AGTEC-Org Agronomy Handbook of Methods

A common handbook was conceived in the CORE Organic AGTEC-Org project in order to give some elements of field trial monitoring

Chronic Pregabalin Treatment and Oxycodone Requirement after Spinal Surgery Versus Short Course Perioperative Administration: A Prospective, Nonrandomized Study

International audienceBACKGROUND: Although being controversial, pregabalin (PGB) is proposed during a short perioperative period  to improve pain relief.Comparisons between chronic and short-term users during lumbar spine surgery are lacking. OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to compare opioid requirements and postoperative pain among PGB chronic users and naive patients receiving a 48-hour perioperative administration. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Chronic users (group PGB, n = 39) continued their treatment, naive patients (group C, n = 43) received a dose of 150 mg preoperatively and 75 mg/12 hours for 48 hours. Anesthesia and analgesia were standardized. The primary outcome was the cumulative oxycodone consumption at 24 hours, other outcomes included pain scores, DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions) scores, and side effects. RESULTS: Group PGB consumed less oxycodone at 24 hours (median [interquartile range] 10 mg [10-17.5] vs. 20 mg [10-20], P = 0.013], at 48 hours (15 mg [10-20] vs. 20 mg [12.5-30], P = 0.018), and required less intraoperative remifentanil (P = 0.004). Both groups showed similar pain scores during the 48-hour follow-up and at 3 months.Based on multivariate analysis, chronic users of PGB before surgery exhibited lower oxycodone requirements at 24 hours (odds ratio, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-7.74; P = 0.008]. No differences were noted regarding side effects and DN4 scores. LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized study. CONCLUSIONS: Patients chronically treated with PGB required less opioid when compared with a short perioperative administration before spinal surgery. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these results in spinal surgeries

Impact of Chloroprocaine on the Eligibility for Hospital Discharge in Patients Requiring Ambulatory Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: An Observational Multicenter Prospective Study

International audienceIntroduction: This observational study was designed to assess the use of spinal anesthesia with chloroprocaine in the context of ambulatory surgery. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, observational study was carried out among 33 private or public centers between May 2014 and January 2015 and adult patients, scheduled for a short ambulatory surgery under spinal anesthesia with chloroprocaine. The primary outcomes were anesthetic effectiveness, defined as performance of the whole surgical procedure without any additional anesthetic agent, and the time to achieve eligibility for hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were the effect of chloroprocaine on motor and sensory blocks, patients' satisfaction, and the use of analgesics in the first 24 h after surgery.Results: Among the 615 enrolled patients, 56% were male, the mean age was 47.2 ± 15.2 years, and most patients had an ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) status of 1 (63.7%). Main surgical procedures performed were orthopedic (62.6%) and gynecologic (16.1%), and the mean duration of surgery was 26.7 ± 16.7 min. The overall anesthetic success rate was 93.8% (95% CI [91.5%; 95.6%]) for the 580 patients with available data for primary criteria. The failure rate was lower than 7% for all surgical procedures, except for gynecologic surgery (14.8%; 95% CI [8.1%; 23.9%]). The average times of eligibility for hospital discharge and effective discharge were 252.7 ± 82.7 min and 313.8 ± 109.9 min, respectively. The time of eligibility for hospital discharge is defined as the recovery of the patient's normal clinical parameters and the time of effective discharge is defined as the time for the patient to leave the hospital after surgery. Eligibility for patient's discharge was achieved more rapidly in private than public hospitals (236.3 ± 77.2 min vs. 280.9 ± 80.7 min, respectively, p < 0.001).Conclusions: This study showed positive results on the effectiveness of chloroprocaine as a short-duration anesthetic and could be used to reduce the time to achieve eligibility for hospital discharge

Osteocyte imaging: perspectives using confocal and transmission electron microscopy.

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Factors Determining the Choice of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: Results of a Multicenter Observational Study

International audienceAvailable short-acting intrathecal anesthetic agents (chloroprocaine and prilocaine) offer an alternative to general anesthesia for short-duration surgical procedures, especially ambulatory surgeries. Factors determining the choice of anesthesia for short-duration procedures have not been previously identified.Methods: This observational, prospective, multicenter, cohort study was conducted between July 2015 and July 2016, in 33 private or public hospitals performing ambulatory surgery. The primary objective was to determine the factors influencing the choice of anesthetic technique (spinal or general anesthesia). Secondary outcomes included efficacy of the anesthesia, time to hospital discharge, and patient satisfaction.Results: Among 592 patients enrolled, 309 received spinal anesthesia and 283 underwent general anesthesia. In both study arms, the most frequently performed surgical procedures were orthopedic and urologic (43.3% and 30.7%, respectively); 66.1% of patients were free to choose their type of anesthesia, 21.8% chose one of the techniques because they were afraid of the other, 16.8% based their choice on the expected ease of recovery, 19.2% considered their degree of anxiety/stress, and 16.9% chose the technique on the basis of its efficacy. The median times to micturition and to unassisted ambulation were significantly shorter in the general anesthesia arm compared with the spinal anesthesia arm (225.5 [98; 560] min vs. 259.0 [109; 789] min; p = 0.0011 and 215.0 [30; 545] min vs. 240.0 [40; 1420]; p = 0.0115, respectively). The median time to hospital discharge was equivalent in both study arms. In the spinal anesthesia arm, patients who received chloroprocaine and prilocaine recovered faster than patients who received bupivacaine. The time to ambulation and the time to hospital discharge were shorter (p < 0.001). The overall success rate of spinal anesthesia was 91.6%, and no significant difference was observed between chloroprocaine, prilocaine, and bupivacaine. The patients' global satisfaction with anesthesia and surgery was over 90% in both study arms.Conclusions: Patient's choice, patient fear of the alternative technique, patient stress/anxiety, the expected ease of recovery, and the efficacy of the technique were identified as the main factors influencing patient choice of short-acting local anesthesia or general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia with short-acting local anesthetics was preferred to general anesthesia in ambulatory surgeries and was associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction

