Rapid detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate in frozen sections of IDH mutant tumors by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

All isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant solid neoplasms exhibit highly elevated levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). Detection of 2HG in tumor tissues currently is performed by gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- or LC-MS) or biochemical detection. While these methods are highly accurate, a considerable amount of time for tissue preparation and a relatively high amount of tissue is required for testing. We here present a rapid approach to detect 2HG in brain tumor tissue based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). We analyzed 26 brain tumor samples with known IDH1 or IDH2 mutation and compared readouts to those from 28 brain tumor samples of wildtype IDH status. IDH mutant samples exhibited a clear positive signal for 2HG which was not observed in any of the IDH wildtype tumors. Our analytical pipeline allowed for 2HG detection in less than 5 min. Data were validated by determining 2HG levels in all tissues with a biochemical assay. In conclusion, we developed a protocol for rapid detection of 2HG levels and illustrate the possibility to use MALDI-TOF for the detection of metabolites on frozen tissue sections in a diagnostic setting

Green Edge ice camp campaigns : understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies

Microplasma arrays operating in DC fabricated by microelectronic technologies

International audienc

An anomaly detection approach to monitor the structure-based navigation in agricultural robotics

International audienc

Chapitre 7. Dimensions économique et sociotechnique de l'épandage des Mafor

Ce chapitre aborde les multiples dimensions de l’existence sociale des Mafor, ces matières qui adviennent auxsociétés le plus souvent comme en excès par rapport à un processus premier de production ou d’utilisation etdont il faut bien, cependant, organiser le devenir. La problématique n’est pas nouvelle, on aura l’occasion de lerappeler, mais elle prend une acuité toute particulière avec l’accroissement des quantités produites et la montéedes exigences présidant à leur gestion.Plusieurs angles d’approche ont été croisés pour éclairer cet enjeu sensible et complexe. En particulier estprésenté dans ce chapitre le fonctionnement économique des marchés des Mafor, en termes de prix, de coûts, etd’évaluation économique des externalités générées par l’utilisation agricole des Mafor. L’expérience sociale desmultiples groupes concernés par certains débordements, redoutés ou vécus, de ces trajectoires, comme lesnuisances odorantes que peuvent provoquer les épandages, sont également abordés.La section consacrée à l’économie des Mafor concerne plus précisément l’organisation des marchés de Mafor.Rassemblant des données éparses et lacunaires, elle s’efforce en premier lieu d’éclairer la question du prix, ouplus exactement des prix des Mafor – qui s’étagent de « 0€ rendu racine » pour les boues urbaines à 426€/t pourl’engrais à base de guano de poisson – et de cerner quelques-uns de leurs déterminants. Dans la mesure où lesMafor sont, partiellement, substituables aux engrais de synthèse, une partie est également consacrée àl’évolution des prix de ces engrais. L’analyse économique se poursuit par une tentative de reconstitution descoûts de gestion des Mafor, et se prolonge par une réflexion sur le coût des impacts environnementaux liés auxépandages de Mafor, une problématique qui n’en est encore qu’à ses balbutiements.La question des coûts intervient à n’en pas douter dans la décision des agriculteurs de recourir ou non à desMafor. Mais on ne saurait réduire à cet enjeu économique la problématique de l’insertion des Mafor dans lessystèmes techniques, abordé dans une deuxième partie. L’analyse est déployée à un double niveau : celui del’exploitation agricole d’une part, celui des territoires de circulation des Mafor d’autre part. Il s'agit de reconstituerle jeu des déterminants qui peuvent conduire des agriculteurs à utiliser des Mafor : ils apparaissent liés pourpartie aux représentations qu’ils se font des Mafor, et pour une autre partie à un ensemble de critères relevant del’univers technico-professionnel. Mais quels que soient ses déterminants, qui restent à mieux préciser, la décisiond’usage ouvre un nouvel ordre de questionnement : qu’est-ce qui va conduire, en fin de compte, l’agriculteur àépandre telle quantité de telle Mafor sur telle parcelle ? Les facteurs principaux qui gouvernent la déterminationtechnique des parcelles et des périodes d’épandage, l’attribution de certaines Mafor à certaines cultures, et enfinle complexe calcul des doses d’apport sont ainsi recensés. A cet égard, si la variabilité des teneurs en élémentsfertilisants et les faibles connaissances et confiance des agriculteurs dans les modèles de dynamique deminéralisation des Mafor rendent leur insertion dans le raisonnement agronomique complexe, certains outilsd’aide à la décision peuvent toutefois le faciliter. Enfin est synthétisé un ensemble de travaux consacrés à lagestion territoriale des Mafor, échelle qui s’impose lorsque la production dépasse la capacité d’épandage. Larecherche vise notamment à fournir des outils d’objectivation des surfaces disponibles à l’échelle d’un territoire,et à modéliser les échanges entre producteurs et utilisateurs

