Le rôle clé de la pratique infirmière en contexte de changements climatiques

Introduction : Face à l’augmentation de problématiques de santé liées aux changements climatiques, les infirmières et infirmiers sont de plus en plus sollicités et doivent adapter leur pratique à cette réalité. Ce résumé a pour objectifs d’identifier des actions permettant de sensibiliser et de former les membres de la profession infirmière aux enjeux climatiques et à leurs conséquences sur la santé des individus et des populations. Il vise également à encourager les infirmières et infirmiers à devenir des agents de changement dans la lutte contre les changements climatiques en mettant en lumière les travaux présentés par le Comité Jeunesse de l’Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec (2020). Démarche : Une revue narrative de la littérature a été réalisée dans les principales bases de données scientifiques telles MEDLINE CINHAL et Google Scholar afin d’identifier différentes stratégies et pistes de solutions. Des échanges informels avec plusieurs membres de la relève ont ensuite été réalisés par 13 jeunes infirmières et infirmiers afin d’approfondir leurs réflexions sur la pratique infirmière en contexte de changements climatiques. Les trois constats retenus et considérés comme prioritaires se définissent comme : 1) l’importance de sensibiliser et de former l’ensemble des membres de la profession infirmière aux enjeux climatiques et à leurs conséquences, notamment sur la santé; 2) l’importance de mettre en place des actions favorables à l’environnement; 3) l’importance d’instaurer des comités sur le développement durable et les enjeux environnementaux dans tous les établissements de santé. Appréciation : Pour chacun des constats, des stratégies et pistes de solutions ont été identifiées. Par exemple, intégrer dans la formation initiale et continue les notions relatives aux changements climatiques et leurs impacts sur la santé, pour que les infirmières et infirmiers puissent contribuer efficacement à la mise en place de modes d’organisations des soins visant à répondre aux urgences climatiques. Également, encourager les actions individuelles et collectives visant la diminution de l’empreinte carbone, comme la création de comités sur le développement durable et les enjeux environnementaux dans les établissements. Puis, encourager les infirmières et infirmiers à devenir des acteurs politiques importants en s’impliquant à différents niveaux (scène municipale, regroupements politiques, associations professionnelles, etc.) afin de prendre position sur les enjeux environnementaux. Conclusion et recommandations : Au terme de cette démarche, les infirmières et infirmiers disposeront d’arguments et de moyens pour prendre leur place en tant qu’acteurs clés au sein des organisations dans la lutte aux changements climatiques.Introduction : Face à l’augmentation de problématiques de santé liées aux changements climatiques, les infirmières et infirmiers sont de plus en plus sollicités et doivent adapter leur pratique à cette réalité. Ce résumé a pour objectifs d’identifier des actions permettant de sensibiliser et de former les membres de la profession infirmière aux enjeux climatiques et à leurs conséquences sur la santé des individus et des populations. Il vise également à encourager les infirmières et infirmiers à devenir des agents de changement dans la lutte contre les changements climatiques en mettant en lumière les travaux présentés par le Comité Jeunesse de l’Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec (2020). Démarche : Une revue narrative de la littérature a été réalisée dans les principales bases de données scientifiques telles MEDLINE CINHAL et Google Scholar afin d’identifier différentes stratégies et pistes de solutions. Des échanges informels avec plusieurs membres de la relève ont ensuite été réalisés par 13 jeunes infirmières et infirmiers afin d’approfondir leurs réflexions sur la pratique infirmière en contexte de changements climatiques. Les trois constats retenus et considérés comme prioritaires se définissent comme : 1) l’importance de sensibiliser et de former l’ensemble des membres de la profession infirmière aux enjeux climatiques et à leurs conséquences, notamment sur la santé; 2) l’importance de mettre en place des actions favorables à l’environnement; 3) l’importance d’instaurer des comités sur le développement durable et les enjeux environnementaux dans tous les établissements de santé. Appréciation : Pour chacun des constats, des stratégies et pistes de solutions ont été identifiées. Par exemple, intégrer dans la formation initiale et continue les notions relatives aux changements climatiques et leurs impacts sur la santé, pour que les infirmières et infirmiers puissent contribuer efficacement à la mise en place de modes d’organisations des soins visant à répondre aux urgences climatiques. Également, encourager les actions individuelles et collectives visant la diminution de l’empreinte carbone, comme la création de comités sur le développement durable et les enjeux environnementaux dans les établissements. Puis, encourager les infirmières et infirmiers à devenir des acteurs politiques importants en s’impliquant à différents niveaux (scène municipale, regroupements politiques, associations professionnelles, etc.) afin de prendre position sur les enjeux environnementaux. Conclusion et recommandations : Au terme de cette démarche, les infirmières et infirmiers disposeront d’arguments et de moyens pour prendre leur place en tant qu’acteurs clés au sein des organisations dans la lutte aux changements climatiques

