Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Dalam Mengelola Areal Bekas Ladang Berpindah Di Desa Sehe Lusur Kecamatan Kuala Behe Kabupaten Landak the Comunity of Local Wisdom in Managing Used-areas of Shifting Cultivation in Sehe Lusur Village Sub District of Kuala Beh

Research on local wisdom in managing used-areas of shifting cultivation in Sehe Lusur Village, sub district of Kuala Behe District of Landak. The aims to determine the shape of local wisdom in managing used-areas of shifting cultivation and to determine the the influence factors such as: age, knowledge, education, perception, lenght of stay and villagers experiences. The samples were using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through a descriptive method in the form of a survey with interview techniques. Data were analyzed with chi-square. The research showed that in those areas people planted some useful crops and perennials by intercropping. The lands managed traditionally and no special treatment. They rely on soil fertility and work together or mutual cooperation (pengari). The yields are partially self-consumed and sold. There were differences in the frequency rate of local wisdom in managing those areas. The frequencies were tend to moderate. The level of knowledge factor showed a real relationship, education showed a strong relationship; whereas factors of age, perception, length of stay and work experience do not indicate a real relationship with the local wisdom in managing the used-areas of shifting cultivation areas. Keywords: local wisdom, villagers, used-areas of shifting cultivation, forest areas, mix farm

Effective Planning Strategies: A Key Component for Implementation of Automation in Academic Libraries

Academic library, as a dynamic, vital organ in an organization or institution of higher learning, plays an important role in the academic programmes in selecting, organizing and disseminating of information to enrich the curriculum; it is deeply affected by the information technology revolution.  Therefore, the need for effective planning strategies in meeting the demand of the present society in transforming the library into new information service centre becomes pertinent. The focus and aim of the paper is to provide steps to be adopted in the implementation of automated library services particularly in Nigeria. Strategies are the focus of all planning processes and it incorporates purpose, policies, programmes, actions, decisions, collaborations and resource allocation. The study also focused on automation activities as the core management preparation or analytical process of identifying of objectives, effectiveness/ineffectiveness in the context of implementation. The study recommended among others in its conclusion, that librarians or information managers should see the steps, factors and the planning process as provided in the study as a way to eliminate wastage of resources, other sources of funding of the project have also been proffered. Keyword: Automation, Planning, Strategies, Library, and Components

Evaluation of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Laterite-Metakaolin Mixtures for Solid Waste Leachate Containment

This paper presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the benefits of using metakaolin (MK) with laterite as liner material for containment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Laboratory tests were conducted on laterite specimens treated with MK at concentrations of 0 - 20 % by weight of the soil and compacted using four types of compaction energies. Hydraulic conductivity was determined based on permeation of the compacted laterite - MK mixtures with deionized water (DW) and municipal solid waste leachate (MSWL), respectively. Deionized water was the reference permeant fluid.  The results showed that hydraulic conductivity generally decreased with increase in the percentage addition of MK to the soil. From an economic and sustainability point of view, it has been found from the results that 5 % MK can be added to soil and compacted at moulding water content of 14.1 % using the West African Standard (WAS) compaction energy to achieve the regulatory hydraulic conductivity of less than or equal to 1 x 10-9 m/s for compacted soil liner. The natural logarithm of the hydraulic conductivity experimental results were computed and used to develop regression equations for estimating hydraulic conductivity given MK contents and compaction energies. The results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test carried out at 5 % level of significance showed that calculated F-statistics are statistically significant and the measured values of hydraulic conductivity compare well with the predicted values. The developed models can therefore be used to give good estimates of hydraulic conductivity of soils having similar properties with the laterite investigated in this study. Therefore, the developed models can be used to give good estimates of hydraulic conductivity of soils having similar properties with the laterite investigated in this study. Keywords ­_ Deionized water, Hydraulic conductivity, Leachate, Metakaolin, Municipal solid waste

Assessing Agroforestry Strategies for Poverty Alleviation Amongst Buffer Zone Communities of Cross River National Park, Nigeria

