A Family Court for Virginia

The 1976 and 1977 sessions of the General Assembly of Virginia established a legislative study commission to consider the establishment of a family court system in Virginia. The study was conducted by the Family Court Subcommittee of the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council Committee to Study Services to Youthful Offenders, and its report was submitted to the Governor and to the General Assembly on January 6, 1978

Extending the technology acceptance model to evaluate discussion forum adoption in a learning management system

Published ArticleThe inclusion of ICT for educational purposes has burgeoned over the past decade. However, preliminary investigations indicate that e-learning systems remain underutilized, including systems such as discussion forums. The purpose of this study is to establish constructs that may promote adoption and use of discussion forums. The Technology Acceptance Model forms the theoretical framework for this study and is extended by including digital inclusion, perceived attention and perceived enjoyment. Thirty ICT students were purposively selected and interviewed. Findings suggest that perceived usefulness and ease along with digital inclusion may positively influence discussion forum adoption among undergraduate students

Respiratory risk assessment prior to extrathoracic surgery

Physicians are often asked to evaluate a patient prior to elective surgery for the purpose of risk identification and modification. Postoperative pulmonary complications are the most costly of the major postoperative medical complications, including cardiac, thromboembolic and infectious, and result in the lengthiest hospital stays. Therefore, estimation of respiratory risk should be a routine element of all preoperative medical evaluations. A diligent preoperative clinical evaluation, supplemented with appropriate preoperative pulmonary function testing, would identify the majority of important risk factors for postoperative complications. Risk reduction strategies can then be implemented to reduce complications, cost, and hospital stay

On the Nonquivalence of Shadow Prices and Dual Variables

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that in the event of degeneracy is present in an optimal basic solution to a linear programming problem, the optimal values of the dual variables doe no necessarily correspond to shadow prices. In such instances it will be shown how the actual values of the shadow prices may be determined and the nature of the relationship between shadow prices and dual variables

The role of traffic circles in constrained urban environments

Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Southern African Transport Conference 7-10 July 2014 "Leading Transport into the Future", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.National and international literature generally promotes traffic circles (roundabouts) as safe, efficient and cost effective alternatives to priority and signalised intersections. Research was conducted in eThekwini to evaluate the role of traffic circles in constrained urban environments. When priority intersections start experiencing high delays, local authorities are typically faced with the choice of replacing these intersections with traffic circles or traffic signals. The objective of the research was to quantify and compare the costs, environmental impacts (emissions), safety record and capacity of traffic circles versus traffic signals when the ability to expropriate additional land is both expensive and difficult. In such a scenario, are traffic circles able to be a competitive alternative to traffic signals? The research shows that, surprisingly, based on the above mentioned evaluation criteria, traffic signals still seem to offer both a safer and more cost effective option than traffic circles once the intersection reaches the traffic volumes that would warrant traffic signals.This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material was published using Adobe Acrobat 10.1.0 Technology. The original CD ROM was produced by CE Projects cc. Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected]

Langeberg: 50 jaar van inmaakprestasie 1940-1990

No abstract available

A NOVEL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN OR SPIRAMYCIN IN BULK DRUG SAMPLES AND DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: This study was aimed at developing an HPLC method that would be suitable and sufficiently robust to analyze clarithromycin or spiramycin from bulk materials, amorphous solid dispersions as well as when included into solid dosage forms.Methods: A C8 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used as stationary phase, the mobile phase consisted of 0.1 M dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and acetonitrile in a 50:50 (% v/v) ratio. The flow rate was set to 0.5 ml/min. UV detection of 210 nm was used for clarithromycin and 232 nm for spiramycin. Ambient column and sample tray temperatures were used.Results: The method proved to be suitable for the detection of both macrolide antibiotics in bulk samples, as part of amorphous solid dispersions as well as in dosage forms. The isocratic elution was rapid. The method was validated in terms of system suitability, limits of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity. This method showed linearity across the concentration range of 4.0–5000.0 µg/ml for both antibiotics.Conclusion: The developed method showed to be a simple and sufficiently sensitive method for the detection and quantification of either clarithromycin or spiramycin from samples that might contain even very small quantities of the antibiotics

A comparative study of tax relief measures for small medium and micro enterprises in South Africa and Australia