Platelets as a surrogate disease model of neurodevelopmental disorders: Insights from Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and the leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite a large number of therapeutics developed in past years, there is currently no targeted treatment approved for FXS. In fact, translation of the positive and very promising preclinical findings from animal models to human subjects has so far fallen short owing in part to the low predictive validity of the Fmr1 ko mouse, an overly simplistic model of the complex human disease. This issue stresses the critical need to identify new surrogate human peripheral cell models of FXS, which may in fact allow for the identification of novel and more efficient therapies. Of all described models, blood platelets appear to be one of the most promising and appropriate disease models of FXS, in part owing to their close biochemical similarities with neurons. Noteworthy, they also recapitulate some of FXS neuron’s core molecular dysregulations, such as hyperactivity of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, elevated enzymatic activity of MMP9 and decreased production of cAMP. Platelets might therefore help furthering our understanding of FXS pathophysiology and might also lead to the identification of disease-specific biomarkers, as was shown in several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, there is additional evidence suggesting that platelet signaling may assist with prediction of cognitive phenotype and could represent a potent readout of drug efficacy in clinical trials. Globally, given the neurobiological overlap between different forms of intellectual disability, platelets may be a valuable window to access the molecular underpinnings of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) sharing similar synaptic plasticity defects with FXS. Platelets are indeed an attractive model for unraveling pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NDD as well as to search for diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers

New insights of altered lipid profile in Fragile X Syndrome.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the main genetic cause of autism and intellectual deficiency resulting the absence of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Clinical picture is characterized by cognitive impairment associated with a broad spectrum of psychiatric comorbidities including autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Some of these disorders have been associated with lipid abnormalities and lower cholesterol levels. Since lipids are important for neuronal development, we aim to investigate the lipid profile of French Canadian-FXS individuals and to identify the altered components of cholesterol metabolism as well as their association with clinical profile.Anthropometric data were collected from 25 FXS individuals and 26 controls. Lipid assessment included: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, LDL, HDL, ApoB, ApoA1, PCSK9, Lp(a) and lipoprotein electrophoresis. Aberrant and adaptive behaviour of affected individuals was respectively assessed by the ABC-C and ABAS questionnaires.FXS participants had a higher body mass index as compared to controls while 38% of them had TC<10th percentile. Lower levels of LDL, HDL and apoA1 were observed in FXS group as compared to controls. However, PCSK9 levels did not differ between the two groups. As expected, PCSK9 levels correlated with total cholesterol (rs = 0.61, p = 0.001) and LDL (rs = 0.46, p = 0.014) in the control group, while no association was present in the FXS group. An inverse relationship was observed between total cholesterol and aberrant behaviour as determined by ABC-C total score.Our results showed the presence of hypocholesterolemia in French Canadian-FXS population, a condition that seems to influence their clinical phenotype. We identified for the first time a potential underlying alteration of PCSK9 function in FXS that could result from the absence of FMRP. Further investigations are warranted to better understand the association between cholesterol metabolism, PCSK9, FMRP and clinical profile

Effect of manufacturing and experimental conditions on the mechanical and surface properties of silicone elastomer scaffolds used in endothelial mechanobiological studies