A multidisciplinary approach to highlight the mechanisms supporting perceptual interactions in odor mixture

International audienceThe tremendous variety of odors perceived in the environment as well as aromas perceived in food result from the processing of complex chemical mixtures of volatile compounds that should be efficiently processed by the olfactory system. It is known for decades that this processing generates perceptual interactions, such as masking, synergy, or perceptual blending, which contribute to elaborating a synthetic brain representation of the complex chemical information. Nevertheless, the perceptual processes underlying these interactions are still poorly known. In the academic MultiMix research project, we set out a multidisciplinary approach to identify the characteristics of odorants and olfactory receptors (ORs) that could support perceptual interactions. We hypothesized that odorants involved in interactions at the peripheral level should share common structural characteristics to allow the activation of a common set of ORs. To test this hypothesis, we selected 4 model mixtures in which masking (octanal + citronellal [1], isoamyl acetate + whiskey lactone [2]) or blending (pineapple [3], red cordial mixtures [4]) has been reported. We first used the RNA-sequencing approach in mice [5,6] to identify the ORs responding to either single odorants or mixtures. In a second step, we checked if the identified ORs responded to the target odorants using an in vitro cellular assay [1], and if the expected perceptual interactions occurred in vivo through EOG recordings [2] on mice's olfactory mucosa, and sensory evaluation [2] in humans. Finally, we examined through an in silico approach [7,8] the common molecular features between the odorants involved in the mixtures. When combined, the results of this multidisciplinary approach highlighted that perceptual interactions such as masking could rise from competition between odorants at the OR level, but that other interactions such as perceptual blending most likely originate from more central integrative brain processing [9].Références: 1.El Mountassir, F. et al. Flavour Fragrance J, 2016, 31(5), 400‑4072.Chaput, M. et al. Eur J Neurosci, 2012, 35(4), 584‑5973.Le Berre, E., et al. Chem. Senses, 2008. 33(4): p. 389-3954.Romagny, S. et al. Flavour Fragrance J, 2018, 33(1), 97‑1055.Jiang, Y., et al. Nat Neurosci, 2015. 18(10): p. 1446-54.6.Von der Weid, B., et al. Nat Neurosci, 2015. 18(10): p. 1455-637.Tromelin, A. et al. Molecules, 2020, 25(13), 30328.Rugard M. et al. Plos One, 2021, 16(5), e02524869.Thomas-Danguin, T., et al. Front. Psychol., 2014.

Multidisciplinary approach to explore interactions in odor mixture perception

International audienceOdors and aromas perceived in food and in the environment result from the processing of complex chemical mixtures of volatile compounds that should be efficiently processed by the olfactory system. It is known for decades that this processing generates perceptual interactions, such as masking, synergy, or perceptual blending, which contribute to elaborating a synthetic brain representation of the chemical information. Nevertheless, the perceptual processes underlying these interactions are still poorly known. In this project, we set out a multidisciplinary approach to identify the characteristics of odorants and olfactory receptors (ORs) that could support perceptual interactions. We hypothesized that odorants involved in interactions at the peripheral level should share common structural characteristics to allow the activation of a common set of ORs. First, using an RNA-seq approach in mice, we identified the ORs responding to either single odorants or mixtures exhibiting specific perceptual interactions. Then, we confirmed that the target ORs responded to odorants in an in vitro cellular system and that the expected perceptual interactions occurred between the odorants at the olfactory periphery, through EOG recordings on mice’s olfactory mucosa, but also through sensory evaluation in humans. Additionally, a computational study revealed common molecular features between the odorants involved in interactions. When combined, all the results highlight that perceptual interactions such as masking could rise from competition between odorants at the OR level, but that other interactions such as perceptual blending most likely originate from more central integrative brain processing

Multidisciplinary approach to explore interactions in odor mixture perception

Odors and aromas perceived in food and in the environment result from the processing of complex chemical mixtures of volatile compounds that should be efficiently processed by the olfactory system. It is known for decades that this processing generates perceptual interactions, such as masking, synergy, or perceptual blending, which contribute to elaborating a synthetic brain representation of the chemical information. Nevertheless, the perceptual processes underlying these interactions are still poorly known. In this project, we set out a multidisciplinary approach to identify the characteristics of odorants and olfactory receptors (ORs) that could support perceptual interactions. We hypothesized that odorants involved in interactions at the peripheral level should share common structural characteristics to allow the activation of a common set of ORs. First, using an RNA-seq approach in mice, we identified the ORs responding to either single odorants or mixtures exhibiting specific perceptual interactions. Then, we confirmed that the target ORs responded to odorants in an in vitro cellular system and that the expected perceptual interactions occurred between the odorants at the olfactory periphery, through EOG recordings on mice’s olfactory mucosa, but also through sensory evaluation in humans. Additionally, a computational study revealed common molecular features between the odorants involved in interactions. When combined, all the results highlight that perceptual interactions such as masking could rise from competition between odorants at the OR level, but that other interactions such as perceptual blending most likely originate from more central integrative brain processing.Approche multidisciplinaire pour mieux comprendre la première étape de la perception des arômes en mélange