423 research outputs found
Enhanced binding and cold compression of nuclei due to admixture of antibaryons
We discuss the possibility of producing a new kind of nuclear system by
putting a few antibaryons inside ordinary nuclei. The structure of such systems
is calculated within the relativistic mean--field model assuming that the
nucleon and antinucleon potentials are related by the G-parity transformation.
The presence of antinucleons leads to decreasing vector potential and
increasing scalar potential for the nucleons. As a result, a strongly bound
system of high density is formed. Due to the significant reduction of the
available phase space the annihilation probability might be strongly suppressed
in such systems.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Lett.
The SU(3) spin chain sigma model and string theory
The ferromagnetic integrable SU(3) spin chain provides the one loop anomalous
dimension of single trace operators involving the three complex scalars of N=4
supersymmetric Yang-Mills. We construct the non-linear sigma model describing
the continuum limit of the SU(3) spin chain. We find that this sigma model
corresponds to a string moving with large angular momentum in the five-sphere
in AdS_5xS^5. The energy and spectrum of fluctuations for rotating circular
strings with angular momenta along three orthogonal directions of the
five-sphere is reproduced as a particular case from the spin chain sigma model.Comment: 14 pages. Latex.v2: Misprints corrected. v3: Minor changes and
improved details from journal versio
MeV-mass dark matter and primordial nucleosynthesis
The annihilation of new dark matter candidates with masses in the MeV
range may account for the galactic positrons that are required to explain the
511 keV -ray flux from the galactic bulge. We study the impact of
MeV-mass thermal relic particles on the primordial synthesis of H, He,
and Li. If the new particles are in thermal equilibrium with neutrinos
during the nucleosynthesis epoch they increase the helium mass fraction for
m_X\alt 10 MeV and are thus disfavored. If they couple primarily to the
electromagnetic plasma they can have the opposite effect of lowering both
helium and deuterium. For --10 MeV they can even improve the overall
agreement between the predicted and observed H and He abundances.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, references and two appendices added,
conclusions unchanged; accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.
Charged Higgs boson contribution to scattering from low to ultrahigh energy in Higgs triplet model
We study the scattering from low to ultrahigh energy in the
framework of Higgs Triplet Model (HTM). We add the contribution of charged
Higgs boson exchange to the total cross section of the scattering. We obtain
the upper bound in this
process from low energy experiment. We show that by using the upper bound
obtained, the charged Higgs contribution can give enhancements to the total
cross section with respect to the SM prediction up to 5.16% at
eV and maximum at and would help to determine the
feasibility experiments to discriminate between SM and HTM at current available
facilities.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Frustration and the Kondo effect in heavy fermion materials
The observation of a separation between the antiferromagnetic phase boundary
and the small-large Fermi surface transition in recent experiments has led to
the proposal that frustration is an important additional tuning parameter in
the Kondo lattice model of heavy fermion materials. The introduction of a Kondo
(K) and a frustration (Q) axis into the phase diagram permits us to discuss the
physics of heavy fermion materials in a broader perspective. The current
experimental situation is analysed in the context of this combined "QK" phase
diagram. We discuss various theoretical models for the frustrated Kondo
lattice, using general arguments to characterize the nature of the -electron
localization transition that occurs between the spin liquid and heavy Fermi
liquid ground-states. We concentrate in particular on the Shastry--Sutherland
Kondo lattice model, for which we establish the qualitative phase diagram using
strong coupling arguments and the large- expansion. The paper closes with
some brief remarks on promising future theoretical directions.Comment: To appear in a special issue of JLT
Quantum phase transitions and thermodynamic properties in highly anisotropic magnets
The systems exhibiting quantum phase transitions (QPT) are investigated
within the Ising model in the transverse field and Heisenberg model with
easy-plane single-site anisotropy. Near QPT a correspondence between parameters
of these models and of quantum phi^4 model is established. A scaling analysis
is performed for the ground-state properties. The influence of the external
longitudinal magnetic field on the ground-state properties is investigated, and
the corresponding magnetic susceptibility is calculated. Finite-temperature
properties are considered with the use of the scaling analysis for the
