Layered Antiferromagnetism Induces Large Negative Magnetoresistance in the van der Waals Semiconductor CrSBr

The recent discovery of magnetism within the family of exfoliatable van der Waals (vdW) compounds has attracted considerable interest in these materials for both fundamental research and technological applications. However current vdW magnets are limited by their extreme sensitivity to air, low ordering temperatures, and poor charge transport properties. Here we report the magnetic and electronic properties of CrSBr, an air-stable vdW antiferromagnetic semiconductor that readily cleaves perpendicular to the stacking axis. Below its N\'{e}el temperature, $T_N = 132 \pm 1$ K, CrSBr adopts an A-type antiferromagnetic structure with each individual layer ferromagnetically ordered internally and the layers coupled antiferromagnetically along the stacking direction. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) reveal that the electronic gap is $\Delta_E = 1.5 \pm 0.2$ eV with a corresponding PL peak centered at $1.25 \pm 0.07$ eV. Using magnetotransport measurements, we demonstrate strong coupling between magnetic order and transport properties in CrSBr, leading to a large negative magnetoresistance response that is unique amongst vdW materials. These findings establish CrSBr as a promising material platform for increasing the applicability of vdW magnets to the field of spin-based electronics

We\u27re All Jock Tamson\u27s Bairns : Scottish Ethnic Identity and Nationalism in America

This paper explores how Scottish-Americans have contributed to Scottish national dialogues by laying roots for future generations in the form of early ethnic organizations as well as religious and social practices, engaging in discussion about what it means to be both white and ethnic, sustaining forms of traditional culture through Scottish Highland Games, and interpreting their personal experiences with ethnic and national identity as a way of negotiating their relationships with Scottish nationalism. The 2014 referendum on Scottish independence offered historical circumstances that were both relevant and exhilarating to explore these topics under. This exploration incorporates both interview and survey data gathered from Scottish-Americans

Prevention, incidence, and survival of cervical cancer in Sweden

Cervical cancer is preventable by screening. In 1967, Sweden introduced a cervical screening program. Screening for high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV), the causative factor of cervical cancer, is more sensitive than cytology and can be performed as a self-sample. Non-attendance to screening is a large risk factor for cervical cancer. Self-samples may improve screening attendance. The aims of this thesis were: To analyze if the cervical screening program in Sweden can be improved by using vaginal self-samples and an HPV mRNA assay, with the main focus on screening non-attendees. To obtain knowledge if cervical cancer incidence and survival has changed since the implementation of the screening program. Study I: Incidence and net survival according to morphology, age, and stage at diagnosis among women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer between 1960 and 2014 were calculated. The age-standardized incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) decreased until the year 2000, while the incidence of adenocarcinoma (ADC) increased continuously. Age-standardized 5-year net survival increased. SCC and ADC did not statistically differ in net survival after 2012. Among women >75 years, long-term net survival has decreased since 1960. Study II: The sensitivity and specificity of vaginal and urine self-samples compared to cervical samples analyzed by Aptima HPV mRNA assay were evaluated in a referral population. The sensitivity for detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions /adenocarcinoma in situ/cancer was 85.5% for the vaginal self-sample, 44.8% for the urinary sample, 100.0% for the cervical sample and 81.7% for cytology. Study III-V: Screening non-attendees or women in the upper age screening limit were sent a vaginal self-sampling kit by mail. In study III, 1,000 women, aged 69-70 years, received a kit. In study IV and V, 6,023 and 19,766 women, aged 30-70 years, received a kit. Returned samples were analyzed for HPV mRNA by Aptima assay. HPV-positive women were invited to follow-up. The response rate of the self-sample was 43.3%, 13.2% and 18.5% for study III, IV and V respectively. The HPV prevalence was 6.2% in study III, and no cases of high-grade dysplasia/cancer were diagnosed. The HPV prevalence was 9.9% and 11.3% in study IV and V respectively. In study IV, the prevalence of cervical cancer was almost seven times higher compared to organized screening, but in study V the prevalence of cancer was not increased. Conclusion: This thesis demonstrated that the incidence of SCC, but not ADC, has decreased since 1960. SCC and ADC did not statistically differ in net survival after 2012. The decreased long-term net survival among women >75 years of age suggests the need for prolonged HPV screening up to 75 years of age. Self-sampling is a promising method since it was accepted among women 69-70 years old, and it increased the attendance to cervical screening by almost one fifth among non-attendees. A vaginal HPV self-sample analyzed by Aptima mRNA assay showed a similar sensitivity as routine cytology and may be used to reach screening non-attendees. Among screening non-attendees and women in the upper age screening limit, around one in 10-20 tested positive for HPV mRNA, with risk of development of cervical dysplasia, although the prevalence of cervical cancer varied between the studies

Roundtable: Exposing Shadow Culture for Transformative Learning

Discussion will be based from the proposed transformative learning framework lesson materials to determine 1) whether a critical event can be expected from material exposure; 2) how long disorientation is likely to ensue based on previous knowledge; and 3) best classroom techniques to manage individuals’ transformative learning needs within group instruction. Instruction materials include historical timelines, extent of exposure around the world, and sketches of prime examples for comparison and are structured as an observation inquiry project for learners to determine the prevalence of astrology as a socially constructed shadow culture influence

Life and Death: Spiritual Philosophy in Anna Karenina

This paper examines the structure, title, epigraph, and spiritual philosophy of Leo Tolstoy’s great novel, Anna Karenina. The intricate structure of the novel can leave more questions than it answers, and as the novel was written at such a critical, complex time of Tolstoy’s life, the ideas the characters struggle with in Anna Karenina are of both daily and cosmic importance. Considering influences and criticism of the novel, the method of Tolstoy’s vision of living well as shown in Anna Karenina leads to a very specific and intricate spiritual philosophy. It is also found that the novel’s structure and title are in conflict

Far From Home: Consumption and Personalization in College Dorms

For many traditional college students, their campus is the first “home” they will ever choose for themselves. Their dormitories or residence halls are the first spaces they will ever personalize as young adults. This paper examines those personalization processes, and the resulting navigations of institutional control, identity, and reconceptualization of home within the college student population. Data were collected through eight interviews and dormitory tours conducted with full-time campus residents at Winthrop University in Rock Hill, South Carolina. The resulting analyses examined the systematic process of personalizing a dorm room, and how that process is affected by the institution and issues around privacy as a university student. The broader implications of this paper lie in its understanding of how the future generation of homemakers construct identity, and how future consumer values become transmittable elements as college becomes a necessity and a commodity all its own. This research was limited because data came from the student body of only one university; future research should be conducted with additional universities to strengthen the validity of this study