For time-dependent potential flow or generic compressible flow, transport rates are enhanced or depleted depending on the detailed structure of the velocity field.Comment: 27 pages, submitted to Physica

Purificación del virus del síndrome de la hoja amarilla de la caña de azúcar (Sugarcane yellow leaf luteovirus ScYLV) y producción de antisuero

Plantas de la variedad SP 71-6163 afectadas por el virus del síndrome de la hoja amarilla de la cana de azúcar (ScYLV), se sembraron en condiciones de invernadero para purificar el agente causal y producir anticuerpos específicos. La metodología de purificación utilizada fue la de Lockhart (1999) modificada, agregando la enzima Celluclast 1,5 L al 2% a la solución de extracción. Las preparaciones parcialmente purificadas fueron evaluados por microscopia electrónica en el laboratorio de la unidad de virología del CIAT para verificar la concentración de partículas virales. Una vez obtenida una alta concentración el semipurificado se ultracentrifugó en un gradiente de densidad de sucrosa de 10-40% para incrementar la pureza del virus. El purificado obtenido se empleó como antígeno en la producción de immunoglobulinas especificas inyectando conejos de la raza Nueva Zelandia durante cuatro semanas en una concentración de 1mg ScYLV/ml, para luego evaluar el antisuero mediante técnicas de microscopia electrónica y TBIA. Se encontró una alta concentración de partículas virales en semipurificados empleando Celluclast 1,5 L al 2%. La relación de absorbancia A260/A280 fue de 1,49 y la concentración viral aproximada de 1,87 mg/ml. El anticuerpo producido se utilizará en pruebas serológicas de ISEM y tissue-blot para el diagnóstico del ScYLV en la zona azucarera del Valle del Cauca. = Plants of SP 71-6163 variety positive for the virus of the sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome (ScYLV) were sowed under greenhouse conditions to purify the causal agent and to produce specific antibodies. The methodology used for purification was that of Lockhart (1999) modified by CENICAÑA, adding the Celluclast 1,5 L to 2% enzyme to the extraction buffer. The purified of the obtained virus were evaluated by electronic microscopy in the laboratory of the Virology Unit at CIAT inn order to verify viral particles concentration. Once obtained a high concentration of virus particles, the purified were put on a sucrose gradient with density of 10-40 % to increase the purity of the virus which was determined later in the spectrophotometer. The purified obtained was used as antigen in the production of inmunoglobulin by injecting New Zealand rabbits during four weeks by a concentration of 1mg ScYLV/ml. The antiserum was evaluated by ISEM and TBIA. High concentration of virus particles was found by adding 2 % Celluclast 1,5 L. The absorbance A200/A280 was of 1.49 and the approximate viral concentration of 1.87 mg/ml. The antibody produced will be used for serological tests of ISEM and TBIA in the diagnosis of the ScYLV in the sugarcane area of the Cauca Valley

Efficacy and safety evaluation of nilotinib and dasatinib (2G -TKI) on first line treatment in 73 patients with CML-CP outside of clinical trials. Andalusian CML registry (RALMC)

Even though they were approved last June 2011 to be used on first line, it is not a common procedure to begin treatment of CML-CP with 2GTKI, despite it has been demonstrated its efficacy and safety against imatinib on ENESTnd and Dasision clinical trials.N