Abstract Background Mechanobiological studies allow the characterization of cell response to mechanical stresses. Cells need to be supported by a material with properties similar to the physiological environment. Silicone elastomers have been used to produce various in vitro scaffolds of different geometries for endothelial cell studies given its relevant mechanical, optical and surface properties. However, obtaining defined and repeatable properties is a challenge as depending on the different manufacturing and processing steps, mechanical and surface properties may vary significantly between research groups. Methods The impact of different manufacturing and processing methods on the mechanical and surface properties was assessed by measuring the Young’s modulus and the contact angle. Silicone samples were produced using different curing temperatures and processed with different sterilization techniques and hydrophilization conditions. Results Different curing temperatures were used to obtain materials of different stiffness with a chosen silicone elastomer, i.e. Sylgard 184®. Sterilization by boiling had a tendency to stiffen samples cured at lower temperatures whereas UV and ethanol did not alter the material properties. Hydrophilization using sulphuric acid allowed to decrease surface hydrophobicity, however this effect was lost over time as hydrophobic recovery occurred. Extended contact with water maintained decreased hydrophobicity up to 7 days. Mechanobiological studies require complete cell coverage of the scaffolds used prior to mechanical stresses exposure. Different concentrations of fibronectin and collagen were used to coat the scaffolds and cell seeding density was varied to optimize cell coverage. Conclusion This study highlights the potential bias introduced by manufacturing and processing conditions needed in the preparation of scaffolds used in mechanobiological studies involving endothelial cells. As manufacturing, processing and cell culture conditions are known to influence cell adhesion and function, they should be more thoroughly assessed by research groups that perform such mechanobiological studies using silicone

Osteoclast microRNA Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis to Capture the Erosive Factor

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), only a subset of patients develop irreversible bone destruction. Our aim was to identify a microRNA (miR)‐based osteoclast‐related signature predictive of erosiveness in RA. Seventy‐six adults with erosive (E) or nonerosive (NE) seropositive RA and 43 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls were recruited. Twenty‐five miRs from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐derived osteoclasts selected from RNA‐Seq (discovery cohort) were assessed by qPCR (replication cohort), as were 33 target genes (direct targets or associated with regulated pathways). The top five miRs found differentially expressed in RA osteoclasts were either decreased (hsa‐miR‐34a‐3p, 365b‐3p, 374a‐3p, and 511‐3p [E versus NE]) or increased (hsa‐miR‐193b‐3p [E versus controls]). In vitro, inhibition of miR‐34a‐3p had an impact on osteoclast bone resorption. An integrative network analysis of miRs and their targets highlighted correlations between mRNA and miR expression, both negative (CD38, CD80, SIRT1) and positive (MITF), and differential gene expression between NE versus E (GXYLT1, MITF) or versus controls (CD38, KLF4). Machine‐learning models were used to evaluate the value of miRs and target genes, in combination with clinical data, to predict erosion. One model, including a set of miRs (predominantly 365b‐3p) combined with rheumatoid factor titer, provided 70% accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.66). Adding genes directly targeted or belonging to related pathways improved the predictive power of the model for the erosive phenotype (78% accuracy, AUC 0.85). This proof‐of‐concept study indicates that identification of RA subjects at risk of erosions may be improved by studying miR expression in PBMC‐derived osteoclasts, suggesting novel approaches toward personalized treatment. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Population characteristics.

<p>Population characteristics.</p

Association of lipid parameters with cognitive function.

<p>Association of lipid parameters with cognitive function.</p

Correlation between PCSK9 levels and lipid parameters.

<p>Spearman correlations: between PCSK9 and total cholesterol in FXS group (A1) and control group (B1); between PCSK9 and LDL in FXS group (A2) and control group (B2); between PCSK9 and triglycerides in FXS group (A3) and control group (B3). TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides.</p

Fraction of FXS individuals below the 5^th and 10^th centile of normative data.

<p>Fraction of FXS individuals below the 5^th and 10^th centile of normative data.</p

MOESM1 of Effect of manufacturing and experimental conditions on the mechanical and surface properties of silicone elastomer scaffolds used in endothelial mechanobiological studies

Additional file 1. Effect of storage conditions (water or air). Data normalized to the mean Young’s modulus of the reference samples (produced in the same batch, tested prior to the storage) at each temperature (n = 3) (Two-way ANOVA, no effect of the storage condition on the silicone stiffness, significant effect of time (aging) (***p < 0.0001), significant effect between reference and samples stored for 7 days)