National Parks and Protected Areas are at the core of global strategies applied to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and informed the creation of Cross River National Park (CRNP) in Nigeria, in 1991. In order to address the problem of frequent trespass into the park’s territory for livelihoods (income generating) activities by buffer zone communities, a buffer zone agroforestry program was introduced about three decades ago.  Agroforestry strategies applied include riparian buffers, improved fallows, and inter-cropping activities. Through document research and participatory rural appraisal exercises (e.g. historical timeline analysis, focus group discussions, interviews, field observations and resource mapping), the study assesses the impact of the program vis-à-vis poverty alleviation in buffer zone communities and the achievement of the biodiversity conservation objectives of the park. Findings reveal enhanced rural income generation from agroforestry products e.g. sale of cocoa, palm oil, citrus, bush mango (irvingia gabonensis), and observable rural housing transformations, and investments in self-help community development activities e.g. establishment of village schools and health centers. Findings further reveal that frequent trespass into the park for livelihood activities have reduced due to the lucrativeness and time-consuming nature of agroforestry activities. Agroforestry thus demonstrates great potentials of enhancing both buffer zone poverty alleviation and the achievement of biodiversity conservation objectives in CRNP and should therefore be backed by adequate funding and rigorous research-based innovative policies and programs. Keywords: Parks, communities, poverty and agroforestry strategies

Relationship between School Library Management and Students’ choice of Career in Librarianship.

This study is the examination of the relationship between School Library Management and Students’ choice of Career in Librarianship. The specific objectives of the study were to determine how school library management components such components like staffing, collection development, and library curriculum related or affected the students’ choice of Library and Information Science as a course of study in the University, and Librarianship as Career. To achieve this objective, a survey research method was adopted, and close ended questionnaire was served to the three and four hundred level students of Library and information science, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria as the population for the study. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis using table of frequencies and percentages The study revealed among others that, the School Libraries  Nigeria have not been managed adequately to motivated the students as expected, in their choice of Librarianship as a career. Also, most students came from primary and secondary schools which had no library. Many students had no prior knowledge of Library and Information Science as a course of study, and where given the course even though they did not apply for it. While some of the respondents who had a good school library experience, chose to read the course and to practice Librarianship as a career. It was also revealed most direct entry students who had other background other than Library Science adopted the discipline due to the career opportunities. Based on the finding, recommendations were made towards repositioning Nigerian School Library towards achieving its aims and objectives. Keywords: School Library Management, Relationship, Students, Career Choice and Librarianship

Chemical constituents from the stem bark of Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae)

Background: Plants have served as source of lead discovery in drug development; there is the need to look into our ethnomedicinal plants for the purpose of identifying bioactive antibacterial agents to combat the growing antibacterial resistance to current drugs.Objective: The present study investigated the antibacterial activity of the extract and soluble fractions of Pentaclethra macrophylla against some selected pathogens and isolation of active constituents using chromatography and spectroscopic techniques.Materials and methods: The pulverized stem bark of P. macrophylla was extracted to exhaustion with 70% methanol and the combined crude methanol extract after removal of solvent was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol to give ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fractions. Antibacterial activity was evaluated on the crude methanol extract,ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions against five pathogenic bacteria using agar diffusion assay method. The active ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions were subjected to Column chromatography and subsequent purification over sephadex LH-20 afforded compounds I, II and III. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using NMR and MS and are reported in this plant for the first time.Results: Antibacterial activity showed that the extract and fractions at 10mg/mL showed activity against B. subtilis with zones of inhibition of 8.0 ± 2.89, 16.0 ±1.73 and 9.5 ± 1.78 respectively for 70% methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction at (10mg/mL) had a good activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with inhibition zones of 16.0 and13.5mm compared with Levofloxacin (1.5μg/mL) having zones diameter of 21.1 and 16.6mm, however, none of the extract or fractions showed activity against K. pneumonae. Compound I was identified as methyl gallate, compound II: Bergenin and compound III: 11-O-galloylbergenin. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using NMR and ESI-MS and compared with literature.Conclusion: Finding from this work showed that the ethylacetate fraction is the most active and compounds I, II were isolated from the fraction, while the n-butanol furnished compound III. These compounds are being reported for the first time in this plant and have been known to possess antibacterial activity, thereby given credence to the ethnomedicinal use of this plant against infections.Keywords: Pentaclethra macrophylla, Antibacterial, Methyl gallate, Bergenin, 11-O-galloylbergeni

