INDIVIDUAL HUMAN SERA RESPONSE AGAINST PROTEIN EXTRACTS FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF Aedes aegypti

The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a complex mixture of biologically active proteins. These proteins may modify hemostatic responses and induce both cellular immunity and the production of specific antibodies, and thus influence the transmission of its pathogens from arthropods vector to human host. Aedes aegypti is the main vector for transmission of dengue viruses into human. The objective of this study was to examine individual human sera response against protein extracts from salivary gland of Ae aegypti that mediate the infection of dengue viruses. We did a cross reaction test of human sera from healthy people in endemic and non-endemic area, and dengue patients againts SGE of Ae. aegypti to distinguish and to identify the immunogenic proteins using Western Blot Analysis. About 15 protein bands of SGE from Ae. aegypti ranging from 15 kDa up to 255 kDa were identified on 12% SDS-PAGE. Seven dominant bands were detected, i.e ~255, 56, 42, 31, 27, 26 and 15 kDa. Two immunogenic proteins, as represented by two bands, i.e. ~31 and 56 kDa were found only in samples from people who were previously exposed to mosquitoes bites, and not in people who had not been exposed. Therefore, these immunogenic salivary proteins may serve as indicators for the immune response in human against protein from salivary gland of Ae. aegypti.Keywords: immunogenic proteins, salivary gland, Aedes aegypt

EFEK PAPARAN GLUKOSA KONSENTRASI TINGGI TERHADAP PENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS ISOZIM PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC)-ALPHA PADA KULTUR SEL STROMA PROSTAT

OBJECTIVE: To prove that glucose treatment in human prostatic stromal cells (HPSC) culture would increase PKC alpha isozyme activity. MaterialS & Methods: Primary cultures of HPSC were obtained from patients with bladder outlet obstruction caused by benign prostatic enlargement. The effects of various concentrations of glucose (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 micro-Mol) on PKC-alpha isozyme activity were examined quantitatively by spectrophotometry methods. ResultS: Spectrophotometry analysis, which is used to assess isozyme activity quantitatively, showed that exposures to various doses of glucose resulted in increased isozyme activity. The increment of activity is linear with the increment of glucose dose. There is a strong correlation between glucose doses and PKC-alpha activity, with R2 = 0,91. Conclusion: At different concentrations glucose increases PKC-alpha isozyme activity of HPSC

Isolation and Identification of Transforming Growth Factor β from In Vitro Matured Cumulus Oocyte Complexes

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a two-chain polypeptide with molecular weight of 25 kDa which takes significant role in the steroidogenesis process. In the ovarian oocyte in particular, TGF-β has an important role in regulating reproductive function. TGF-β represents a key intrafollicular protein that regulates follicle development and aromatization process. The purpose of this research was to characterize and identify a protein fraction of TGF-β from the bovine isolated oocytes, which is synthesized during in vitro oocyte maturation process. Oocytes were collected from follicles with diameter of 3-8 mm. Oocytes were then matured in TCM 199 media supplemented with 5 μg/mg LH, 3% BSA, and 50 μg/ml gentamicin sulfate, and cultured in CO2 incubator (5%, 38.5 oC) for 20 hours. TGF-β receptors were identified immunohistochemically. Characteristics of the TGF-β protein were determined using SDS PAGE and TGF-β specification was tested using Western Blotting. The results showed that TGF-β receptors were identified and found in cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). TGF-β protein was isolated from bovine oocytes with molecular weight 25 kDa and it was identified by Western blotting methods in the same molecular weight

KONDISI OPTIMUM ENZIM LIPASE KASAR DARI KENTOS KELAPA (Optimum Conditions Of Rough Lipase Enzym from Coconut Houstorium )

P { margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; } Abstract This research learn about optimum condition (temperature, pH and incubation time). Lipase isolated from coconut houstorium. Houstorium was taken from coconut that has been grew for 30 days in the darkplace and rate temperature. Determination of optimum conditionswas done by examination the lipase activity in variation condition of temperature (30 – 80 oC), pH (6 – 8,5) and incubation time (30 – 210 minutes). The results showed that optimum condition of lipase isolated from coconut houstorium were 60 oC, pH 7 and 90 minutes.   Key word : Lipases, houstorium, coconut, optimum condition.   Abstrak Penelitian ini mempelajari kondisi optimum (suhu, pH dan lama inkubasi) lipase dari kentos buah kelapa. Kentos diperoleh dari kelapa yang telah ditunaskan selama 30 hari di tempat gelap pada suhu ruang. Penentuan kondisi optimum dilakukan dengan menguji aktivitas enzim lipase pada variasi suhu inkubasi (30 – 80 oC). kemudian variasi pH mulai 6 – 8,5 dan lama inkubasi antara 30 – 210 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum terdapat pada suhu 60 oC, pH 7 dan lama inkubasi 90 menit.   Kata Kunci : Lipase, Kentos Kelapa, Kondisi optimu

AKTIVITAS HIDROLISIS ENZIM LIPASE DARI KENTOS KELAPA TERHADAP MINYAK KELAPA Hidrolysis Activity of Lipase Enzyme from Coconut Houstorium for Coconut Oil

This research was aimed to study hydrolysis conditions of houstorium lipases enzyme using coconut oil as substrate. Hydrolysis conditions studied were substrate (coconut oil) concentration, enzyme substrate ratio, duration of hydro- lysis and effect of stirring to hydrolysis. The results show  that lipase of coconut houstorium may be optimally used at a coconut oil concentration of 10 %, enzyme to substrate ratio of 3 : 10 (v/v) and hydrolysis for 60 minutes with stirring. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mempelajari kondisi hidrolisis minyak kelapa yang optimum menggunakan enzim lipase dari kentos kelapa. Kondisi hidrolisis yang dipelajari meliputi konsentrasi substrat optium, perbandingan enzim : substrat dan lama hidrolisis yang optimum serta pengaruh pengadukan selama hidrolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, hidrolisis minyak kelapa menggunakan enzim lipase kentos kelapa menghasilkan asam lemak bebas paling banyak pada kon- sentrasi substrat (minyak kelapa) 10 %, perbandingan enzim : substrat yaitu 3 : 10 (v/v), lama hidroloisa 60 menit dan dilakukan pengadukan selama hidrolisis

Penentuan Epitop Pregnancy Specific Protein B (PSPB) Untuk Model Pengembangan Tes Diagnostik Kebuntingan Mamalia

Perkembangan populasi ternak ruminansia seterti sapi, kambing dan domba di Indonesia belum mencapai keadaan yang menggembirakan bahkan cenderung menurun. Propinsi Jawa Timur sejak tahun 1999 sampai 2003 terjadi penurunan populasi ternak besar yaitu kuda turun 3.24 %, sapi perah 5.86 %, kerbau 5 % sedangkan sapi potong naik 0.02 %. Demikian juga untuk kebutuhan konsumsi susu nasional masih jauh dari cukup. Kebutuhan konsumsi susu nasional pada tahun 2006 sebesar 896.791 ton/tahun. Sedangkan produksi susu nasional pertahun sebesar 577.626 ton, sehingga masih terdapat kekurangan produksi susu nasional sebesar 319.165 ton/tahun (Direktur Jendral Peternakan, 2005

Hypoxic Preconditioning For Viable and Self Renewing Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Mscs) As The Regeneration of Spermatogenesis Process

The aim of this research was to obtain MSCs that were viable and self renewing for spermatogenesis process by a treatment of hypoxic precondition in vitro culture. In this research, hypoxic precondition was the use of 1% O2 concentration which was compared to those of culture under normoxic (21% O2) condition. Flowcytometric analysis showed that in MSCs culture under 1% O2 concentration, the level of CD90+ and CD34- were not altered (remained undifferentiated), meanwhile under 21% O2 concentration, cells have experienced alteration (became differentiated), that was indicated by the down regulation of CD90+ and up regulation of CD34-. Immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence analysis showed that under 1% O2 concentration, MSCs culture expressed transcription factors, such as OCT4 and SOX2, meanwhile under 21% O2 concentration, the transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 (self renewal function), were not expressed. In conclusion, this research showed that hypoxic preconditioning with 1% O2 concentration very supported MSCs to remain viable before transplantation for spermatogenesis disorder, because the cells still undifferentiated and self renewal capacity was maintained