Machine learning based intrusion detection system for software defined networks

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) is an emerging area that promises to change the way we design, build, and operate network architecture. It tends to shift from traditional network architecture of proprietary based to open and programmable network architecture. However, this new innovative and improved technology also brings another security burden into the network architecture, with existing and emerging security threats. The network vulnerability has become more open to intruders: the focus is now shifted to a single point of failure where the central controller is a prime target. Therefore, integration of intrusion detection system (IDS) into the SDN architecture is essential to provide a network with attack countermeasure. The work designed and developed a virtual testbed that simulates the processes of the real network environment, where a star topology is created with hosts and servers connected to the OpenFlow OVS-switch. Signature-based Snort IDS is deployed for traffic monitoring and attack detection, by mirroring the traffic destine to the servers. The vulnerability assessment shows possible attacks threat exist in the network architecture and effectively contain by Snort IDS except for the few which the suggestion is made for possible mitigation. In order to provide scalable threat detection in the architecture, a flow-based IDS model is developed. A flow-based anomaly detection is implemented with machine learning to overcome the limitation of signature-based IDS. The results show positive improvement for detection of almost all the possible attacks in SDN environment with our pattern recognition of neural network for machine learning using our trained model with over 97% accuracy

Imaging geotechnical property changes during failure development of tropical residual soil slope

Devastating cases of slope failure have been reported in many parts of the world; many of which are in tropical countries where the natural and man-made slopes are mostly made up of red tropical residual soils. Most of the failures occurred following heavy rainfall or during flooding. For this reason, the abnormal change of the soil water content is presumed to be responsible for these failures. It becomes imperative, therefore, to understand the soil-water interaction and eventual failure process in tropical residual soil, if this problem is to be effectively tackled. To achieve this aim, a research was conducted on a systematically designed and constructed slope model of a simulated tropical residual soil slope. Preliminary studies were conducted to assess the suitability of the selected material, methodology and instrumentation to be used in the experiment. This was followed by a trial experiment on a small-sized model with a surface area of 200 mm x 370 mm and a maximum (crest) slope height of 220 mm. This small size allowed easy handling and repeatability but could not accommodate enough instrumentation, due to the limited size. To remedy this deficiency, another experimental trial was conducted on a larger-sized model constructed in a square fibreglass box with surface area of 1315 mm x 1315 mm and the maximum height of this slope was 650 mm. Before conducting the final laboratory experiment, the model was analyzed and designed with the aid of modelling software (i.e. SLOPE/W, SEEP/W and SIGMA/W). The geotechnical tests and other preliminary laboratory studies conducted at the beginning of the study provided necessary inputs during numerical modelling. This numerical modelling produced a final workable model and provided an idea about the failure mechanism of the designed model. Finally, the main experiment was conducted on the designed model which was constructed in a large acrylic glass. The surface dimension of this model was 1000 mm x 1700 mm and the maximum slope height was 750 mm. In all the trials, a slope failure was caused by supplying water through a supply chamber, provided by the side of the crest, and allowing it to move freely to the toe. The geophysical changes and physical deformation during failure were observed using an integrated system of electromagnetic sensors (5TE and MPS6), electrical resistivity, and cameras. From the results presented and discussed, it was understood that the gradual movement of water through the slope caused a gradual reduction in matric suction, with the consequent reduction of shear strength and eventual slope movement. The physical deformation began with an initial settlement and minor surface cracks; which continually progressed to excessive settlement and larger cracks, before the final forward movement. The excessive settlement prior to the final movement appears to be associated with a soil structure collapse induced by wetting; while the forward sliding is caused by the movement of water, which tends to pull the slope downwards. The experiment provided an improved knowledge of the slope failure mechanism in tropical residual soils and has established the suitability of geophysical methods for monitoring the stability of the slopes and embankments of the tropics

Combustion of Bio-oil and Heavy Fuel Oil

The use of combustion parameters to predict what happens to fuel during burning and its effect on living systems is important. This work is directed towards understanding the fundamental chemistry of soot generated from burning biomass-pyrolysis liquid fuels and its mechanism of formation. In this study, fuels such as eugenol, anisole, furfural and some hydrocarbon fuels are subjected to combustion using a wick burner which allowed the burning rate, smoke point and emission factor to be investigated. Reaction zone analysis of flames by direct photography and by using optical filters for further investigation of C2* and CH* species, was conducted. Additionally, detailed characterization of the soot generated was performed, and comparisons were made with soot from petroleum products and from biomass combustion system. The key aim was to generate experimental data and to capture detailed information regarding sooting tendencies with a view to utilize the information which would eventually allow the formation of a comprehensive bio-oil combustion model. This could provide accurate predictions of the combustion characteristics and pollutant formation. Studies are reported on the significant role of high temperature pyrolysis products in soot formation and acquiring further mechanistic insight. This work has been extended to consider heavy petroleum fuel oils (residual oil) during combustion and the effect of composition on combustion products and on the effect on health and the global environment. Heavy fuel oil, such as Bunker C and vacuum residue, are commonly used as fuel for industrial boilers, power generation, and as transport fuels in, for example, in large marine engines. The combustion of these fuels gives rise to carbonaceous particulate emissions including fine soot (Black Carbon or BC) which, along with associated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): The structure and thermal reactions of petroleum asphaltene have been studied by analytical pyrolysis. Additionally, related combustion characteristics of the asphaltene extracted from bio-oil have been investigated by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed the difference between bio-asphaltene and the petroleum asphaltene and the different tendency to form smoke. They also showed the presence of markers for the bio-asphaltene structure

