POLYPHENOLS AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT IN BEERS FROM THE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA MARKET

Data on the content of total polyphenols in beer is important both because of their negative effects on the stability of beer and the formation of turbidity, and because of the positive health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in 22 samples of light and dark beer using two methods: Folin–Ciocâlteu and DPPH method and to confirm the correlation between the total content of UP and AC beer. The content of shell polyphenols in dark beers was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the content of total polyphenols in samples of light beers from the same producer. The antioxidant capacity of dark beers is statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the antioxidant capacity of light beers from the same producer

Determination of α-solanine content in two varieties of potatoes by the densitometric method

Solanine is a glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae family, such as the potato. It is very poisonous even in small quantities because it has pesticide and fungicide effects and represents a natural plant defense mechanism. Its concentration increases when the plant is exposed to the agents that can cause plant stress (fertilization, insecticide use, etc.). This paper aims to examine the influence of three cultivation systems (conventionally, organically and naturally) on the biosynthesis of α-solanine (αS) through his quantification in young potatoes using densitometry. Two varieties of potatoes were analyzed: Aladdin (Ala) and Mona Lisa (MoL). For statistical analysis, the Student\u27s t-test was used. The results showed that the use of artificial insecticides caused a very intense biosynthesis of αS in the conven-tionally grown Ala variety (1.19 mg/100 g of fresh tubers (f.t.)) in comparison to the average α-solanine content (AαSC) by the organically grown Ala (0.62 mg/100 gf.t.) (it is close to the statistical significance, (p=0.08)). It is difficult to explain the very high AαSC of natural Ala cultivation (1.62 mg/100 gf.t.). Analysis of potatoes of the MoL variety showed that the AαSC of conventionally grown potatoes (1.35 mg/100 gf.t.) was statistically higher than the AαSC of naturally grown potatoes (0.59 mg/100 g of f.t.) (p*0.05). Concentrations of αS founded in the case of conventionally, organically and naturally grown potatoes are considered safe and such potatoes are suitable for consumption. However, because of a slight reduction in toxic αS, it is recommended to consume organically grown potatoes (Ala variety), and naturally grown potatoes (MoL variety)

Parameters of the metabolic profile in cow blood during the dry period

Metabolizam visokomliječnih krava, obzirom na njihovu genetsku predispoziciju za visoku proizvodnju mlijeka s jedne i reproduktivnih zahtjeva s druge strane, često je opterećen te izložen promjenama koje za posljedicu mogu imati poremećaj funkcionalnog stanja pojedinih organa, a najčešće jetre i genitalnih organa. Fiziološke vrijednosti biokemijskih parametara krvi krava, koje nude različiti izvori, često znaju znatno varirati. U tom smislu, osobito su interesantni parametri metaboličkog profila u muznih krava, koji imaju višestruko značenje: od pokazatelja hranidbenog statusa i uvjeta držanja životinja do pokazatelja kliničkih bolesti. Cilj je ovog rada bio ustvrditi koncentraciju nekih biokemijskih parametara u krvnoj plazmi krava holštajn-frizijske pasmine tijekom perioda zasušenja. Ispitivanja koncentracije pojedinih sastojaka u krvnoj plazmi radi određivanja metaboličkog profila krava važna su, ne samo za postavljanje objektivne dijagnoze i određivanje težine poremećaja u životinja s izraženim simptomima, već i u prevenciji i rasvjetljavanju mehanizama nastanka novih, metaboličkih i drugih bolesti. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno ukupno 46 krava u zasušenju holštajn-frizijske pasmine iz dva farmska uzgoja. Istraženo je 20 krava s farme „A“ i 26 krava s farme „B“. U krvnoj plazmi su spektrofotometrijski određivane vrijednosti parametara koncentracija: glukoze, ukupnih proteina, albumina, kolesterola, triglicerida, bilirubina i ureje. Na temelju rezultata našeg istraživanja, zaključili smo da su krvni parametri koje smo pratili adekvatni za praćenje funkcionalnog stanja jetre i metabolizma u krava, a koji mogu biti od koristi i u procjeni očekivane dužine servis perioda.Due to their genetic predisposition for high milk production on the one hand and reproductive demands on the other, the metabolism of high yield dairy cows is often overloaded and under various effects. This may result in the disorder of organ functions, particularly the liver and reproductive system. Physiological values of biochemical parameters in cow’s blood may vary widely. The parameters of the metabolic profile in dairy cows have multiple significance, such as indicators of nutritional status and housing, and may also indicate clinical disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of certain biochemical parameters in the blood plasma of Holstein- Friesian cows during the dry period. Assessment of the concentration of biochemical components in blood plasma to assess the metabolic profile is significant for diagnostics, determining the degree of disorders in animals with expressed symptoms, and in preventing metabolic and other diseases. In total, 46 cows were included in the study from two farms, with 20 cows from farm A and 26 cows from farm B. Blood plasma was tested using the spectrophotometry method to determine the concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin and urea. Based on the results, it can be stated that the monitored blood parameters are adequate for screening the functional state of the liver and metabolism in cows, and can show the expected length of the service period

