Arbeitszufriedenheit von Musiktherapeut*innen in den Vereinigten Staaten: Eine Mixed-Methods Analyse

This mixed methods study reports levels of work satisfaction of music therapists working in the United States. A total of 1,154 board-certified music therapists completed a 28-question survey focused on their workplace, work, and professional development experiences, along with their levels of stress, burnout, and happiness. Two open-ended questions asked respondents to reflect on their identities as music therapists. Composite work satisfaction scores were subsequently divided into quartiles, characterizing high, moderate, and low work satisfaction groups. Music therapists reporting high work satisfaction indicated significantly higher levels of positive agreement with questions regarding work satisfaction than did music therapists reporting moderate or low work satisfaction. Work satisfaction was also significantly associated with stress, burnout, and happiness. The profiles of music therapists reporting high, moderate, and low work satisfaction were further connected to their identities as music therapists, illuminating the characteristics of music therapists who are thriving, those who are moderately satisfied at work, and those who are struggling. These profiles provide insights into the occupational wellbeing of the profession.Diese Mixed-Methods Studie berichtet über die Arbeitszufriedenheit von Musiktherapeut*innen, die in den Vereinigten Staaten tätig sind. Insgesamt nahmen 1.154 staatlich geprüfte Musiktherapeut*innen an der Umfrage mit 28 Fragen teil. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf den Arbeitsplatz, die Arbeit an sich, Erfahrungen bei der beruflichen Entwicklung sowie auf Stress-, Burnout- und Zufriedenheitsaspekte. In zwei offenen Fragen wurden die Befragten gebeten über ihre Identität als Musiktherapeut*innen nachzudenken. Die Gesamtwerte für die Arbeitszufriedenheit wurden anschließend in Quartile eingeteilt, welche Gruppen mit hoher, mittlerer und niedriger Arbeitszufriedenheit charakterisieren. Musiktherapeut*innen, die eine hohe Arbeitszufriedenheit angaben, zeigten ein signifikant höheres Maß an positiver Zustimmung bei Fragen zur Arbeitszufriedenheit als jene Musiktherapeut*innen, welche eine mittlere oder niedrige Arbeitszufriedenheit angaben. Die Arbeitszufriedenheit stand auch in signifikantem Zusammenhang mit Stress, Burnout und Zufriedenheit. Die Profile der Musiktherapeut*innen, die eine hohe, mäßige und niedrige Arbeitszufriedenheit angaben, wurden weiter mit ihrer Musiktherapeut*innen-Identität in Verbindung gebracht. Darüber hinaus wurden die Merkmale beleuchtet, von Musiktherapeut*innen die sich wohlfühlen, jenen die eine mäßige Zufriedenheit angaben, und jenen, die Probleme im Arbeitsalltag angaben. Diese Profile bieten Erkenntnisse zum beruflichen Wohlbefinden des Berufsstandes

Merkmale von Arbeitnehmenden, Arbeitsplatz und Arbeitszufriedenheit, Stress, Burnout und Freude von Musiktherapeut*innen in den Vereinigten Staaten

This survey research examined the work lives of music therapists in the United States. With the inclusion of data on salary, workplace and job satisfaction, stress, burnout, and happiness, a comprehensive picture of the working lives of music therapists emerges. On the whole, music therapists appear to be generally happy with their workplace and job conditions and to experience moderate stress and low burnout. Data regarding salaries reveal a complex economic landscape. Although the average full-time salary of a music therapist was $51,099.69, salaries varied widely, with newly credentialed music therapists and those with less than six years of experience reporting lower average salaries. Variations in salaries, stress, burnout, and happiness were also evident across workplaces. Implications for the profession, including advocacy efforts, support for early-career professionals, and additional support for career development, invite further discussion.Diese Umfrage untersuchte das Arbeitsleben von Musiktherapeut*innen in den Vereinigten Staaten. Durch die Einbeziehung von Daten zu Gehalt, Arbeitsplatz und Arbeitszufriedenheit, Stress, Burnout und Freude ergibt sich ein umfassendes Bild des Arbeitslebens von Musiktherapeut*innen. Im Großen und Ganzen scheinen Musiktherapeut*innen mit ihrem Arbeitsplatz und ihren Arbeitsbedingungen zufrieden zu sein. Sie leiden unter nur mäßigem Stress und geringem Burnout. Die Daten zu den Gehältern offenbaren eine komplexe Wirtschaftslandschaft. Obwohl das durchschnittliche Vollzeitgehalt der Musiktherapeut*innen bei 51.099,69$ lag, gab es große Gehaltsunterschiede, wobei neu zugelassene Musiktherapeut*innen und solche mit weniger als sechs Jahren Berufserfahrung, niedrigere Durchschnittsgehälter angaben. Auch waren Unterschiede zwischen den Arbeitsplätzen in Bezug auf Gehalt, Stressniveau, Burnout und Freude festzustellen. Die Implikationen für den Berufsstand, einschließlich der Bemühungen um Interessenvertretung, Unterstützung für Berufsanfänger*innen und zusätzliche Unterstützung für die berufliche Entwicklung, laden zu weiteren Diskussionen ein

Trends and inequities in severe maternal morbidity in Massachusetts: A closer look at the last two decades.