It has been acknowledged internationally and locally that small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) play a vital role in the economic growth of a country. SMMEs enhance a country’s economy by reducing unemployment and thus poverty through job creation. Unemployment in South Africa was 25,3% in the second quarter of 2010. It is thus important for the South African Government to support SMMEs in order to reduce the country’s unemployment rate. SMMEs should therefore have efficient tax systems with effective tax relief measures to facilitate their establishment as well as their future development. South Africa’s tax legislation currently does contain tax relief measures for SMMEs. However, improvement is still needed due to the country’s high unemployment rate. Much can be learnt from Australia as new legislation has recently been introduced in Australia which standardises the criteria for an entity to qualify as an SMME for tax purposes. As the focus of this research was on SMMEs, the study commenced with an analysis of the definition of an SMME. Thereafter, the tax relief measures currently available in South Africa and in Australia were identified. The reasons for the implementation of these relief measures together with previous research performed were included in the discussion. Finally, the South African and Australian tax relief measures were critically compared. As a result, this study will assist the South African Government to enhance the formation and development of SMMEs through identifying tax relief measures available in Australia, which have not yet been incorporated into South African tax legislation. It was not possible from the information obtained in this study to determine whether the tax relief measures currently available in Australia are suitable to be implemented in South Africa. Further research should be conducted to determine whether South African SMMEs will benefit from the tax relief measures available in Australia and whether it is appropriate to include those relief measures in South African tax legislation. AFRIKAANS : Daar word internasionaal en plaaslik erken dat klein, medium en mikro-ondernemings (KMMO’s) ʼn belangrike rol in ʼn land se ekonomiese groei speel. Deur werkskepping verminder KMMO’s die land se werkloosheid en dus armoede en sodoende word die land se ekonomie bevorder. Die werkloosheidsyfer in Suid-Afrika vir die tweede kwartaal van 2010 was 25,3%. Dit is dus belangrik vir die regering om KMMO’s te ondersteun om sodoende die land se werkloosheidsyfer te verlaag. KMMO’s behoort dus doeltreffende belastingstelsels te hê, met geskikte belastingverligtingsmaatreëls, om die stigting sowel as toekomstige ontwikkeling van hierdie entiteite te vergemaklik. Suid-Afrika se belastingwetgewing bevat tans belastingverligtingsmaatreëls vir KMMO’s. Weens die hoë werkloosheidsyfer, kan dit egter nog verbeter. Suid-Afrika kan baie van Australië leer, aangesien Australië onlangs nuwe wetgewing ingestel het wat die kriteria vir ʼn entiteit om as ʼn KMMO vir belastingdoeleindes te kwalifiseer, standaardiseer. Aangesien hierdie ondersoek gerig is op KMMO’s, begin die studie met ʼn ontleding van die definisie van ʼn KMMO. Daarna is die belastingverligtingsmaatreëls wat tans in Suid-Afrika en Australië beskikbaar is, geïdentifiseer. Die redes vir die implementering van hierdie belastingverligtingsmaatreëls sowel as vorige navorsing wat gedoen is, is ingesluit in die bespreking. Ten laaste is die Suid-Afrikaanse en die Australiese belastingverligtingsmaatreëls krities vergelyk. Die studie behoort die Suid-Afrikaanse regering te help om die stigting en toekomstige ontwikkeling van hierdie entiteite te vergemaklik deur Australiese belastingverligtingsmaatreëls, wat nog nie in die Suid-Afrikaanse belastingwetgewing vervat is nie, te identifiseer. Dit is nie moontlik om uit die inligting wat in hierdie studie verkry is, te bepaal of die belastingverligtingsmaatreëls wat tans in Australië beskikbaar is, geskik is om in Suid-Afrika toegepas te word nie. Verder navorsing sal kan bepaal of Suid-Afrikaanse KMMO’s voordeel sal trek uit die belastingverligting wat in Australië beskikbaar is en of dit geskik is om hierdie belastingverligting in Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing in te sluit.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.Taxationunrestricte

State of traffic signals and intelligent transport systems in South African cities

The presentation will cover the traffic signal system in eThekwini, including the number of signals, design, controller types and the In-station. It will also show the design of the signals for the Go!Durban IPTN system. The ITS part of the presentation will cover the Integrated Fare Management System, Public Transport Management Systems (Lite) and the Traffic Management Centre for Go!Durban. Lastly, the current state of the Freeway Management System will be discussed.Papers presented at the 40th International Southern African Transport Conference on 04 -08 July 202