The crystal structure of bis[4-bromo-2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl) phenolato-κ2N,O] copper(II), C18H12Br2CuN4O2

C 18 H 12 Br 2 CuN 4 O 2 , monoclinic, P 2 1 / c (no. 14), a  = 11.5165(11) Å, b  = 5.4369(5) Å, c  = 14.4872(14) Å, V  = 873.52(14) Å 3 , Z  = 2, R gt ( F ) = 0.0232, wR ref ( F 2 ) = 0.0559, T  = 200 K

Serumski biokemijski pokazatelji odraslih klinički zdravih bosanskih brdskih konja

The Bosnian mountain horse, the only indigenous horse breed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is an internationally recognized ancient breed and represents an important animal resource of this country. It belongs to the Warmblood horses. No data is available in the literature for serum biochemical parameters in the Bosnian mountain horse breed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mean values of certain biochemical parameters in Bosnian mountain horse, and to compare the obtained values with reference intervals for adult horses in general, adult Warmblood horses and values previously reported for other horse breeds. Blood samples were collected from 30 clinically healthy adult horses of both sexes at the Borike stud farm. Samples for biochemical analysis were processed using standard procedures with the Catalyst OneTM Chemistry Analyzer. The following mean values were comparable to previously published reference intervals in horses: glucose 4.96±1.30 mmol/L; urea 7.83±2.18 mmol/L; creatinine 112.05±29.75 μmol/L; phosphorus 0.91±0.22 mmol/L; calcium 2.93±0.18 mmol/L; total protein 72.45±5.75 g/L; albumin 28.91±3.27 g/L; globulin 43.50±5.49 g/L; alkaline phosphatase 170.90±54.70 U/L; total bilirubin 22.00±11.01 μmol/L; cholesterol 2.54±0.28 mmol/L and amylase 33.50±12.77 U/L. The obtained mean concentrations of urea and total protein were higher than those reported in any other Warmblood horses. Also, a higher mean concentration of globulin was found. However, all mean values were within the reference intervals for adult horses in general, adult Warmblood horses and previously published values for other horse breeds. Amylase activity was much lower than the recommended reference intervals for adult horses in general. The results obtained in this study indicate the need for further study to establish reference values of serum biochemical parameters in this Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse breed.Bosanski brdski konj, jedina autohtona pasmina konja u Bosni i Hercegovini, je međunarodno priznata drevna pasmina i predstavlja važan animalni resurs Bosne i Hercegovine. Spada u toplokrvne konje. U literaturi nisu dostupni podatci o vrijednostima biokemijskih pokazatelja za Bosanskog brdskog konja. Iz tog razloga, cilj ovog rada je bio istražiti srednje vrijednosti nekih biokemijskih pokazatelja Bosanskog brdskog konja, usporediti dobivene vrijednosti s referentnim vrijednostima za odrasle konje općenito, toplokrvne konje te s vrijednostima objavljenim za druge pasmine konja. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 30 klinički zdravih odraslih konja oba spola od kojih je uzorkovana krv na ergeli „Borike“. Uzorci su obrađeni standardnim postupkom koristeći The Catalyst OneTM Chemistry Analyzer. Navedene srednje vrijednosti su uspoređene s prethodno objavljenim referentnim intervalima za konje: glukoza 4,96±1,30 mmol/L; urea 7,83±2,18 mmol/L; kreatinin 112,05±29,75 μmol/L; fosfor 0,91± 0,22 mmol/L; kalcij 2,93 ± 0,18 mmol/L; ukupni protein 72,45±5,75 g/L; albumin 28,91±3,27 g/L; globulin 43,50±5,49 g/L; alkalna fosfataza 170,90±54,70 U/L; ukupni bilirubin 22,00±11,01 μmol/L; kolesterol 2,54±0,28 mmol/L i amilaza 33,50±12,77 U/L. Srednje vrijednosti ureje i ukupnih proteina su bile više u odnosu na vrijednosti nađene u drugim istraživanjima rađenim na toplokrvnim konjima. Utvrđena je i viša srednja vrijednost globulina. Međutim, sve srednje vrijednosti su bile unutar referentnih vrijednosti objavljenih za odrasle konje općenito, odrasle toplokrvne konje, kao i ranije objavljene vrijednosti za druge pasmine konja. Vrijednosti aktivnosti amilaze su bile značajno niže u odnosu na preporučene referentne vrijednosti za odrasle konje općenito. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za daljim istraživanjima kako bi se ustvrdile referentne vrijednosti serum biokemijskih pokazatelja Bosanskog brdskog konja

