219 research outputs found
Identification and inference on regressions with missing covariate data
This paper examines the problem of identification and inference on a conditional moment condition model with missing data, with special focus on the case when the conditioning covariates are missing. We impose no assumption on the distribution of the missing data and we confront the missing data problem by using a worst case scenario approach. We characterize the sharp identified set and argue that this set is usually too complex to compute or to use for inference. Given this difficulty, we consider the construction of outer identified sets (i.e. supersets of the identified set) that are easier to compute and can still characterize the parameter of interest. Two different outer identification strategies are proposed. Both of these strategies are shown to have non-trivial identifying power and are relatively easy to use and combine for inferential purposes
Breast cancer mortality in Spain: Has it really declined?
Objectives: In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer has increased in Spain but
mortality has decreased, particularly since 1992. Despite the general decrease in mortality,
the intensity of this disease differs between age groups. The main objective of this study
was to examine mortality due to breast cancer for different age groups in Spain from 1981
to 2007, and to forecast the mortality rate in 2023.
Study design: Ecological study.
Methods: Trends in mortality due to breast cancer were analysed using the LeeeCarter
model, which is the typical analysis for mortality in the general population but is rarely
used to analyse specific causes of death.
Results: This study found a decreasing trend in mortality due to breast cancer from 1993 to
2007, and it is predicted that this trend will continue. However, mortality rates varied
between age groups: a decreasing trend was seen in younger and middle-aged women,
whereas mortality rates remained stable in older women.
Conclusions: Preventive breast cancer practices should differ by patient age.Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain, Projects MTM2010-14961 and MTM2008-05152.Ălvaro Meca, A.; DebĂłn Aucejo, AM.; Gil Prieto, R.; Gil De Miguel, Ă. (2012). Breast cancer mortality in Spain: Has it really declined?. Public Health. 126(10):891-895. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.05.031S8918951261
Synthesis and H+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Coordination Behavior of a Bis(fluorophoric) Bibrachial Lariat Aza-Crown
The synthesis, protonation behavior, and Cu2+ and Zn2+ coordination chemistry of the novel bibrachial aza lariat ether (naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)[2-(20-{2-[(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl}-3,6,9,17,20,23,29,30-octaazatricyclo[23.3.1.1*11,15*]triaconta-1(29),11(30),12,14,25,27-hexaen-6-yl)ethyl]amine (L) are discussed. The macrocycle, which has two aminoethyl naphthyl moieties symmetrically appended to a 2:2 azapyridinophane structure, displays, in the pH range 2â11, six protonation steps that correspond to the protonation of the secondary amino groups. Steady-state fluorescence measurements show emissions due to the monomer and to the excimer formed between the two naphthalene fragments of the macrocycle. The time-resolved fluorescence data, obtained by the time-correlated single photon counting technique, show that a significant percentage of excimer is preformed as ground-state dimers. The ligand L forms with the metal ions Cu2+ and Zn2+ mono- and dinuclear complexes in aqueous solution. The influence of metal coordination in the fluorescence emission of L is analyzed. The acidâbase, coordination capabilities, and emissive behavior of L are compared with those presented by its synthetic precursor L1, which has a tripodal tris(2-aminoethyl)amine structure functionalized at one of its terminal amino groups with a naphthyl moiet
Improving Prognostication amongst Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An International, 16-Center Study to Validate and Recalibrate HALTHCC
Tracking mite trophic interactions by multiplex PCR
BACKGROUND
A thorough knowledge of trophic webs in agroecosystems is essential to achieve successful biological pest control. Phytoseiid mites are the most efficient natural enemies of tetranychid mites, which include several important pests worldwide. Nevertheless, phytoseiids may feed on other food sources including other microarthropods, plants and even other phytoseiids (intraguild predation), which can interfere with biological control services. Molecular gut content analysis is a valuable tool for characterizing trophic interactions, mainly when working on microarthropods such as mites. We have designed new primers for Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae and Thysanoptera identification and they have been multiplexed in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) together with universal plant primers. Additionally, we have estimated prey DNA detectability success over time (DS50) considering the most probable events in Spanish citrus orchards: the phytoseiid Euseius stipulatus as a predator, the phytoseiid Phytoseiulus persimilis as intraguild prey, and the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and Anaphothrips obscurus as alternative prey to Tetranychus urticae.
RESULTS
The designed multiplex PCR allows the identification of phytoseiids (both predator and intraguild prey) and detects alternative food sources mentioned above in the gut of the phytoseiid predator. DS50 for E. stipulatus as the predator were 1.3, 2.3 and 18.7 h post feeding for F. occidentalis, A. obscurus and P. persimilis as prey, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Tracking of the trophic relationships within the citrus acarofauna, and the unveiling of the role of alternative food sources will pave the way for enhancing T. urticae biological control. This multiplex PCR approach could be applicable for these purposes in similar agroecosystems
Preservation of phytosterol and PUFA during ready-to-eat lettuce shelf-life in active bio-package
Natural preservatives are used in food packages to improve the shelf life of perishable products. Carvacrol and
thymol, the main components of oregano essential oil (OEO), are used in active packaging due to their antimicrobial
and antioxidant properties. Here, the effect of a bioactive polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate
(PBS) package in the conservation of lettuce compounds with dietetic value is studied. Analytical pyrolysis (Py-
GC/MS) was used to detect changes in dietary components such are phytosterols (PHSTs) and polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFAs) after 1, 4 and 8 days of packaged in PLA/PBS (95:5%) films containing different OEO
concentrations (2â10%). Lettuce PUFAs and PHSTs content decreased when packed in films without OEO.
However, when packed in films containing 5 and 10% OEO, these bioactive components were preserved during
the estimated lettuce shelf life, for up to 8 days of storage
Measurement and correlation of isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium for the binary system of cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran
Bioluminescence Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Murine Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Model
Angiogenesis is essential for physiological processes as well as for carcinogenesis. New approaches to cancer therapy include targeting angiogenesis. One target is VEGF-A and its receptor VEGFR2. In this study, we sought to investigate pancreatic cancer angiogenesis in a genetically modified VEGFR2-luc-KI mouse
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