Sand bodies and sand transport paths at the English Channel-North Sea border: Morphology, hydrodynamics and radioactive tracing

Surficial sediments and detailed submarine morphology of the southern Strait of Dover have been mapped using different complementary techniques: side-scan sonar survey, bottom sediment sampling, and bathymetry. The geometry and regional pattern of sand bodies - sand waves, megaripples, sand ribbons, etc. - as well as current-meter data and eight radioactive tracing experiments in different settings, are presented and analyzed. The mean regional net sand transport is 0.2 m super(3)/linear metre/day. The strong tidal currents of the region studied are considered as the main factor responsible for sand transport, while the swell plays an important but local role in maintaining particulate matter in suspension

Real-time Detection of Gastric Insufflation Related to Facemask Pressure-controlled Ventilation Using Ultrasonography of the Antrum and Epigastric Auscultation in Nonparalyzed Patients. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study

Abstract Background: The authors sought to determine the level of inspiratory pressure minimizing the risk of gastric insufflation while providing adequate pulmonary ventilation. The primary endpoint was the increase in incidence of gastric insufflation detected by ultrasonography of the antrum while inspiratory pressure for facemask pressure-controlled ventilation increased from 10 to 25 cm H2O. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, patients were allocated to one of the four groups (P10, P15, P20, and P25) defined by the inspiratory pressure applied during controlled-pressure ventilation: 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm H2O. Anesthesia was induced using propofol and remifentanil; no neuromuscular-blocking agent was administered. Once loss of eyelash reflex occurred, facemask ventilation was started for a 2-min period while gastric insufflation was detected by auscultation and by real-time ultrasonography of the antrum. The cross-sectional antral area was measured using ultrasonography before and after facemask ventilation. Respiratory parameters were recorded. Results: Sixty-seven patients were analyzed. The authors registered statistically significant increases in incidences of gastric insufflation with inspiratory pressure, from 0% (group P10) to 41% (group P25) according to auscultation, and from 19 to 59% according to ultrasonography. In groups P20 and P25, detection of gastric insufflation by ultrasonography was associated with a statistically significant increase in the antral area. Lung ventilation was insufficient for group P10. Conclusion: Inspiratory pressure of 15 cm H2O allowed for reduced occurrence of gastric insufflation with proper lung ventilation during induction of anesthesia with remifentanil and propofol in nonparalyzed and nonobese patients. (Anesthesiology 2014; 120:326-34) </jats:sec

« Carte des formations superficielles du domaine marin côtier de l'anse de Paimpol à Saint-Malo (Côtes d'Armor - Ille et Vilaine) ».

Carte Echelle 1/50 000 (48°40'N), Ifremer, Issy-les-Moulineaux