The factory of the future: two case studies to illustrate the role of energy in two industrial sectors

International audienceThe "factory of the future" is a widely discussed concept which promises to underpin the next wave of productivity in industry by integrating new technologies-especially information and communication technologies-into industrial production. Based on a comprehensive bibliography analysis, this article refines the concept of the factory of the future as a factory combining smart, green and human dimensions to achieve a higher level of productivity.The concept of the factory of the future stresses the central role of information networks for optimising and flexibilising production processes. In addition, energy supply and energy usage are decisive levers in enhancing the global productivity by using energy in the optimal way. The smart, green and human dimensions of the factory of the future are involved in each industry sector. However, each sector faces specific challenges. This is illustrated by two case studies on the role of energy in two different industry sectors. A sugar factory is analysed as an illustration of the energy intensive process industry, where gains are achieved by mastering local energy production and thermodynamic processes. Combined heat and power generation allows quasi-energy-autonomous factories and energy is reused several times in cascades in the production process. A production machine factory is analysed as an illustration of the downstream industry in which the smart use of energy increases productivity. This innovative factory uses the best available technologies, on site energy production with renewable energies, heat recovery and storage, the use of natural lighting and cooling for factory buildings and energy management systems. These two examples underline that the factory of the future will take multiple forms. These examples also show that the factory of the future is already built today. For energy companies, issues related to the factory of the future are the decentralised production of energy mainly based on renewable energies, the monitoring and management of energy consumption using information and communication technologies, flexible and adaptive energy networks to allow flexible and modular production and energy analysis methods for the improvement of energy-intensive production processes. The concept of the factory of the future remains a challenge for the energy companies. Many aspects of the factory of the future can be built through continuous improvement which can be integrated in daily operations. However, new business models and technological disruptions can bring unforeseen changes to industry

The factory of the future: two case studies to illustrate the role of energy in two industrial sectors

International audienceThe "factory of the future" is a widely discussed concept which promises to underpin the next wave of productivity in industry by integrating new technologies-especially information and communication technologies-into industrial production. Based on a comprehensive bibliography analysis, this article refines the concept of the factory of the future as a factory combining smart, green and human dimensions to achieve a higher level of productivity.The concept of the factory of the future stresses the central role of information networks for optimising and flexibilising production processes. In addition, energy supply and energy usage are decisive levers in enhancing the global productivity by using energy in the optimal way. The smart, green and human dimensions of the factory of the future are involved in each industry sector. However, each sector faces specific challenges. This is illustrated by two case studies on the role of energy in two different industry sectors. A sugar factory is analysed as an illustration of the energy intensive process industry, where gains are achieved by mastering local energy production and thermodynamic processes. Combined heat and power generation allows quasi-energy-autonomous factories and energy is reused several times in cascades in the production process. A production machine factory is analysed as an illustration of the downstream industry in which the smart use of energy increases productivity. This innovative factory uses the best available technologies, on site energy production with renewable energies, heat recovery and storage, the use of natural lighting and cooling for factory buildings and energy management systems. These two examples underline that the factory of the future will take multiple forms. These examples also show that the factory of the future is already built today. For energy companies, issues related to the factory of the future are the decentralised production of energy mainly based on renewable energies, the monitoring and management of energy consumption using information and communication technologies, flexible and adaptive energy networks to allow flexible and modular production and energy analysis methods for the improvement of energy-intensive production processes. The concept of the factory of the future remains a challenge for the energy companies. Many aspects of the factory of the future can be built through continuous improvement which can be integrated in daily operations. However, new business models and technological disruptions can bring unforeseen changes to industry

Si-based Micro Hollow Cathode Discharges : from Fabrication to Application

International audienc