Head stabilisation during running in place of children with varying motor proficiency levels

Understanding head motion in children may contribute to development of effective strategies to improve coordination of children. The purpose of this study was to investigate head motion in children during stationary running. Twelve healthy 8-year-old children participated in this study and underwent a running proficiency test based on the Test for Gross Motor Proficiency (TGMO). Subjects were then videotaped while running for one minute on the spot . Reflective markers were digitised for analysis of head motion relative to the external environment, and relative to the trunk. Resultant and component head angular velocities were calculated for each subject over five consecutive stride cycles. The relationship between these head movement variables and running proficiency was also investigated. Independence of head and trunk movement was also investigated to determine whether joint independence is an invariant characteristic of running skill proficiency. Temporal characteristics of head angular velocity profiles were also compared to investigate the consistency of head stabilisation for each subject. Research indicated that head stabilisation of all children during running in place was sufficient to maintain maximum possible quality of visual and vestibular information used for development of running skill. No significant relationship was found between head angular velocity and running proficiency, although one low proficiency subject exhibited consistent head stabilisation patterns across five stride cycles. Head stabilisation of the participants in this study was found to be well within the limit of reliability for visual and vestibular information. The timing of head stabilisation during the stride cycle was inconsistent for all running proficiency levels, and further investigation is necessary to validate these findings, particularly for subjects with low motor skill proficiency

Predicting the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Difficult Endotracheal Intubation in a Surgical Population in a Rural Community Hospital Setting

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework with practical application for facilitating patient flow through the operative process using the Lean philosophy to minimized delays and cancellations. Theoretical orientation: Efficient, quality patient care has always been the hallmark of Nurse Anesthetist practice. Lean healthcare introduces continuous quality improvement (CQI) processes used in Lean manufacturing to the healthcare system. The principal aspect of Lean healthcare is the concept of a value stream where work is standardized, work flow is streamlined and waste is eliminated, thus creating value. Nature of Review: In the surgical suite waits, delays and cancellation are endemic. Lean healthcare views these as waste in the system. They must be eliminated to provide value to the patient, who is the ultimate customer. Managing the flow of the patient successfully through this process will increase the quality of patient care ( value ), increase patient and provider satisfaction, increase operating room efficiency and reduce cost. Nurse Anesthetists are uniquely positioned in the operative arena to accomplish this. The greatest opportunity to reduce delays and cancellations is seen with smoothing the inter-daily workload. Successful interventions to accomplish this include: 1) maximizing the preoperative anesthesia assessment, 2) standardizing and streamlining work during the perioperative phase to minimize turn over time, and 3) adequate staffing levels to optimize postoperatively care

Deciding When To Initiate Social Security Benefits

People nearing retirement face a well-known decision: When should to begin taking social security benefits? The answer may not seem obvious since there are key trade-offs involved. The retiree can choose low benefits for a longer period of time, or high benefits for a shorter period of time, or something in between.  The optimal initiation date that maximizes social security wealth is a quantitative question and it depends on the life expectancy of the person and on the real rate of return they expect to earn on their investments, among other things. We attempt to provide some answers to this practical and important question.  Our focus throughout is on relatively high-wealth individuals who will receive the maximum social security benefits.  We show how the government’s social security benefit calculator can be very misleading. We also include how the decision may be different for a married couple.  We conclude with the following rough guideline.  If you expect to make a good return on your investments, you should take the benefits early (i.e. at age 62).  If you expect to make modest investment returns and you expect to live a long time, you should take the benefits later, (i.e. at age 70)

HEAD MOVEMENT IN OVERARM THROWING FOR CHILDREN WITH VARYING LEVELS OF MOTOR PROFICIENCY

The purpose of this study was to investigate head motion of children of varying levels of motor ability performing an overarm throw towards a forward facing target. Ten ten-yearold children were analysed using three-dimensional veideographic techniques. Angular motion of the head about its three axes was determined with respect to the external reference frame and with respect to the trunk. It was found that all subjects stabilised their heads during the performance of the throw. The angular velocity of the head immediately prior to release small despite large trunk angular velocity

HEAD STABILISATION DURING RUNNING IN PLACE OF CHILDREN WITH VARYING MOTOR PROFICIENCY LEVELS

The purpose of this study was to investigate head motion in children during stationary running. Participants in this study underwent a running proficiency test based on the Test for Gross Motor Proficiency (TGMD), and then underwent a one-minute trial of running on the spot while being videotaped. Head stabilisation for all subjects was found to remain well within the functional range of the vestibulo-occular reflex (VOR) and no significant relationship was found between running proficiency and head angular velocity. Proficient subjects moved the head independently of the trunk

Charnel practices in medieval England: new perspectives

Studies of English medieval funerary practice have paid limited attention to the curation of human remains in charnel houses. Yet analysis of architectural, archaeological and documentary evidence, including antiquarian accounts, suggests that charnelling was more widespread in medieval England than has hitherto been appreciated, with many charnel houses dismantled at the sixteenth-century Reformation. The survival of a charnel house and its human remains at Rothwell, Northamptonshire permits a unique opportunity to analyse charnel practice at a medieval parish church. Employing architectural, geophysical and osteological analysis, we present a new contextualisation of medieval charnelling. We argue that the charnel house at Rothwell, a subterranean room constructed during the thirteenth century, may have been a particularly sophisticated example of an experiment born out of beliefs surrounding Purgatory. Our approach enables re-evaluation of the surviving evidence for charnel practice in England and enhances wider narratives of medieval charnelling across Europe