A hasüregi gyulladásos megbetegedések és ezek sebészeti szövődményeként jelentkező motilitási zavarok, transluminaris gyulladások, peritonealis adhesiók megelőzésének lehetőségei = Inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity and prevention of their surgical complications, such as motility disorders, transluminar inflammations, and peritoneal adhesions

A bél beidegzésének vizsgálata a bél komplex működésében kulcsszerepet játszik. A nitrikus és cholinerg beidegzés valamint a neuronális pacemaker funkcióval bíró Cajal sejtek morphológiai változásai meghatározzák a bél pathologiáját is. Diabetesben, enterocolitisben, cytostatikus kezelésben az enteropathia mértkével szorosan korreláló elváltozásokat találtunk, amely a bél működésének romlására ad magyarázatot. A peritoneális összenövések kivédésében az arteficiális surfactanttel láttunk biztató eredményeket, amely alapja lehet egy posztoperativ összenövéseket csökkentő és minden műtéten átesett betegnél alkalmazható szer kifejlesztésében. A bél epithelialis sejtvonal in vitro tenyésztésével nyert modell segítségével eredményesen tanulmányoztuk a sejtmembránok viselkedését, az egyes anyagok transzportját, baktérium transzlokációkat betegségek során fellépő toxikus állapotokban. | Investigation of complex enteric nervous system plays a key role to better understand bowel pathology. Morphological changes in nitrergic, cholinerg and Cajal cells with pacemaker activity may responsible for the pathophysiology. During our investigations we found correlation between morphological changes and loss of bowel function in diabetes, enterocolitis and cytostatic treatment. Prevention of peritoneal adhesions was very promising using arteficial surfactant. A postoperative adhesions blocking drug could be developed based on our results. On our model using intestinal epithelial cell lines we could examine changes in cell membrane functions and molecular transport, bacterial translocation during toxical conditions related to human diseases

Emerging novel porcine parvoviruses in Europe: origin, evolution, phylodynamics and phylogeography

To elucidate the spatiotemporal phylodynamics, dispersion and evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of novel porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2), PPV3 and PPV4 species, we analysed all available complete capsid genes, together with ours, obtained in Europe. Bayesian phylogeography indicates that Romania (PPV2 and PPV4) and Croatia (PPV3) are the most likely ancestral areas from which PPVs have subsequently spread to other European countries and regions. The timescale of our reconstruction supported a relatively recent history of the currently circulating novel PPV species (1920s to 1980s) in the domestic or sylvatic host. While PPV2 strains exhibited a large genetic exchange characterized by significant recombination and gene flow between distinct regions and hosts, PPV3 and PPV4 showed a diversification reflected by the accumulation of geographically structured polymorphisms. The RNA-like evolutionary rates detected inter- and intrahost recombination and the positive selection sites provided evidence that the PPV2-4 capsid gene plays a prominent role in host adaptation

Performance of DNA methylation assays for detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+): a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: To conduct a meta-analysis of performance of DNA methylation in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). METHODS: Medline and Embase databases were searched for studies of methylation markers versus histological endpoints. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for CIN2+ were derived from bivariate models. Relative sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ compared to cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping were pooled using random-effects models. RESULTS: Sixteen thousand three hundred thirty-six women in 43 studies provided data on human genes (CADM1, MAL, MIR-124-2, FAM19A4, POU4F3, EPB41L3, PAX1, SOX1) and HPV16 (L1/L2). Most (81%) studies evaluated methylation assays following a high-risk (HR)-HPV-positive or abnormal cytology result. Pooled CIN2+ and CIN3+ prevalence was 36.7% and 21.5%. For a set specificity of 70%, methylation sensitivity for CIN2+ and CIN3+ were 68.6% (95% CI: 62.9-73.8) and 71.1% (95% CI: 65.7-76.0) and PPV were 53.4% (95% CI: 44.4-62.1) and 35.0% (95% CI: 28.9-41.6). Among HR-HPV+ women, the relative sensitivity of methylation for CIN2+ was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.63-1.04) and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.05-1.42) compared to cytology of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, or greater (ASCUS+) and HPV16/18 genotyping, respectively, while relative specificity was 1.25 (95% CI: 0.99-1.59) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94-1.13), respectively. CONCLUSION: DNA methylation is significantly higher in CIN2+ and CIN3+ compared to <= CIN1. As triage test, DNA methylation has higher specificity than cytology ASCUS+ and higher sensitivity than HPV16/18 genotyping

Methylation in predicting progression of untreated high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

BACKGROUND: There is no baseline prognostic test to ascertain whether cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) will regress or progress. The majority of CIN regress in young women and since local treatments are known to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes interventions need to be sparing. We investigated the ability of a DNA methylation panel (the S5-classifier) to discriminate between progression and regression among women of childbearing age with untreated CIN grade 2 (CIN2). METHODS: Pyrosequencing methylation and HPV genotyping assays were performed on exfoliated cervical cells from 149 young women with CIN2 in a 2-year cohort study of active surveillance. RESULTS: Twenty-five lesions progressed to CIN grade 3 or worse, 88 regressed to less than CIN grade 1, and 36 lesions persisted as CIN1/2. When cytology, HPV16/18- and HPV16/18/31/33-genotyping, and S5 at baseline were compared to outcomes, S5 was the strongest biomarker associated with regression versus progression. S5 alone or in combination with HPV16/18/31/33-genotyping also showed significantly increased sensitivity versus cytology, comparing regression vs. persistence/progression. With both S5 and cytology tests set at a specificity of 38.6% (95% CI 28.4-49.6) the sensitivity of S5 was significantly higher (83.6%, 95% CI 71.9-91.8) than for cytology (62.3%, 95% CI 49.0-74.4) (p=0.005). The highest area under the curve (AUC) was 0.735 (95% CI 0.621-0.849) in the regression vs. progression outcome with a combination of S5 and cytology, whereas HPV16/18 or HPV16/18/31/33-genotyping did not provide additional prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: The S5-classifier shows high potential as a prognostic biomarker to identify women with progressive CIN2.Peer reviewe

