Efficiency of caries risk assessment in young adults using cariogram

Objective: The aims of this study were to: (1) evaluate the caries risk in young adults using Cariogram and (2) compare the efficiency of Cariogram with the regression risk models created using the same variables in Cariogram by examining the actual caries progression over a 2-year period. Methods: This study included 100 subjects that were either twenty or twenty-one years-old. Data on general health, diet, oral hygiene and use of fluoride were obtained. Saliva analyses were performed, including mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts, secretion rate and buffer capacity. DMFT and DMFS values were calculated by clinical examinations and radiographs. The participants were divided into 5 groups according to their Cariogram caries risk scores at baseline. Re-examination for caries was done after 2-years. The data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis, Mann Whitney-U, and logistic regression analyses. Results: Diet frequency, plaque amount and secretion rate were significantly associated with caries increment (P<.05). Cariogram and the regression risk models explained the caries formation at a higher rate than single-variables. However, the regression risk model developed by diet frequency, plaque amount and secretion rate explained the caries formation similar to Cariogram, while the other regression model developed by all variables used in Cariogram explained the caries formation at a higher rate than this computer program. Conclusions: Cariogram is effective and can be used for caries risk assessment instead of single variables; however, it is possible to develop simplier models with regression analyses to determine caries risk

Cyanide intoxication by apricot kernels: A case report and literature review

WOS: 000482761300009Acute cyanide intoxication is a serious healthcare problem due to its potentially life threatening and fatal toxic effects. Ingestion of cyanide containing foods is an important source of cyanide poisoning and apricot kernels contain significant amounts of such cyanogenic compounds. Herein we report a previously healthy 4-year-old boy admitted to our emergency department with complaints of vomiting and sudden onset of unconsciousness after ingestion of apricot kernels. He was diagnosed as acute cyanide poisoning and treated with a specific antidote; hydroxocobalamin. Our report concludes with previous cases of cyanide poisoning after ingestion of apricot kernels and a quick look at sources, manifestations and treatment of acute cyanide poisoning

Anestesia em criança com síndrome de Walker-Warburg

Justificativa e objetivos: A s&#237;ndrome de Walker-Warburg &#233; uma distrofia muscular autoss&#244;mica recessiva cong&#234;nita rara, manifestada pelo sistema nervoso central com malforma&#231;&#245;es oculares e poss&#237;vel envolvimento de v&#225;rios sistemas. O diagn&#243;stico &#233; estabelecido pela presen&#231;a de quatro crit&#233;rios: distrofia muscular cong&#234;nita, lisencefalia tipo II, malforma&#231;&#227;o cerebelar e malforma&#231;&#227;o da retina. A maioria das crian&#231;as com a s&#237;ndrome morre nos primeiros tr&#234;s anos de vida por causa de insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria, pneumonia, convuls&#245;es, hipertermia e fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Relato de caso: &#201; discutida a conduta anest&#233;sica em uma crian&#231;a do sexo masculino, de dois meses, programada para cirurgia eletiva de deriva&#231;&#227;o ventr&#237;culo-peritoneal. Conclus&#245;es: Uma abordagem anest&#233;sica cuidadosa &#233; necess&#225;ria por causa do envolvimento de v&#225;rios sistemas. Relatamos a conduta anest&#233;sica em uma crian&#231;a do sexo masculino de dois meses com s&#237;ndrome de Walker-Warburg, que foi programada para cirurgia eletiva de deriva&#231;&#227;o ventr&#237;culo-peritoneal

Anesthesia for a child with Walker–Warburg syndrome

Background and objectives: Walker–Warburg Syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophy manifested by central nervous system, eye malformations and possible multisystem involvement. The diagnosis is established by the presence of four criteria: congenital muscular dystrophy, type II lissencephaly, cerebellar malformation, and retinal malformation. Most of the syndromic children die in the first three years of life because of respiratory failure, pneumonia, seizures, hyperthermia and ventricular fibrillation. Case report: The anesthetic management of a two-months-old male child listed for elective ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation was discussed. Conclusions: A careful anesthetic management is necessary due to the multisystem involvement. We reported anesthetic management of a two-months-old male child with Walker–Warburg Syndrome who was listed for elective ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation. Keywords: Walker–Warburg Syndrome, Congenital muscular dystrophy, General anesthesi

Evaluation of the systemic antiinflammatory effects of levosimendan in an experimental blunt thoracic trauma model

KISA, Ucler/0000-0002-8131-6810; Yaman, Ferda/0000-0001-6847-1720WOS: 000416066800003PubMed: 29052821BACKGROUND: Blunt thoracic injury often leads to pulmonary contusion and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality, originating from the local and systemic inflammatory states. This study aimed to investigate the local and systemic antiinflammatory effects of levosimendan in rat models of blunt chest trauma. METHODS: A total of 32 Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: control, sham, low-dose levosimendan (LDL) (5 mu g/kg loading dose for 10 min and 0.05 mu g/kg/minintravenous infusion), and high-dose levosimendan (HDL)(10 mu g/kg loading dose for 10 min and 0.1 mu g/kg/min intravenous infusion). Blunt chest trauma was induced, and after 6 h, the contused pulmonary tissues were histopathologically and immunohistopathologically evaluated, serum TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and NO levels were biochemically evaluated. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure was low throughout the experiment in the LDL and HDL groups, with no statistically difference between the groups. Levosimendan reduced the alveolar congestion and hemorrhage, which developed after inducing trauma. Neutrophil infiltration to the damaged pulmonary tissue was also reduced in both the LDL and HDL groups. In rats in which pulmonary contusion (PC) was observed, increased activation of nuclear factor kappa B was observed in the pulmonary tissue, and levosimendan did not reduce this activation. Both high and low doses of levosimendan reduced serum IL-1 levels, and high doses of levosimendan reduced IL-6 and NO levels. TNF-a levels were not reduced. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results showed that in a rat model of PC, the experimental agent levosimendan could reduce neutrophil cell infiltration to damaged pulmonary tissues and the systemic expressions of some cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, and NO), thereby partially reducing and/or correcting pulmonary damage. Systemic inflammatory response that occurs after trauma could also be reduced.Kirikkale University Scientific Research CouncilKirikkale University [2014/84]This study was supported by Kirikkale University Scientific Research Council (2014/84)