Deciding When To Initiate Social Security Benefits

Abstract

People nearing retirement face a well-known decision: When should to begin taking social security benefits? The answer may not seem obvious since there are key trade-offs involved. The retiree can choose low benefits for a longer period of time, or high benefits for a shorter period of time, or something in between.  The optimal initiation date that maximizes social security wealth is a quantitative question and it depends on the life expectancy of the person and on the real rate of return they expect to earn on their investments, among other things. We attempt to provide some answers to this practical and important question.  Our focus throughout is on relatively high-wealth individuals who will receive the maximum social security benefits.  We show how the government’s social security benefit calculator can be very misleading. We also include how the decision may be different for a married couple.  We conclude with the following rough guideline.  If you expect to make a good return on your investments, you should take the benefits early (i.e. at age 62).  If you expect to make modest investment returns and you expect to live a long time, you should take the benefits later, (i.e. at age 70)

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