Forward Table-Based Presynaptic Event-Triggered Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) incurs both causal and acausal synaptic weight updates, for negative and positive time differences between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic spike events. For realizing such updates in neuromorphic hardware, current implementations either require forward and reverse lookup access to the synaptic connectivity table, or rely on memory-intensive architectures such as crossbar arrays. We present a novel method for realizing both causal and acausal weight updates using only forward lookup access of the synaptic connectivity table, permitting memory-efficient implementation. A simplified implementation in FPGA, using a single timer variable for each neuron, closely approximates exact STDP cumulative weight updates for neuron refractory periods greater than 10 ms, and reduces to exact STDP for refractory periods greater than the STDP time window. Compared to conventional crossbar implementation, the forward table-based implementation leads to substantial memory savings for sparsely connected networks supporting scalable neuromorphic systems with fully reconfigurable synaptic connectivity and plasticity.Comment: Submitted to BioCAS 201

Determinants of Corporate Profitability in Developing Economies

The study investigates the determinants of corporate profitability in developing economies, with main emphasis on the Nigerian context. The study analyzes the relationship between capital structure, firm size, cash liquidity, financial leverage and corporate profitability. A panel data consisting of forty (40) randomly selected companies, spanning a period of five (5) years was utilized for the study. The ordinary least square regression was used to analyze the existence of relationships among the dependent and independent variables. A positive relationship was found to exist between firm size and corporate profitability, and financial leverage and corporate profitability. Capital structure and cash liquidity exhibited negative relationships with corporate profitability. The study recommended the use of different indices of profitability; as differing results are possible. The study further proposed the inclusion of additional variables in order to improve the stability and explanatory power of the overall model. Keywords: Corporate Profitability, Capital Structure, Firm Size, Cash Liquidity, Financial Leverage

Analisa Ekonomi Petani Pengelola Karet di Kawasan Tembawang Kelurahan Sebalo Kecamatan Bengkayang

Rubber farming in the tembawang area is the main livelihood of household of farmer communities. The research took place in tembawang area at Sebalo village Bengkayang subdistrict. The research aim to know the farmers income, the efficiency level of farm rubber done by farmers, the percentage contribution of rubber revenue to the household, and to know the influence factors of farmers income. The research conducted from April to May 2014. The research used survey method, and samples were taken by purposive sampling. The results shows that the average net income of sap rubber is Rp 12.050.609,-/household/year or Rp 1.004.217,42/household/month. The efficiency level of 3,34 points means that economically the farm rubber is reasonable and give benefit to the farmer. The income contribution of rubber is 51,44% from total income of the household. The regression analyzed from the three variables influences the income from rubbers. The variables are the number of the tembawang areas (X1), the work experience (X2) and the total of rubber trees that tapped (X3). These three variables collectivelly give significant effect to decrease or increase the farmers income from sap rubber with Ftest 23,729 > Ftable (α=0,05;100) = 2,70. So the Halt is accepted and coefficient determination (R2) is 0,426. The variable of the number of rubber trees have high correlation with net income in which the Ttest = 6,758 > Ttable (α=0,05;2) = 4,303. While the space area and the work experience have not corelated in which the Ttest are 2,094 and -1,374 respectively. Keywords : Bengkayang, farmers incomes, rubbers, sebalo village, tembawang. Keywords : Bengkayang, farmers incomes, rubbers, sebalo village, tembawang