Evaluatie toeslagenstelsel: evaluatie Awir, uitvoering en dienstverlening toeslagen

Het Ministerie van Financiën heeft SEO Economisch Onderzoek en Centerdata gevraagd om te onderzoeken in hoeverre het toeslagenstelsel en de dienstverlening van de Belastingdienst/Toeslagen de afgelopen jaren verbeterd zijn. Het onderzoek heeft als doel te bepalen in hoeverre het wettelijk kader, de uitvoering en de dienstverlening van Belastingdienst/Toeslagen doeltreffend en doelmatig zijn. In het bijzonder kijkt het onderzoek naar veranderingen die zijn doorgevoerd in de periode van 2016 tot en met 2020. Het onderzoek is verricht op basis van literatuuronderzoek, gesprekken met ambtenaren van verschillende ministeries, interviews met burgers en intermediairs, een enquête onder ruim 1.000 burgers met toeslagen en gegevens die de Belastingdienst/Toeslagen geleverd heeft. Anne Meuwese van de Afdeling Staats- en Bestuursrecht en Esther Huiskers van de Afdeling Belastingrecht hebben hun medewerking verleend door beantwoording van specifieke juridische vragen van het onderzoeksteam. The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction

Multi-Omics of Tomato Glandular Trichomes Reveals Distinct Features of Central Carbon Metabolism Supporting High Productivity of Specialized Metabolites

Glandular trichomes are metabolic cell factories with the capacity to produce large quantities of secondary metabolites. Little is known about the connection between central carbon metabolism and metabolic productivity for secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes. To address this gap in our knowledge, we performed comparative metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and (13)C-labeling of type VI glandular trichomes and leaves from a cultivated (Solanum lycopersicum LA4024) and a wild (Solanum habrochaites LA1777) tomato accession. Specific features of glandular trichomes that drive the formation of secondary metabolites could be identified. Tomato type VI trichomes are photosynthetic but acquire their carbon essentially from leaf sucrose. The energy and reducing power from photosynthesis are used to support the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, while the comparatively reduced Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle activity may be involved in recycling metabolic CO2 Glandular trichomes cope with oxidative stress by producing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, oxylipins, and glutathione. Finally, distinct mechanisms are present in glandular trichomes to increase the supply of precursors for the isoprenoid pathways. Particularly, the citrate-malate shuttle supplies cytosolic acetyl-CoA and plastidic glycolysis and malic enzyme support the formation of plastidic pyruvate. A model is proposed on how glandular trichomes achieve high metabolic productivity

Development of an integrated in-situ remediation technology. Topical report for task No. 11 entitled: Evaluation of TCE contamination before and after the field experiment, September 26, 1994--May 25, 1996

Contamination in low permeability soils poses a significant technical challenge to in-situ remediation efforts. Poor accessibility to the contaminants and difficulty in delivery of treatment reagents have rendered existing in-situ treatments such as bioremediation, vapor extraction, pump and treat rather ineffective when applied to low permeability soils present at many contaminated sites. The technology is an integrated in-situ treatment in which established geotechnical methods are used to install degradation zones directly in the contaminated soil and electro-osmosis is utilized to move the contaminants back and forth through those zones until the treatment is completed. The present Topical Report for Task No. 11 summarizes the results of TCE analysis in soil and carbon before and after conducting the field experiment. In addition, a discussion of the TCE material balance demonstrates that the Lasagna{trademark} process is effective in moving TCE from the contaminated soil into carbon treatment zones in the field experiment at DOE`s Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Paducah, Kentucky