Proximate composition and functional analysis of some polyherbal formulations as potential botanical candidates for antidiabetic screening: A Preliminary study

Polyherbal formulations improve therapeutic action while lowering single herb concentration, thereby reducing possible side reactions. Proximate composition and functional properties of tomato, garlic, and carrot formulations were studied. Fresh samples of the botanicals were collected, identified and authenticated. Equal amount of each sample (500 g) was weighed, shed-dried and crushed into fine powdered particles. The proximate composition and functional properties of each formulation were determined according to a standard assay guideline. The result on proximate composition analysis revealed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) higher moisture content of tomato and carrot formulations when compared to other formulations. The content of ash and crude protein were significantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher in all garlic containing formulations. The garlic formulation was observed to have lower fat content and greater carbohydrate content than all other formulations (p˂ 0.05). However, when compared to single formulations, all mixed formulations had significantly higher crude fiber content. Furthermore, there was a significant (p ˂ 0.05) variation in glucose adsorption capacity, oil adsorption capacity and water adsorption capacity among all the formulations. The outcome of this study have led us to conclude that employing safe combinations of these herbal formulations for the production of nutraceuticals is recommended

Physiochemical properties of biodiesel produced from ogbono (Irvingia gabonesis) seed oil

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel and has gained significant attention due to the predicted depletion of conventional fossil fuels and environmental concerns. This study aims to produce biodiesel from ogbono seed oil (using 98 ml methanol and 2g potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst) via transesterification process and to determine the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel produced. The physiochemical properties of the feedstock (extracted ogbono seed oil) were also determined before the transesterification process. The physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel showed that it has a density of 0.5±0.00 g/cm3, pour point of 2.0±0, saponification value of 58.90±0.06 mg KOH/g, ester value of 98.0±0.5% (m/m), iodine value of 26.64±0.15gI2/100g, acid value of 0.28±0.05 mgKOH/g, moisture value of 0.0006 ±0.0% and trace amounts of ash content. The results of the physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel agree with ASTM-D6751 and EN 14214 standard. Thus, it was concluded that ogbono seed oil is an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production via base catalyzed transesterification proces

Causal Link between Financial Globalisation Uncertainty, Economic Growth, Environmental Degradation and Energy Consumption in ASEAN+3 Countries

This paper aims to examine the causal linkage of financial globalisation uncertainty, Environmental Degradation, economic growth and energy consumption for ASEAN+3 countries using second-generation approach for the period between 1970–2019. The results of second-generation unit root test revealed that economic growth and financial globalisation uncertainty were stationary at level, while energy consumption and environmental degradation were stationary at first difference. In addition, the Larson cointegration test showed that long-run cointegration exists between the variables. Similarly, we found that economic growth and environmental degradation have significant positive influence on energy consumption. However, financial globalisation uncertainty has insignificant influence on energy consumption. The results of causal relationship indicated a bidirectional causal relationship between financial globalisation uncertainty and energy consumption; environmental degradation and energy consumption; and economic growth and energy consumption

School of Nursing, Amachara Admission 2023/2024,Form Is Out

School of Nursing, Umuahia Admission 2023/2024,Form Is Out ☎️ Admin On 0706-628-0862☎️ 0706-628-0862 The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form into the School of Nursing. And also the sales of two (2) years Post Basic Nursing Programme.contact the school Admin. DR MRS. Anita on 0706-628-0862 for more details on how to purchase the form and register online

Voicing and devoicing in Nigerian English usage

This dissertation investigates the pattern of voicing and devoicing in Nigerian English usage. This is a feature that has not received adequate attention in most studies on Nigerian English. The dissertation reports its findings in respect of the voicing and devoicing of final fricatives in a sample from the corpus of Nigerian English consisting of 377 tokens as produced by 25 educated speakers of English in Nigeria. With level of education and first language as the independent variables, the study, out of the samples taken from conversations, finds that final devoicing is prevalent in Nigerian English. Level of education and ethnicity are found to be of no significant effect in the pattern of voicing and devoicing among the subjects. The pattern of voicing and devoicing examined is mainly with respect to phonological voicing (i.e. viewed from the point of assimilation to adjacent voiced/voiceless contexts) following the absence of reasonable data on medial voicing from the samples. Compared to the pattern reported for Standard English, Nigerian English shows a significant departure from the Standard variety, though exhibiting similar characteristics as other L2 Englishes – a tendency towards “endonormative stabilization

An Empirical Profile of Weak States in Sub-Saharan Africa

No Abstract Available Africa Development/Afrique et développement Vol.XXVIII, Nos 3&4, 2003: 168-18