An Assessment of Risk Attitude of Dairy Farmers in Uttaranchal (India)

The study was carried out in the Tarai area of Uttaranchal state to (i) identify the sources of risks perceived to be relevant by the farmers, (ii) examine farmers risk attitude, (iii) identify the factors that affect risk attitudes and (iv) evaluate the relative importance of different risk management strategies. Adverse effect on family health was perceived as a major source of risk by the dairy farmers, indicating the crucial role that surplus family labour plays in dairy farming in India. Lack of institutional support in dairying was also perceived to be a major source risk. Farmers risk attitude was measured using an attitudinal scale approach. The attitudinal scale consisted of a series of different risk management strategies and the farmers attitude was measured by his rating of each of those strategies. The analysis establishes a refined 22-item scale that can be applied by researchers to measure the risk attitude of dairy farm ers in Indian context. The refined scale has high degree of reliability as farmers responses to the items of the scale revealed a communal variation of 85%, which is higher than the minimally acceptable range of 65% to 70%. The study further revealed slight degree of risk aversion among farmers as revealed by the adoption such risk management tools like vaccinating the animals, calling a veterinarian, prevention of illness, maintaining hygienic conditions, and feeding adequate concentrates. Hence, there is a strong tendency on the part of the farmers to mitigate the production risks at farm level by adapting appropriate measures. But, a certain degree of risk taking behaviour was also seen in regard to certain risk management tools, especially livestock insurance. Regression analysis to ascertain relationship between socio-economic factors with risk attitudes, revealed largely insignificant influence of the variables considered in the study. Herd size and hours spent in off-farm work showed negative and significant impact upon the risk attitude score. Number of dependents showed significant and positive relationship with the total score. The variables included in the study explained 54.5 per cent of variation in risk attitude score. As regards to relative importance of different risk management tools, carrying adequate cash reserve was cited by the farmers as relevant, which is against the general perception that Indian farmers, mostly being subsistent can not afford to hold cash reserve to meet future crisis.Livestock Production/Industries,

One-Dimensional Velocity Model of Sikkim Himalayan Region

A preliminary one-dimensional (1D) velocity model for Sikkim region has been developed using P- and S- wave travel-time data. The work has been performed in Seisan by taking 276 local earthquake events. Out of 276 events 76 best events has been selected for inversion. Most of the earthquake events are concentrated in depth range 10 to 40 km. The 1D velocity model obtained for the study region has six uniform layers with interfaces at depths of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 km with P wave velocity of 5.23, 5.35, 5.85, 6.59, 7.49, and 8.03 km/sec and S-wave velocity of 3.03, 3.08, 3.38, 3.37, 4.19, 4.61 km/sec, respectively. Mainly the events are more clustered in the area lying between latitude 27.2°N to 27.8°N and 88°E to 88.6°E, which shows high seismotectonic activity in the area due to the strain accumulation caused by dipping of Indian plate under the Eurasian plate. From velocity model it can be observed that largest velocity occurs at a depth of 40 km which shows the major lithological variation at this depth. The approximate thickness of the upper crust (granitic layer) is around 30km which can be noticed from the velocity data. The analysis depicts that the layers with thickness range 10-20 km and P wave velocity 5.35 km/s and thickness range 30-40 km with P wave velocity 6.59 km/s contains 19 hypocenter within them. This study will play a vital role in the assessment of regional tectonics, earthquake hazards and will provide evidence of the evolutionary model of the Sikkim Himalayan region. Keywords: Velocity model, Sikkim Himalayan region, Regional tectonic, Earthquake hazards, Evolutionary mode

Understanding the Socio-Economic Dynamics of the Marginalized Meo Community in Ujina Village of Nuh District, Haryana