Antioksidativna aktivnost sjemenki lubenice određena DPPH testom

The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of the fresh extracts of Croatian and Greek watermelon seeds. Samples were prepared using two extraction methods: Soxhlet and maceration. Ethanol was used as a solvent in the Soxhlet, and methanol in the maceration method. The mass fractions of the extracts obtained by maceration were lower compared to those obtained by the Soxhlet method. The antioxidant capacity of fresh watermelon-seed extracts was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) method. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was also expressed via IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration). Based on the obtained IC50 values (1.41 to 2.60 mg ml−1), all tested extracts showed antiradical activity but antioxidant capacity was better in extracts obtained by the maceration method. The reason for this may be the use of methanol as a solvent, which was to be expected, since methanol is a more polar solvent than ethanol. The neutralisation capacity of DPPH radicals of analysed extracts was compared to the neutralisation capacity of ascorbic acid as standard. The concentrations of tested extracts required to neutralize 50 % of DPPH radicals were significantly higher than the required concentration of ascorbic acid (0.25 mg ml–1). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti antioksidativno djelovanje ekstrakata svježih sjemenki lubenice uzgojenih u Hrvatskoj i Grčkoj. Ekstrakti su pripremljeni dvjema metodama: Soxhletovom metodom i maceracijom. Etanol je upotrijebljen kao otapalo u Soxhletovoj metodi, a metanol u maceraciji. Maseni udjeli ekstrakta dobiveni maceracijom niži su od onih dobivenih Soxhletovom metodom. Antioksidacijski kapacitet ekstrakta svježih sjemenki lubenice određen je metodom DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazilni radikal). Antioksidacijski kapacitet ekstrakata također je izražen s IC50 (polovica maksimalne inhibitorne koncentracije). Na temelju dobivenih vrijednosti IC50 (1,41 do 2,60 mg ml−1), svi ispitani ekstrakti pokazali su antiradikalno djelovanje, ali je antioksidacijski kapacitet bio bolji u ekstraktima dobivenim metodom maceracije. Razlog tome može biti upotreba metanola kao otapala, što se moglo očekivati budući da je metanol polarnije otapalo od etanola. Kapacitet neutraliziranja DPPH radikala analiziranih ekstrakata uspoređen je sa standardom za neutraliziranje askorbinske kiseline. Koncentracije svih ispitnih ekstrakata potrebne za neutraliziranje 50 % radikala DPPH bile su znatno veće od potrebne koncentracije askorbinske kiseline (0,25 mg ml–1). Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

Serum thyroxin (T4) and cortisol concentrations in Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horses