Methylation in Predicting Progression of Untreated High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

BackgroundThere is no prognostic test to ascertain whether cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) regress or progress. The majority of CINs regress in young women, and treatments increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the ability of a DNA methylation panel (the S5 classifier) to discriminate between outcomes among young women with untreated CIN grade 2 (CIN2).MethodsBaseline pyrosequencing methylation and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assays were performed on cervical cells from 149 women with CIN2 in a 2-year cohort study of active surveillance.ResultsTwenty-five lesions progressed to CIN grade 3 or worse, 88 regressed to less than CIN grade 1, and 36 persisted as CIN1/2. When cytology, HPV16/18 and HPV16/18/31/33 genotyping, and the S5 classifier were compared to outcomes, the S5 classifier was the strongest biomarker associated with regression vs progression. The S5 classifier alone or in combination with HPV16/18/31/33 genotyping also showed significantly increased sensitivity vs cytology when comparing regression vs persistence/progression. With both the S5 classifier and cytology set at a specificity of 38.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.4–49.6), the sensitivity of the S5 classifier was significantly higher (83.6%; 95% CI, 71.9–91.8) than of cytology (62.3%; 95% CI, 49.0–74.4; P = 0.005). The highest area under the curve was 0.735 (95% CI, 0.621–0.849) in comparing regression vs progression with a combination of the S5 classifier and cytology, whereas HPV genotyping did not provide additional information.ConclusionsThe S5 classifier shows high potential as a prognostic biomarker to identify progressive CIN2.</div

Performance of an affordable urine self-sampling method for human papillomavirus detection in Mexican women

Introduction: Urine self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical cancer screening is a non-invasive method that offers several logistical advantages and high acceptability, reducing barriers related to low screening coverage. This study developed and evaluated the performance of a low-cost urine self-sampling method for HPV-testing and explored the acceptability and feasibility of potential implementation of this alternative in routine screening. Methods: A series of sequential laboratory assays examined the impact of several pre-analytical conditions for obtaining DNA from urine and subsequent HPV detection. Initially, we assessed the effect of ethylaminediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a DNA preservative examining several variables including EDTA concentration, specimen storage temperature, time between urine collection and DNA extraction, and first-morning micturition versus convenience sample collection. We further evaluated the agreement of HPV-testing between urine and clinician-collected cervical samples among 95 women. Finally, we explored the costs of self-sampling supplies as well as the acceptability and feasibility of urine self-sampling among women and healthcare workers. Results: Our results revealed higher DNA concentrations were obtained when using a 40mM EDTA solution, storing specimens at 25°C and extracting DNA within 72 hrs. of urine collection, regardless of using first-morning micturition or a convenience sampling. We observed good agreement (Kappa = 0.72) between urine and clinician-collected cervical samples for HPV detection. Furthermore, urine self-sampling was an affordable method (USD 1.10), well accepted among cervical cancer screening users, healthcare workers, and decision-makers. Conclusion: These results suggest urine self-sampling is feasible and appropriate alternative for HPV-testing in HPV-based screening programs in lower-resource contexts

Population-based prevalence of cervical infection with human papillomavirus genotypes 16 and 18 and other high risk types in Tlaxcala, Mexico

This study was supported by the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, the Coordinación de Investigación en Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, the Secretaría de Salud Tlaxcala, the Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres, and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [FOSISS 2013 202468]. Additional support has been provided by Roche Diagnostics, BD Diagnostics, DICIPA and Arbor Vita Corporation. The study sponsors did not played a role in designing the study, collecting, analyzing or interpreting the data, writing the report, or submitting this paper for publication. UC Berkeley Center for Global Public Health, Schoeneman Grant, Joint Medical Program Thesis Grant, and Cancer Research UK (C569/A10404)

Identification of ZDHHC14 as a novel human tumour suppressor gene

Genomic changes affecting tumour suppressor genes are fundamental to cancer. We applied SNP array analysis to a panel of testicular germ cell tumours to search for novel tumour suppressor genes and identified a frequent small deletion on 6q25.3 affecting just one gene, ZDHHC14. The expression of ZDHHC14, a putative protein palmitoyltransferase with unknown cellular function, was decreased at both RNA and protein levels in testicular germ cell tumours. ZDHHC14 expression was also significantly decreased in a panel of prostate cancer samples and cell lines. In addition to our findings of genetic and protein expression changes in clinical samples, inducible overexpression of ZDHHC14 led to reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis through the classic caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and heterozygous knockout of ZDHHC14 decreased cell colony formation ability. Finally, we confirmed our in vitro findings of the tumour suppressor role of ZDHHC14 in a mouse xenograft model, showing that overexpression of ZDHHC14 inhibits tumourigenesis. Thus, we have identified a novel tumour suppressor gene that is commonly down-regulated in testicular germ cell tumours and prostate cancer, as well as given insight into the cellular functional role of ZDHHC14, a potential protein palmitoyltransferase that may play a key protective role in cancer