The blood glucose lowering effect of Malaysian Tinospora crispa in rats

Diabetes is defined as a chronic hyperglycemia which should be countered by the effective, safe and readily available hypoglycemic agents. Herbal is among alternatives that has been used by society for years but lacks of documented evidences. Tinospora crispa (TC) is enriched by phytochemicals which potentially reduce blood glucose thus is useful for diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the potency of TC inreducing blood sugar and body weight. It involved 30 healthy rats divided into 5 groups namely: normal control, normal fed with TC extract, diabetic, TC-treated diabetic (dose 500 mg/kg w/w), and vitamin E-traeted diabetic rats (60 IU). The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured each week for 1 month. The administration of TC extract 500 mg/kg (w/w) helps to maintain body weight in diabetic rats and reduce the fasting blood glucose. TC is highly potent as hypoglycemic agents therefore needed to be explored further

Retention of Knowledge in Preclinical Disciplines by Clinical Students in the IIUM Medical Programme

Introduction: A thorough knowledge in the various disciplines of the basic sciences is a major importance for the practice of clinical medicine. Many basic sciences teachers share a common concern that much of what they teach in preclinical phase is soon forgotten when students move to clinical years. Objective: To examine the retention of such knowledge by clinical students in the Medical Programme of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Methods: Sixty seven Year 3 and 64 Year 5 students undergoing the Paediatric posting rotation of the academic sessions 2011/2012 were included into this study. Open-ended, short-answer questions of the completion type in the disciplines of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and general pathology constructed by experts were used. These questions were used to test the retention of the above stated knowledge. Self-administered questionnaire was also designed to obtain the perceptions of students on the learning of basic medical sciences. Results: A significant difference was seen between the mean total scores for the Year 3 and Year 5 students in the basic medical sciences knowledge tests (31.9% vs. 37.7%; p = 0.002). Year 5 students showed significantly higher retention of knowledge on anatomy and biochemistry (p<0.001 and p=0.021). Overall in approximately 50% of the questions students indicated that they knew the answers but could not recall. Seventy percent of students stated that they only attempted to retain facts that they perceived as important. Almost all the students (96.2%) agreed that they remembered information better due to vertical integration in the curriculum. Conclusions: This study did not see deterioration in the retention of knowledge in basic medical sciences as the clinical students progress through clinical years. Students stated that the integration of knowledge in basic medical sciences disciplines into the clinical sciences during the preclinical years helped them remember facts better

Retention of Knowledge in Preclinical Disciplines by Clinical Students in the IIUM Medical Programme

Introduction: A thorough knowledge in the various disciplines of the basic sciences is a major importance for the practice of clinical medicine. Many basic sciences teachers share a common concern that much of what they teach in preclinical phase is soon forgotten when students move to clinical years. Objective: To examine the retention of such knowledge by clinical students in the Medical Programme of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Methods: Sixty seven Year 3 and 64 Year 5 students undergoing the Paediatric posting rotation of the academic sessions 2011/2012 were included into this study. Open-ended, short-answer questions of the completion type in the disciplines of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and general pathology constructed by experts were used. These questions were used to test the retention of the above stated knowledge. Self-administered questionnaire was also designed to obtain the perceptions of students on the learning of basic medical sciences. Results: A significant difference was seen between the mean total scores for the Year 3 and Year 5 students in the basic medical sciences knowledge tests (31.9% vs. 37.7%; p = 0.002). Year 5 students showed significantly higher retention of knowledge on anatomy and biochemistry (p<0.001 and p=0.021). Overall in approximately 50% of the questions students indicated that they knew the answers but could not recall. Seventy percent of students stated that they only attempted to retain facts that they perceived as important. Almost all the students (96.2%) agreed that they remembered information better due to vertical integration in the curriculum. Conclusions: This study did not see deterioration in the retention of knowledge in basic medical sciences as the clinical students progress through clinical years. Students stated that the integration of knowledge in basic medical sciences disciplines into the clinical sciences during the preclinical years helped them remember facts better

