Triple Layer Antireflection Design Concept for the Front Side of c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cell Based on the Antireflective Effect of nc-3C-SiC:H Emitter Layer

We investigated the antireflective (AR) effect of hydrogenated nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide (nc-3C-SiC:H) emitter and its application in the triple layer AR design for the front side of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell. We found that the nc-3C-SiC:H emitter can serve both as an emitter and antireflective coating for SHJ solar cell, which enables us to realize the triple AR design by adding one additional dielectric layer to normally used SHJ structure with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and an emitter layer. The optimized SHJ structure with the triple layer AR coating (LiF/ITO/nc-3C-SiC:H) exhibit a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 38.65 mA/cm2 and lower reflectivity of about 3.42% at wavelength range of 300 nm–1000 nm

The Effect of E-Procurement Practices on Effective Procurement in Public Hospitals: A Case of KISII Level 5 Hospital

Abstract The purpose for this research was to assess the effect of e-procurement on efficient procurement in public hospitals. The objectives of the study were to assess the extent to which e-procurement has improved the quality of goods in public hospitals, to determine the extent to which e-procurement has reduced price charged for goods purchased in public hospitals and to identify the extent to which e-procurement has ensured best value for money in public hospitals procurement. The study established that Kisii Level 5 hospital uses e-tendering, e-quotations and e-sourcing as the main e-procurement applications and that the greatest challenges faced when using emarket provider was inadequate funding, organization's inability to handle change management and lack of training of employees on how to use the system. The study concluded that public hospitals have adopted some of the e-procurement applications regardless of the challenges that accompany the adoption

Controlling Statistical Properties of a Cooper Pair Box Interacting with a Nanomechanical Resonator

We investigate the quantum entropy, its power spectrum, and the excitation inversion of a Cooper pair box interacting with a nanomechanical resonator, the first initially prepared in its excited state, the second prepared in a "cat"-state. The method uses the Jaynes-Cummings model with damping, with different decay rates of the Cooper pair box and distinct detuning conditions, including time dependent detunings. Concerning the entropy, it is found that the time dependent detuning turns the entanglement more stable in comparison with previous results in literature. With respect to the Cooper pair box excitation inversion, while the presence of detuning destroys the its collapses and revivals, it is shown that with a convenient time dependent detuning one recovers such events in a nice way.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Enhancement of Qubit-Qubit Correlation via Non- Resonance Two-Mode Raman Coupled Model by Applying Bang-Bang Pulses

The influence of a pulsed control on nonclassical correlation and entanglement is studied. To illustrate, a scheme of initially entangled noninteracting two qubits coupled independently to a couple of quantized field modes via a nonresonant Raman interaction has been proposed. Mainly, two types of measures are considered, namely, quantum discord and concurrence. We discuss how concurrence can play efficiently the same role as discord in absence of entanglement. Dynamics of states, initially, having ”X”- structure density matrix are studied to help in shedding light on this important role. We mainly focus on extended Werner-like states (EWL). We show that, for a specific EWL state, interaction induces a loss of the initial entanglement of the two qubits and it causes ”entanglement sudden death (ESD)”, while for other EWL state, the behavior of a nonclassical correlation can be easily determined from that of entanglement and vice versa. Also, regardless of EWL states type, by adjusting efficient values of specific parameters, a pulsed control of both qubits causes steady behavior of nonclassical correlation as well as entanglement. In that case, the amount of correlation between both qubits can be increased where correlation maxima can be almost reached. Our observations may have important implications in exploiting these correlations in quantum information processing and transmission