effective classical model proposed by Sachdev. Analytical results for the
ordering temperature and temperature dependences of the magnetization and
energy gap are obtained in the case of a small ground-state moment. The forms
of dependences of observable quantities on the bare splitting (or magnetic
field) and renormalized splitting turn out to be different. A comparison with
numerical calculations and experimental data on systems demonstrating magnetic
and structural transitions (e.g., into singlet state) is performed.Comment: 46 pages, RevTeX, 6 figure
FDA safety warning on the cardiac effects of lamotrigine: an advisory from the Ad Hoc ILAE/AES Task Force
Paroxysmal Cerebral Disorder
Global Phase Diagram of the Kondo Lattice: From Heavy Fermion Metals to Kondo Insulators
We discuss the general theoretical arguments advanced earlier for the T=0
global phase diagram of antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice systems, distinguishing
between the established and the conjectured. In addition to the well-known
phase of a paramagnetic metal with a "large" Fermi surface (P_L), there is also
an antiferromagnetic phase with a "small" Fermi surface (AF_S). We provide the
details of the derivation of a quantum non-linear sigma-model (QNLsM)
representation of the Kondo lattice Hamiltonian, which leads to an effective
field theory containing both low-energy fermions in the vicinity of a Fermi
surface and low-energy bosons near zero momentum. An asymptotically exact
analysis of this effective field theory is made possible through the
development of a renormalization group procedure for mixed fermion-boson
systems. Considerations on how to connect the AF_S and P_L phases lead to a
global phase diagram, which not only puts into perspective the theory of local
quantum criticality for antiferromagnetic heavy fermion metals, but also
provides the basis to understand the surprising recent experiments in
chemically-doped as well as pressurized YbRh2Si2. We point out that the AF_S
phase still occurs for the case of an equal number of spin-1/2 local moments
and conduction electrons. This observation raises the prospect for a global
phase diagram of heavy fermion systems in the Kondo-insulator regime. Finally,
we discuss the connection between the Kondo breakdown physics discussed here
for the Kondo lattice systems and the non-Fermi liquid behavior recently
studied from a holographic perspective.Comment: (v3) leftover typos corrected. (v2) Published version. 32 pages, 4
figures. Section 7, on the connection between the Kondo lattice systems and
the holographic models of non-Fermi liquid, is expanded. (v1) special issue
of JLTP on quantum criticalit
Quasiclassical description of transport through superconducting contacts
We present a theoretical study of transport properties through
superconducting contacts based on a new formulation of boundary conditions that
mimics interfaces for the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity. These
boundary conditions are based on a description of an interface in terms of a
simple Hamiltonian. We show how this Hamiltonian description is incorporated
into quasiclassical theory via a T-matrix equation by integrating out
irrelevant energy scales right at the onset. The resulting boundary conditions
reproduce results obtained by conventional quasiclassical boundary conditions,
or by boundary conditions based on the scattering approach. This formalism is
well suited for the analysis of magnetically active interfaces as well as for
calculating time-dependent properties such as the current-voltage
characteristics or as current fluctuations in junctions with arbitrary
transmission and bias voltage. This approach is illustrated with the
calculation of Josephson currents through a variety of superconducting
junctions ranging from conventional to d-wave superconductors, and to the
analysis of supercurrent through a ferromagnetic nanoparticle. The calculation
of the current-voltage characteristics and of noise is applied to the case of a
contact between two d-wave superconductors. In particular, we discuss the use
of shot noise for the measurement of charge transferred in a multiple Andreev
reflection in d-wave superconductors
Dark Energy and Neutrino CPT Violation
In this paper we study the dynamical CPT violation in the neutrino sector
induced by the dark energy of the Universe. Specifically we consider a dark
energy model where the dark energy scalar derivatively interacts with the
right-handed neutrinos. This type of derivative coupling leads to a
cosmological CPT violation during the evolution of the background field of the
dark energy. We calculate the induced CPT violation of left-handed neutrinos
and find the CPT violation produced in this way is consistent with the present
experimental limit and sensitive to the future neutrino oscillation
experiments, such as the neutrino factory.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. Typos corrected and references added. To be
published in EPJ
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