It is estimated that 50,000-60,000 pregnant people in the United States (US) experience severe maternal morbidity (SMM). SMM includes life-threatening conditions, such as acute myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, amniotic fluid embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or sepsis. Prior research has identified both rising rates through 2014 and wide racial disparities in SMM. While reducing maternal death and SMM has been a global goal for the past several decades, limited progress has been made in the US in achieving this goal. Our objectives were to examine SMM trends from 1998-2018 to identify factors contributing to the persistent and rising rates of SMM by race/ethnicity and describe the Black non-Hispanic/White non-Hispanic rate ratio for each SMM condition. We used a population-based data system that links delivery records to their corresponding hospital discharge records to identify SMM rates (excluding transfusion) per 10, 000 deliveries and examined the trends by race/ethnicity. We then conducted stratified analyses separately for Black and White birthing people. While the rates of SMM during the same periods steadily increased for all racial/ethnic groups, Black birthing people experienced the greatest absolute increase compared to any other race/ethnic group going from 69.4 in 1998-2000 to 173.7 per 10,000 deliveries in 2016-2018. In addition, we found that Black birthing people had higher rates for every individual condition compared to White birthing people, with rate ratios ranging from a low of 1.11 for heart failure during surgery to a high of 102.4 for sickle cell anemia. Obesity was not significantly associated with SMM among Black birthing people but was associated with SMM among White birthing people [aRR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.36)]. An unbiased understanding of how SMM has affected different race/ethnicity groups is key to improving maternal health and preventing SMM and mortality among Black birthing people. SMM needs to be addressed as both a medical and public health challenge

Receptive Music Therapy for Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit

BACKGROUND: Live music therapy provided by a board-certified music therapist reduces anxiety, decreases pain, and improves the physiological response of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of live music therapy on the physiological parameters and pain and agitation levels of adult ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A total of 118 patients were randomly assigned to live music therapy or standard care. The music therapy group received 30 minutes of live music therapy tailored to each patient\u27s needs. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool were completed by critical care nurses immediately before and after each session, and the patients\u27 heart rates, respiratory rates, and oxygenation levels were measured. RESULTS: Patients who received live music therapy had significantly different scores on the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (P \u3c .001) and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (odds ratio, 6.02; P = .002) compared with the standard care group. Significant differences between groups were also reported in heart rate (P \u3c .001). No significant differences were found in oxygen values. CONCLUSIONS: Live music therapy significantly reduced agitation and heart rate in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU. These findings provide further evidence for the benefits of music therapy in the ICU, including in intubated patients

Severe maternal morbidity^a for Black and White birthing people: Massachusetts, 1998–2018.

aSevere maternal mortality without blood transfusion (SMM20).</p

Automated, miniaturized, and scalable screening of healthcare workers, first responders, and students for SARS-CoV-2 in San Diego County

Background Successful containment strategies for SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of the COVID-19 pandemic, have involved widespread population testing that identifies infections early and enables rapid contact tracing. In this study, we developed a rapid and inexpensive RT- qPCR testing pipeline for population-level SARS-CoV-2 detection, and used this pipeline to establish a clinical laboratory dedicated to COVID-19 testing at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) with a processing capacity of 6,000 samples per day and next-day result turnaround times. Methods and findings Using this pipeline, we screened 6,786 healthcare workers and first responders, and 21,220 students, faculty, and staff from UCSD. Additionally, we screened 6,031 preschool-grade 12 students and staff from public and private schools across San Diego County that remained fully or partially open for in-person teaching during the pandemic. Between April 17, 2020 and February 5, 2021, participants provided 161,582 nasal swabs that were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 752 positive tests were obtained, yielding a test positivity rate of 0.47%. While the presence of symptoms was significantly correlated with higher viral load, most of the COVID-19 positive participants who participated in symptom surveys were asymptomatic at the time of testing. The positivity rate among preschool-grade 12 schools that remained open for in-person teaching was similar to the positivity rate at UCSD and lower than that of San Diego County, with the children in private schools being less likely to test positive than the adults at these schools. Conclusions Most schools across the United States have been closed for in-person learning for much of the 2020-2021 school year, and their safe reopening is a national priority. However, as there are no vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 currently available to the majority of school-aged children, the traditional strategies of mandatory masking, physical distancing, and repeated viral testing of students and staff remain key components of risk mitigation in these settings. The data presented here suggest that the safety measures and repeated testing actions taken by participating healthcare and educational facilities were effective in preventing outbreaks, and that a similar combination of risk-mitigation strategies and repeated testing may be successfully adopted by other healthcare and educational systems

Perspectives on ENCODE

The Encylopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project launched in 2003 with the long-term goal of developing a comprehensive map of functional elements in the human genome. These included genes, biochemical regions associated with gene regulation (for example, transcription factor binding sites, open chromatin, and histone marks) and transcript isoforms. The marks serve as sites for candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) that may serve functional roles in regulating gene expression1. The project has been extended to model organisms, particularly the mouse. In the third phase of ENCODE, nearly a million and more than 300,000 cCRE annotations have been generated for human and mouse, respectively, and these have provided a valuable resource for the scientific community.11Nsciescopu

Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes

AbstractThe human and mouse genomes contain instructions that specify RNAs and proteins and govern the timing, magnitude, and cellular context of their production. To better delineate these elements, phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project has expanded analysis of the cell and tissue repertoires of RNA transcription, chromatin structure and modification, DNA methylation, chromatin looping, and occupancy by transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. Here we summarize these efforts, which have produced 5,992 new experimental datasets, including systematic determinations across mouse fetal development. All data are available through the ENCODE data portal (https://www.encodeproject.org), including phase II ENCODE1 and Roadmap Epigenomics2 data. We have developed a registry of 926,535 human and 339,815 mouse candidate cis-regulatory elements, covering 7.9 and 3.4% of their respective genomes, by integrating selected datatypes associated with gene regulation, and constructed a web-based server (SCREEN; http://screen.encodeproject.org) to provide flexible, user-defined access to this resource. Collectively, the ENCODE data and registry provide an expansive resource for the scientific community to build a better understanding of the organization and function of the human and mouse genomes.11Nsciescopu