132 research outputs found
Study on the Pathogenesis of Foreign Body Granulomatous Inflammation in the Livers of Sprague-Dawley Rats
Focal granulomatous inflammation developed in the livers of five 10-week-old male
Sprague-Dawley rats. The characteristic features of this lesion were the
presence of foreign body multinucleated giant cells engulfing calcium deposits
and site-specific development in a fissure formed in a sub-lobation in the left
lobe or interlobar fissure of the medial lobe of the liver. To clarify the
pathogenesis of this lesion, rat livers showing abnormal sub-lobation or lobar
atrophy, rat livers in an acute dermal toxicity study and guinea pig livers in a
skin sensitization test were also examined histologically. Consequently, the
present lesion was considered to be a reactive change against calcium that was
dystrophically deposited in the area of hepatocellular necrosis due to delayed
circulatory disturbance caused by external pressure or extension force.
Granulomatous lesions like in the present cases should be differentiated from
those caused by evident exogenous pathogens such as chemicals or
microorganisms
Analytical solutions of jam pattern formation on a ring for a class of optimal velocity traffic models
A follow-the-leader model of traffic flow on a closed loop is considered in the framework of the extended optimal velocity (OV) model where the driver reacts to both the following and the preceding car. Periodic wave train solutions that describe the formation of traffic congestion patterns are found analytically. Their velocity and amplitude are determined from a perturbation approach based on collective coordinates with the discrete modified Korteweg-de Vries equation as the zero order equation. This contains the standard OV model as a special case. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with numerical solutions
Long-term prognosis of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction in the era of acute revascularization
Abstract Background The long-term prognosis of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by acute revascularization is uncertain, and the optimal pharmacotherapy for such cases has not been fully evaluated. Methods To elucidate the long-term prognosis and prognostic factors in diabetic patients with AMI, a prospective, cohort study involving 3021 consecutive AMI patients was conducted. All patients discharged alive from hospital were followed to monitor their prognosis every year. The primary endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events. To elucidate the effect of various factors on the long-term prognosis of AMI patients with diabetes, the patients were divided into two groups matched by propensity scores and analyzed retrospectively. Results Diabetes was diagnosed in 1102 patients (36.5%). During the index hospitalization, coronary angioplasty and coronary thrombolysis were performed in 58.1% and 16.3% of patients, respectively. In-hospital mortality of diabetic patients with AMI was comparable to that of non-diabetic AMI patients (9.2% and 9.3%, respectively). In total, 2736 patients (90.6%) were discharged alive and followed for a median of 4.2 years (follow-up rate, 96.0%). The long-term survival rate was worse in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group, but not significantly different (hazard ratio, 1.20 [0.97-1.49], p = 0.09). On the other hand, AMI patients with diabetes showed a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular events than the non-diabetic group (1.40 [1.20-1.64], p Conclusions Although diabetic patients with AMI have more frequent adverse events than non-diabetic patients with AMI, the present results suggest that acute revascularization and standard therapy with aspirin and RAS inhibitors may improve their prognosis.</p
Stability Transfer between Two Clock Lasers Operating at Different Wavelengths for Absolute Frequency Measurement of Clock Transition in 87Sr
We demonstrated transferring the stability of one highly stable clock laser
operating at 729 nm to another less stable laser operating at 698 nm. The two
different wavelengths were bridged using an optical frequency comb. The
improved stability of the clock laser at 698 nm enabled us to evaluate the
systematic frequency shifts of the Sr optical lattice clock with shorter
averaging time. We determined the absolute frequency of the clock transition
1S0 - 3P0 in 87Sr to be 429 228 004 229 873.9 (1.4) Hz referenced to the SI
second on the geoid via International Atomic Time (TAI)
Relationship between charge redistribution and ferromagnetism at the heterointerface between perovskite oxides LaNiO3 and LaMnO
To investigate the relationship between the charge redistribution and
ferromagnetism at the heterointerface between perovskite transition-metal
oxides LaNiO (LNO) and LaMnO (LMO), we performed x-ray absorption
spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. In the
LNO/LMO heterostructures with asymmetric charge redistribution, the electrons
donated from Mn to Ni ions are confined within one monolayer (ML) of LNO at the
interface, whereas holes are distributed over 3-4 ML on the LMO side. A
detailed analysis of the Ni- and Mn- XMCD spectra reveals
that Ni magnetization is induced only by the Ni ions in the 1 ML LNO
adjacent to the interface, while the magnetization of Mn ions is increased in
the 3-4 ML LMO of the interfacial region. The characteristic length scale of
the emergent (increased) interfacial ferromagnetism of the LNO (LMO) layers is
in good agreement with that of the charge distribution across the interface,
indicating a close relationship between the charge redistribution due to the
interfacial charge transfer and the ferromagnetism of the LNO/LMO interface.
Furthermore, the XMCD spectra clearly demonstrate that the vectors of induced
magnetization of both ions are aligned ferromagnetically, suggesting that the
delicate balance between the exchange interactions occurring inside each layer
and across the interface may induce the canted ferromagnetism of Ni
ions, resulting in weak magnetization in the 1 ML LNO adjacent to the
interface.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure
Two novel missense mutations in the myostatin gene identified in Japanese patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
BACKGROUND: Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Truncating mutations in the myostatin gene have been reported to result in gross muscle hypertrophy. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common lethal muscle wasting disease, is a result of an absence of muscle dystrophin. Although this disorder causes a rather uniform pattern of muscle wasting, afflicted patients display phenotypic variability. We hypothesized that genetic variation in myostatin is a modifier of the DMD phenotype. METHODS: We analyzed 102 Japanese DMD patients for mutations in the myostatin gene. RESULTS: Two polymorphisms that are commonly observed in Western countries, p.55A>T and p.153K>R, were not observed in these Japanese patients. An uncommon polymorphism of p.164E>K was uncovered in four cases; each patient was found to be heterozygous for this polymorphism, which had the highest frequency of the polymorphism observed in the Japanese patients. Remarkably, two patients were found to be heterozygous for one of two novel missense mutations (p.95D>H and p.156L>I). One DMD patient carrying a novel missense mutation of p.95D>H was not phenotypically different from the non-carriers. The other DMD patient was found to carry both a novel mutation (p.156L>I) and a known polymorphism (p.164E>K) in one allele, although his phenotype was not significantly modified. Any nucleotide change creating a target site for micro RNAs was not disclosed in the 3' untranslated region. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that heterozygous missense mutations including two novel mutations did not produce an apparent increase in muscle strength in Japanese DMD cases, even in a patient carrying two missense mutations
Review Article : Feudalism or Absolute Monarchism?
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68809/2/10.1177_009770049001600304.pd
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