The serum concentrations of hormones are widely used to diagnose thyroid and adrenocortical diseases in animals. The objectives of the present study were, for the first time, to determine serum thyroxine (T4) and cortisol values in Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horses, and to investigate the influences of age and gender on T4 and cortisol levels. \ud Blood samples were collected on the stud farm Borike from 23 apparently healthy horses of both sexes aged between two and twenty-three years. Horses were grouped in three age classes: young mature horses, middle-aged horses and old horses. Serum samples were analyzed for T4 and cortisol concentrations. \ud The T4 values ranged from 6 to 45 nmol/L with a mean ±SD of 22.83±8.32 nmol/L. The cortisol values ranged from 149 to 190 nmol/L with a mean ±SD of 171.57±11.46 nmol/L. Values of T4 decreased with increasing age (p=0.021). Mean value of T4 in young mature horses was 27.60 nm/L, in middle-aged horses was 19.40 nm/L and in old horses was 18.33 nm/L. Values of T4 were significantly higher (p=0.031) in females (24.88 nm/L) than in males (18.14 nm/L). Negative significant correlation between age and hormone concentration was observed for T4 (r = -0.431; p = 0.040). Differences between gender or age classes for cortisol values were not significant. \ud The mean total serum T4 and cortisol values in Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horses were in the normal reference ranges for horses, and both age and gender significantly affected T4 levels

Genetic diversity of Thoroughbred horse population from Bosnia and Herzegovina based on 17 microsatellite markers

The focus of this study was on genetic diversity of TB horse population raised in B&H. Genomic DNA was genotyped by using 17 microsatellite markers. A total of 103 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.059 and effective number of alleles was 3.293. Means of observed and expected heterozygosity were calculated 0.645 and 0.696, respectively. The average PIC values was 0.649 and inbreeding coefficient was 0.090. Based on all observed parameters, ASB2 locus showed the highest genetic diversity while locus HMS2 was the least diverse. These results suggest that the population of TB horses from B&H is not affected by substantial loss of genetic diversity, indicating the presence of reasonably high level of genetic variability

FREQUENCY OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND MICRONUCLEI IN HORSE LYMPHOCYTES FOLLOWING IN VITRO EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE IONISING RADIATION

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Ionising radiation is known to cause chromosomal instability, which is observed as increased frequency of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei. These are listed as reliable criteria in biological dosimetry. Numerous experiments conducted on both animal and plant models demonstrated that increase in radiation dosage is followed by increased mutation frequency, and that mutations occur even at the lowest exposure. </span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We used horse blood <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in vitro</em> irradiated by low doses of ionizing radiation. Cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronucleus test were used as biomarkers of genetic damage. The observed aberrations were recorded and classified in accordance with the International System of Cytogenetic Nomenclature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Micronuclei were identified on the basis of criteria proposed by Fenech <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</em>. (8). </span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Analysis of chromosomal aberration showed increased frequency of aberrations in blood cultures exposed to 0,1 Gy and 0,2 Gy compared to the controls. Microscopic analysis of chromosomal damage in <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in vitro</em> micronucleus test revealed that the applied radiation<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </strong>dose induced micronuclei while no binucleated cells with micronuclei were found in lymphocytes that were not irradiated. </span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In this paper we analysed the influence of low dose ionising radiation on frequency of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei in horse lymphocytes following in vitro exposure to X-rays (0,1 Gy and 0,2 Gy). </span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Key words</span><span style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;">: chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, ionising radiation, horse lymphocytes</span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN HERZEGOVINIAN DONKEY

Herzegovinian donkey is a very important animal resource of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There have been no works attempted at determining the normal values of hematological parameters of Herzegovinian donkey. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to investigate some hematological parameters in Herzegovinian donkey. The research was performed on 30 apparently healthy donkeys (18 female and 12 male) of ages from 1 to 20 years. Blood samples (3 ml) were obtained by jugular vein puncture (vena jugularis externa) in vacuum tubes with EDTA. The mean value of hematocrit was 29.19 %, hemoglobin concentration 10.6 g/dl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 36.33 g/dl, white blood cells 9.33 x109/L, granulocytes (109/L) 5.45 x109/L, granulocytes (%) 59.47%, lymphocyte/monocyte (109/L) 3.89 x109/L, lymphocyte/monocyte (%) 40.53% and platelet cells 148.97 x109/L. Parameters were determined using an automated analyzer IDEXX QBC VET AutoRead. Data were analyzed by SPSS V 15. All hematological parameters (except platelet cells) were consistent with the recommended reference ranges for donkeys, and the values found in literature so far. Platelet cells values were much lower than in the literature for the other donkey breeds and the recommended reference ranges for donkeys. The slight differences found between our results and those reported in the previous works confirm the need for further studies to investigate the reference values of hematological parameters of Herzegovinian donkey. This work is a contribution to the study of hematological parameters of Herzegovinian donkey, and we expect these data to be applied to the further studies