Synthesis and enantiomeric recognition studies of a novel 5,5-dioxophenothiazine-1,9 bis(thiourea) containing glucopyranosyl groups

A novel optically active 5,5-dioxophenothiazine-1,9 bis(thiourea) containing glucopyranosyl groups was synthesized and its enantiomeric recognition properties were examined towards the enantiomers of tetrabutylammonium salts of chiral α-hydroxy and N-protected α-amino acids using UV–vis spectroscopy

Sortilin Is Expressed in Cultured Human Keratinocytes and Is Regulated by Cutaneous Neuropeptides

Sortilin, a member of the family of Vps10p domain receptors, has been shown to be able to bind the precursor peptide of nerve growth factor (proNGF). ProNGF interacts with sortilin and the p75NTR receptor on the cell surface to form a molecular complex capable of activating an apoptotic cascade. Keratinocytes can secrete proNGF and they have p75NTR on their surface. The expression of sortilin in normal human keratinocytes has not yet been clearly shown. In this study, we show that keratinocytes express sortilin mRNA, and the presence of sortilin protein is shown in cultured keratinocytes and in normal human skin. We have also shown that the cutaneous neuropeptides substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and galanin are able to reduce the expression of sortilin mRNA and sortilin protein in cultured human keratinocytes. In addition, each of the analyzed neuropeptides has the ability to arrest the proNGF-induced apoptosis of human keratinocytes. These results suggest that all the participants in the NGF/proNGF pathway are present in the keratinocytes, and cutaneous neuropeptides can modulate their expressions and actions. The NGF/proNGF balance and its regulation by neuropeptides may have an important role in skin homeostasis

Unique fluoride anion complexation in basic media by 5,5-dioxophenothiazine bis(phenylurea) and bis(phenylthiourea)

The anion recognition properties of the newly synthesized 5,5-dioxophenothiazine bis(phenylurea) and bis(phenylthiourea) were investigated in acetonitrile using UV–vis spectroscopy. While most of the studied anions were bound only by the neutral receptors, fluoride and acetate were complexed even by the deprotonated ones

Superdiffusive quantum work and adiabatic quantum evolution in finite temperature chaotic Fermi systems

We study the full distribution of quantum work in generic, noninteracting, disordered fermionic nanosystems at finite temperature. We derive an analytical determinant formula for the characteristic function of work statistics for quantum quenches starting from a thermal initial state. For work small compared to the thermal energy of the Fermi gas, work distribution is Gaussian, and the variance of work is proportional to the average work, while in the low-temperature or large-work limit, a non-Gaussian distribution with superdiffusive work fluctuations is observed. Similarly, the time dependence of the probability of adiabaticity crosses over from an exponential to a stretched exponential behavior. For large enough average work, the work distribution becomes universal, and depends only on the temperature and the mean work. Apart from initial low-temperature transients, work statistics are well captured by a Markovian energy-space diffusion process of hardcore particles, starting from a thermal initial state. Our findings can be verified by measurements on nanoscale circuits or via single qubit interferometry

A Bioorthogonal Double Fluorogenic Probe to Visualize Protein–DNA Interaction

Two sets of bioorthogonally applicable, double fluorogenic probes, capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions, were prepared by installing an azide or tetrazine motif onto structurally fluorogenic, DNA sensitive frames. Installation of these bioorthogonal functions onto DNA intercalating dyes furnished these scaffolds with reactivity based fluorogenicity, rendering these probes double-fluorogenic, AND-type logic switches that require the simultaneous occurrence of a bioorthogonal reaction and interaction with DNA to trigger high intensity fluorescence. The probes were evaluated for double fluorogenic behavior in the presence/absence of DNA and a complementary bioorthogonal function. Our studies revealed that azide and tetrazine appending thiazole orange frames show remarkable double fluorogenic features. One of these probes, a membrane permeable tetrazine modified thiazole orange derivative was further tested in live cell labeling studies. Cells expressing bioorthogonalized DNA-binding proteins showed intensive fluorescence characteristics of the localization of the proteins upon treatment with our double fluorogenic probe. On the contrary, labeling similarly bioorthogonalized cytosolic proteins did not result in the appearance of the fluorescence signal. These studies suggest that such double-fluorogenic probes are indeed capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions in cells