This study investigates the socio-economic dynamics of the marginalized Meo community in Ujina village, Nuh District, Haryana, a historically disadvantaged group facing systemic exclusion. The objectives are to examine the community's socio-economic status, focusing on factors such as income, employment, education, and social mobility, and to identify the challenges and resilience patterns within the community. The research employs a quantitative methodology, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques to select 120 participants. Data collection involved face-to-face in-depth interviews and electronic surveys, analyzed using SPSS 27.0.1 software. Bivariate analysis was conducted to explore relationships among socio-economic variables. Findings reveal significant gender disparity, with males constituting 64.1% of the sample. Education levels are low, with 72.5% lacking formal education, affecting socio-economic mobility. Employment data indicate a heavy reliance on agriculture (44.1%), with minimal representation in formal sector jobs (2.5%). The income distribution shows a modest economic standing, with the majority earning between 30,000 and 39,999 rupees monthly. Correlation analyses suggest that higher educational attainment is linked to better occupational opportunities and greater participation in household decision-making; although the impact on mobility and asset ownership is limited. This research highlights the compounded effects of historical marginalization and systemic discrimination on the Meo community. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve educational access, enhance skill development, and create economic opportunities to foster social inclusion and economic empowerment for this marginalized group

A Literary Review on Pandu Roga

In Ayurvedic classics, the description of Pandu is available in three forms i.e., Pandu as a disease, Pandu as a complication, and Pandu as a sign of certain diseases. Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda characterised by changes in the skin colour to white (Shweta), yellowish (Peeta), greenish (Harita) etc. which is one of the “Varnopalakshita Roga" i.e., a disease characterised by the change in the colour. Pandu is a disease of Rasa-Vaha Srotas and it is a Pitta Pradhan Vyadhi in which due to Pitta Pradhan Hetusevana, Pitta dominant Tri Dosha Prakopa occurs and causes Dhatu Shaithilyam and Dhatu Gauravam, further it leads Sneha, Bala, Varna, and Ojokshaya and due to this Rakta and Meda Dhatu decreases and Vaivarnata occurs. The clinical condition of Pandu in Ayurveda resembles the anaemia described in Modern Medical Science, due to the resemblance in the clinical signs and symptoms. Anaemia is a major global public health problem and the most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder in the world and has serious consequences for national development. This article discusses anaemia (Pandu) from an Ayurvedic perspective

A review article in the role of liver function test in Annavahasrotas Vyadhi (Ajirna & Amlapitta)

A person's diet and food patterns play a significant role in their overall health and well-being. Unhealthy food patterns can contribute to the development of various lifestyle disorders and chronic diseases. In current modern scenario we see a large proportion of population is affected by Gastric disorders. Unhealthy and incompatible foods, drinks, unhygienic lifestyle lead to disturbance in Agni and GI functions in human, and also harming the most powerful organ which is also seat of Agni i.e., Yakrit. Liver perform and govern majority of metabolic activities but when it get damages the Bhutagni Paak Kriya’s disturbance leads to disrupted state of Agni, then two main disorder related to Annavahasrotas Vyadhi mentioned i.e., Ajirna and Amlapitta occurs. Acharya Sushrut has stated Pitta and Agni are same as the Karma and features of Pitta and Agni are equivalent hence in Ajirna and Amlapitta disease we can see sign of hepatic damage in Liver Biomarkers (LFT)

A Proposed DDS Enabled Model for Data Warehouses with Real Time Updates

Data warehouse generally contains both types of data i.e. historical & current data from various data sources. Data warehouse in world of computing can be defined as system created for analysis and reporting of these both types of data. These analysis report is then used by an organization to make decisions which helps them in their growth. Construction of data warehouse appears to be simple, collection of data from data sources into one place (after extraction, transform and loading). But construction involves several issues such as inconsistent data, logic conflicts, user acceptance, cost, quality, security, stake holder’s contradictions, REST alignment etc. These issues need to be overcome otherwise will lead to unfortunate consequences affecting the organization growth. Proposed model tries to solve these issues such as REST alignment, stake holder’s contradiction etc. by involving experts of various domains such as technical, analytical, decision makers, management representatives etc. during initialization phase to better understand the requirements and mapping these requirements to data sources during design phase of data warehouse