ROLE OF EDUCATION IN WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN MYANMAR

education with primary level, women’s occupation, wife’s income compared with husband’s income, ownership of house, women’s age, number of living children, place of residence and region (Taninthayi, Bago, Rakhine, Yangon and Shan). Based on the results found in this study, women’s education with higher level have positive impact on the women’s empowerment. Therefore, it can concluded that women’s education is key factor of female labor force participation in Myanmar. The study used data from Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey to assess the role of education on women’s empowerment in Myanmar. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression are used for analysis. The result from descriptive statistics showed that women’s empowerment is mostly differ by socio-economic and demographic factors. The result of Pearson’s Chi-Square statistic revealed that the existence of association between women’s empowerment and its covariates. According to the multinomial logistic regression results, women’s age, number of living children, women head of household, wife’s income compared with husband’s income and ownership of house have significant impact on women’s empowerment. In addition the evidence of this results, positive relationship are observed between women’s empowerment and women’s education with higher level, husban

Enhancing Security with the Combination of DCT &amp; 3DES

Information security is becoming more importantin data storage and transmission. Because of widelyused images in security process, it is the importantconfidential image data from unauthorized access.The original image was converted by using twodimensional transform and encryption 3DES withtwo keys. This system presented a transformationalgorithm based on the image cosine transformationand a well known encryption and decryptionalgorithm called 3DES. This paper also analyzed theimage encryption algorithms DCT and 3DES. Theoriginal image is encrypted after the transformationprocess. In this approach to reduce the computationalrequirements for huge volume of images andresulting high speed transformation and encryptionsystem

Pattern and variations of the posterior interosseous artery of forearms in human adults

Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limb have been observed frequently, either in routine dissections or in clinical practice. Understanding of the vascular patterns of forearm and hand is necessary for microsurgical techniques in reconstruction of hand and upper extremity. To identify the variations of the posterior interosseous artery of forearm including the anastomosis patterns. Total 100 forearms were dissected. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS for windows standard version release 11.5 statistical software. Posterior interosseous artery (PIA) originated from the common interosseous artery (78%) and ulnar artery (22%). The distal end of PIA anastomosed with the posterior branch of anterior interosseous artery in the form of an arch at dorsal side of the wrist 1.9-2.2 cm above the head of ulna. On both sides, the anastomotic arch terminated by giving branch only to the ulnar head (14%), only to the dorsal carpal arch (38%) ,to the unlar head and dorsal carpal arch (45%), to the ulnar head, dorsal carpal arch and radius (1%)respectively. The branch to dorsal carpal arch passed through fifth extensor compartment of the hand. Absence of anastomosis between anterior and posterior interosseous arteries was 2%. This study confirms that the anastomosis between interosseous arteries regarded as an important and significant anatomical feature both academically and clinically. The various anastomotic patterns of posterior interosseous artery are of great help clinically for applying the interosseous skin flaps in plastic and reconstructive surgery of the hand

Performance Study of Designed Single Suction Centrifugal Pump by Increasing Face Width at the Speed of Impeller

This paper presents the performance of single-suction centrifugal pump use in irrigation and agriculture. The mentioned parameters are the designed of centrifugal pump with face width 12 mm. This paper focus mainly on the performance of centrifugal pump for 18 mm face width variation only as the existing designed with 12 mm face width.  This paper is not doing the design and calculation for 18 mm face width. Type of pump is single stage centrifugal pump with closed impeller and 12 mm face width impeller can develop a head of 20 m and deliver 0.015 m3/s of water at 1800 rpm. This impeller has 99 mm inlet diameter, 226 mm outlet diameter, 20° inlet vane angle and 23° outlet vane angle. The number of vanes is 6 and input shaft power is 6 hp. The inlet width and outlet width are 26 mm and 18 mm respectively. The discharge diameter is 80 mm to operate the designed head and capacity. The performance study of 12 mm face width impeller and 18 mm face width impeller are also presented at constant speed. According to observations, theoretical head is about 15 m and experimental head is 11.24 m, by mean of flow rate in theoretically about 57% and actually 50% maximum at 25.17 L/sec capacity. In this study, the performance of 18 mm face width pump is more efficient than 12 mm face width pump at speed 1450 rpm.

The Impact of Credit Policy on Rice Production in Myanmar

Rural finance has long been an important tool for poverty reduction and rural development by donors and governments, but the impacts have been controversial. Measuring impact is challenging due to identification problems caused by selection bias and governments’ targeted interventions, while randomised trial data are scarce and limited to contexts where little to no rural finance exists. Using an author-collected dataset, we provide insights on a large-scale long-lasting sub- sidised rice credit programme in Myanmar, one of the poorest and, until recently, most economical ly isolated countries in Asia. Identification relies on a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, exploiting an arbitrary element to the credit provision rule which is based on rice landholding size. Although we find little evidence that rice yield or output is increased, we do see that the programme has some positive effects on total household income, suggesting a positive spillover effect on other farm income activities