Hydraulic Resistance of Vegetation in River Flow Applications

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Hydroscience and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, September 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/732If vegetated regions become part of a river’s flow field, the hydraulic resistance of vegetation affects the overall conveyance. Several descriptions exist to describe this type of flow; among them are empirical relations and relations that are process-based. In the current work three expressions are considered that have equal input parameters, similar levels of complexity but different theoretical backgrounds. The performance of the three methods is evaluated by comparison with flow measurements (collected from literature), and limits are given for their practical use

The Survey on "Family Models in Germany" (FAMOD): a Description of the Data

The FAMOD project, which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), investigates the diversity of existing family Models after separation or divorce in Germany. The project’s aim is to provide detailed information about the living conditions of mothers, fathers, and children in different post-separation family configurations, namely in sole physical custody (SPC) and in joint physical custody (JPC) arrangements. Employing a multi-actor design, the survey closely examines the well-being of the Individual family members in order to identify the potentials and challenges within a specific physical custody care arrangement. Because JPC families are still extremely rare in Germany (less than 1% of all families with minor children), this project is the first to collect data from a sufficient number of JPC families for detailed statistical analyses. Based on a quota sample, FAMOD provides data of 1,554 families in Germany (nuclear, SPC, and JPC families). This working paper contains a description of the sampling procedure, details about the process of data collection, and a benchmarking of selected core sociodemographic variables against the results from other German surveys

The association between mental rotation capacity and motor impairment in children with obesity : an exploratory study

Motor impairments are relatively common in children with obesity and evidence suggests that these difficulties go beyond those expected based on the extra weight. This study aimed to investigate the mental rotation capacity in children with obesity, i.e., the ability to mentally view and rotate spatial information, which is a function of both visual-spatial and action representation processes. In particular, we examined whether children with obesity solved mental hand rotation tasks using an egocentric perspective (i.e., motor imagery) and if performance was related to their motor competence. Methods: Fifty children (age range: 7–11 y) of which 19 with obesity and motor impairments (OB-) as assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (2nd version), 13 with obesity without motor impairments (OB+) and 18 control children with a healthy weight (HW) and normal motor competence, were submitted to a classic hand rotation task. Sitting at a desk the children were instructed to indicate the laterality of a picture of a hand displayed on a monitor as quickly and as accurately as possible. Results: The results indicate no differences in response time between groups (2,648 ms, 2,558 ms, 2,664 ms for OB-, OB+ and HW respectively). The OB- group, however, had significantly lower accuracy rates and inverse efficiency scores than the HW group (Accuracy: 72% vs. 89%; Inverse efficiency: 4,428 vs. 3,238). No difference was observed in accuracy and inverse efficiency between the OB+ and HW group (Accuracy: 86%; Inverse efficiency: 3,432). In all groups, slower and more error-prone responses were observed when the angle of rotation was larger and when the hand on display was incongruent with the posture of the participants, which indicates that judgments were made from an egocentric perspective and involved motor imagery. Conclusion: All children, including those with obesity, appear to engage in motor imagery. This notion needs to be investigated further in children with obesity and motor impairments, given their generally lower accuracy and decreased efficiency, which may indicate a reduced mental rotation capacity

Joint physical custody of children in Europe: A growing phenomenon

Background: Large-scale cross-country comparisons of children’s physical custody (which parent the child lives with after separation) are dated and limited in the age range of children considered. Objective: We document the level of sole and joint physical custody (JPC, both equal and unequal) for children in European countries using data from 2021. Methods: This article uses a new module on the living arrangements of children from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey. Our final sample comprises 9,102 children from 17 European countries. Analysis is descriptive. Results: One in eight children in separated families has equal JPC arrangements; another 8.2% spend at least one-third of their time with each parent (but not exactly half-time), so 20.7% have some type of JPC. Direct comparisons with previous estimates show a doubling of the prevalence of JPC in less than 20 years. Substantial cross-national variation exists: In the Northern European countries, Belgium, France, Slovenia, and Spain, children are most likely to have JPC. Children in the age groups 6–10 and 11–15 are more likely to have JPC than younger or older children. Conclusions: Compared to previous studies with data from 2002–2010, there has been an increase in JPC for children from separated families in Europe. Cross-country differences are large, but growth is not limited to a few countries. This paper improves on previous cross-national analyses by using more recent data, incorporating all ages of children, and considering unequal and well as equal time. Contribution: This paper improves on previous cross-national analyses by using more recent data, incorporating all ages of children, and considering unequal and well as equal time

Effect of vegetation growth in drainage canals on water management

In 2002 a new regulation was adopted in the Netherlands to protect flora and fauna. As a consequence mowing of drainage canals will be restricted during the growing season leading to vegetated canals that may hamper the discharge of water. In the summer of 2006 a field experiment has been executed in combination with a model study to investigate the effects of vegetation growth in the Fliert, a drainage canal located in the central part of the Netherlands. The field experiments showed extensive vegetation growth in absence of mowing. For the model study SOBEK Rural was used to evaluate different rainfall and vegetation (mowing) scenarios. From the model study it could be concluded that vegetation growth in combination with high rainfall can lead to water management problems. This means that if mowing is not allowed alternative measures are necessary. Unfortunately, model results could not be validated due to a relative dry summer

Reflexiones sobre la traducción en los traductores de los Coloquios de Erasmo

En el presente artículo se pretende recopilar y analizar diferentes comentarios e ideas sobre la traducción que aparecen en los prólogos de algunas de las traducciones castellanas de los Coloquios de Erasmo en la primera mitad del siglo XVI. En primer lugar se atiende a la significación de los Coloquios en la vida y en la obra de Erasmo, que no fue escasa, ya que se trata de un libro que el autor fue corrigiendo, aumentando y cargando de valor literario a lo largo de los años. A continuación se traslada la consideración de los Coloquios a España, donde pronto se convirtieron en un texto de gran éxito y de rápida circulación gracias al clima de libertad que se respiraba en la corte de Carlos V. Sobre las traducciones de los Coloquios, se considera primero qué teorías sobre la traducción circulaban en la España del primer tercio del siglo XVI y después cuáles son los problemas específicos que entrañaban las traducciones erasmianas. Para ello se estudian diversos fragmentos del paratexto de las traducciones, anónimas o no, que proporcionan interesantes datos acerca de la conciencia traductora de los intérpretes.Reflections on translation by the Spanish translators of Erasmus' Colloquies (XVIth century).This article is intended to collect and analyze different opinions and ideas about translation that appear in the prefaces to some of the Spanish translations of Erasmus' Colloquies in the first half of the sixteenth century. First, it addresses the significance of the Colloquies in the life and in the work of Erasmus. This significance was not scarce as it is a book that the author was correcting, enhancing and providing with literary value along the years. Then we consider the Colloquies in Spain, where they became soon a highly successful text and took on rapid circulation thanks to the climate of freedom that was felt at the court of Charles V. What concerns the translations of the Colloquies, we consider first which theories about translation were circulating in Spain in the first 30 years of the sixteenth century and then which are the specific problems posed by the Erasmian translations. In order to that we study various fragments from the prologues of the translations, whether they are anonymous or not. They provide interesting information about translators' interpreting consciousness