A survey study on Traditional Food Pattern of Kandhamal and Boudh District (Odisha)

Ayurveda is an ancient science of life science since time immemorial and it was developed more than 3000 years ago. It’s based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the body, mind, and spirit. Ayurveda, apart from providing various therapeutic measures for diseases, emphasizes maintenance, promotion of health, and prevention of diseases through diet and lifestyle regimens. In Ayurveda food, sleep, and celibacy are considered as the three supports (Traya Upastambha) of life.  Food is the best among things that sustain life and it has been given prime importance for health. No medicine is equivalent to food. It is possible to make a person disease-free and healthy with just a proper diet. Traditional foods are foods and dishes that are passed on from generation to generation on have been consumed for many generations. For growth and development as well as maintain of health, nutritional food is highly required. So that scholar wants to know about what are the traditional food pattern and what is the status of health by taking traditional food pattern

End result of physical exercise with pathological increase in Lactic Acid

Ayurveda advises adhering to the practices described by our Acharyas for well being. Ritucharya offers guidance on food plans that are suitable for overcoming the effects of seasonal fluctuations. We must adhere to the Ayurvedic prescriptions in order to maintain our mental, physical, and nutritional wellness. Between around mid-May and mid-July is the Grishma (summer) season. It is common for the ecosystem to experience intense heat and dangerous wind, and then comes the rain with heat and humidity thus the strength of individual gets decreased. According to Acharya Charak, the Vayayam is stated in Sutra Shana 7/31, which mentions that keeping the body in accordance with will power through engaging in Yogasana. For the appropriate maintenance of physical health many Acharya have explained that in Grishma Ritu exercise should be performed at half the level of actual strength and up to when sweet appear on forehead. The body's lactic acid levels rise during activity, which causes an oxygen level reduction. Exercise-induced lactic acidosis is often a temporary condition. The body's pH level drops to 7.4 to 6.6. Lactic acid levels are decreased by vitamin C, magnesium, and drinking water. Exercise also causes lactic acid levels to drop after an hour. There are many ill effect of excess lactic acid on different organs as liver, kidney, lungs, heart, muscle etc. Any source of sea food, as well as beans, leafy greens, nuts and seeds, salmon, fish and mackerel, keeps the amount of lactic acid stable

A Blockchain-based Framework for Transparent Medical supply in Covid-19 Pandemic

The sudden occurrence of COVID-19 has made the world into big trouble. It is known that COVID-19 is a highly contagious and deadly virus. People initially infected have no symptoms, while some people are showing no symptoms. In this pandemic the government has showed a strong interest in a smartphone contact monitoring software that can assist in automating of discovering all recent contacts of newly discovered sick people. In this article, we are proposing our app covid suraksha yantra. We have used React for the frontend framework and node js for backend framework. We have given certain 5 quizzes about covid-19 compared to other recently developed apps. Comparative analysis of   various application developed for Covid-19 has been studied and a clear overview of these application has been presented in this article and finally we have introduced a blockchain framework known as Covid-19 Suraksha Yantra for medical supply. In this website we also provide the details of slots available for Covid vaccine with proper address, availability, duration, fee Type. We will also provide tracking of medicine across India with the help of blockchain technology

Psychological Well-being of Elderly Left-Behind Parents of Namdhari Sikh Migrants in Ellenabad Block, Sirsa: A Narrative Analysis

This study examines the psychological well-being of left-behind parents of Namdhari Sikh migrants from the Ellenabad block in Sirsa district, Haryana. The migration of young adults for work, education, or family reasons has profound effects not only on the migrants but also on the parents who remain behind. This paper presents findings from a sample of 100 households, through non-random sampling, with qualitative data gathered from 10 in-depth interviews. The study reveals the emotional, psychological, and social consequences for left-behind parents, highlighting feelings of loneliness, anxiety, depression, and the shifting dynamics within the family. Coping mechanisms employed by the parents, such as religious practices, farming, and social support, are also explored. Recommendations for mental health interventions are discussed