The Antibacterial Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts and their Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics

The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial effect of some medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract of medicinal plants were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus for alcoholic extract, and water reflux for aqueous extracts. The antibacterial activities of extracts were evaluated using the disk diffusion method as well as well diffusion method; the inhibitory zones were recorded in millimeters. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were assessed using microdilution method. The synergistic effect between plants and extraction of antibiotics was assessed using disk diffusion method. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extracts used against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were showed antimicrobial and synergistic effect with most antibiotics better than methanolic and aquatic extracts. The results of this study showed that there is a decrease in MIC in case of methanolic extract of E. camaldulensis against E. coli (3.125 mg/ml), and the methanol and aquatic extract of F. sycomorus (leaves) against S. aureus varying from 6.25 to 3.125 mg/ml, and the ethanol extract of E. camaldulensis against P. areuginosa (6.25 mg/ml). Thereby, our results indicate the possibility of using these extracts in the treatment of bacterial infections, and the results of this study was encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo. These results was revealed the importance of plant extracts when associated with antibiotic and Non-antibiotic drugs in control of bacteria. Keywords: Plant extracts, Synergistic effects, Antimicrobial, Microdilution metho

A Novel Mechanism for Degeneration of Islet Cells in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

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The antibacterial and synergistic effects of some Palestinian plant extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

The antimicrobial activity and synergistic effect of some local plant extracts were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Seven crude extracts from five plants obtained through four different extraction methods were screened and tested against E. coli and S. aureus. Extracts from Cakile maritima (roots and shoots), Cakile maritima (seeds), Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (whole plant), Atriplex halimus (leaves), Withania somnifera (leaves), Marrubium vulgare (stem and leaves) were tested. There was no antibacterial activity in any plant extracts against E. coli except for C. maritima (seeds) when extracted by ethanol with an inhibition zone= 13 mm. However, antibacterial potentials were observed against S. aureus when treated with extracts of W. somnifera (leaves) with an inhibition zone= 25 mm, M. vulgare (stems) with an inhibition zone= 15 mm and M. vulgare (leaves) with an inhibition

التأثير المضاد للميكروبات لبعض المستخلصات النباتية و تفاعلاتها مع غير المضادات الحيوية

The aim of the study was to assess the synergistic effect of some medicinal plant with non-antibiotic drugs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We used loperamid HCl, paracetamol and vitamin C as non-antibiotic drugs. The synergistic effect between plant extrcts and Non-antibiotic drugs was assessed using disk diffusion method. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extracts used against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed antimicrobial and synergistic effect with most antibiotics better than methanolic and aquatic extracts. Water extracts were showed synergistic effect with the Paracetamol and Loperamide HCl better than methanolic and ethanolic extracts against E. coli and S.aureus. Ethanolic extracts showed synergistic effect with the Paracetamol and Loperamide Hcl better than methanolic and aquatic extracts against P. aeruginosa. Thereby, the results of this study were encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo. These results were revealed the importance of plant extracts when associated with antibiotic and Non-antibiotic drugs in control of bacteria.The aim of the study was to assess the synergistic effect of some medicinal plant with non-antibiotic drugs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We used loperamid HCl, paracetamol and vitamin C as non-antibiotic drugs. The synergistic effect between plant extrcts and Non-antibiotic drugs was assessed using disk diffusion method. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extracts used against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed antimicrobial and synergistic effect with most antibiotics better than methanolic and aquatic extracts. Water extracts were showed synergistic effect with the Paracetamol and Loperamide HCl better than methanolic and ethanolic extracts against E. coli and S.aureus. Ethanolic extracts showed synergistic effect with the Paracetamol and Loperamide Hcl better than methanolic and aquatic extracts against P. aeruginosa. Thereby, the results of this study were encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo. These results were revealed the importance of plant extracts when associated with antibiotic and Non-antibiotic drugs in control of bacteria

The amylin peptide implicated in type 2 diabetes stimulates copper-mediated carbonyl group and ascorbate radical formation

Human amylin (hA), which is toxic to islet β-cells, can self-generate H(2)O(2), and this process is greatly enhanced in the presence of Cu(II) ions. Here we show that carbonyl groups, a marker of oxidative modification, were formed in hA incubated in the presence of Cu(II) ions or Cu(II) ions plus H(2)O(2), but not in the presence of H(2)O(2) alone. Furthermore, under similar conditions (i.e., in the presence of both Cu(II) ions and H(2)O(2)), hA also stimulated ascorbate radical formation. The same observations concerning carbonyl group formation were made when the histidine residue (at position 18) in hA was replaced by alanine, indicating that this residue does not play a key role. In complete contrast to hA, rodent amylin, which is nontoxic, does not generate H(2)O(2), and binds Cu(II) ions only weakly, showed none of these properties. We conclude that the hA-Cu(II)/Cu(I) complex is redox active, with electron donation from the peptide reducing the oxidation state of the copper ions. The complex is capable of forming H(2)O(2) from O(2) and can also generate (•)OH via Fenton chemistry. These redox properties of hA can explain its ability to stimulate copper-mediated carbonyl group and ascorbate radical formation. The formation of reactive oxygen species from hA in this way could hold the key to a better understanding of the damaging consequences of amyloid formation within the pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

التأثير الضد بكتيري والضد بيوفيلوي لبعض المستخلصات النباتية ضد بعض الكائنات الدقيقة الممرضة للانسان

Background and Objective:Biofilm is a complex microbial community highly resistant to antimicrobials agents. The formation of biofilmsin biotic and abiotic surfaces is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and considered as a major factor of bacterialpathogenicity. In the present study the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of 5 plant extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, Laurus nobili,Malus domestica peels, Melissa officinalis and Lagenaria siceraria peels) were evaluated against clinical isolated microorganisms (E. coli,S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia). Materials and Methods: The extracts of medicinal plants were prepared using microwaveassisted method by ethanol and water. Results: The results of this study revealed that, the aquatic extract of M. domestica peels showedpowerful antimicrobial activity against E. coli with MIC value 1.56 mg mLG1, the ethanolic extract of G. glabra roots showed goodantimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg mLG1. Most plant extracts in thisstudy gave the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ≥200 mg mLG1 against tested bacteria. However, the aquatic extract of L. nobiliat concentration of 12.5 mg mLG1 showed the highest antibiofilm activity (86.7%) against S. aureus biofilm formation. The ethanolicextract of M. domestica peels at concentration of 25 mg mLG1 showed the highest inhibition rate (90%) against P. aeruginosa biofilmformation. Conclusion: These results revealed the importance of the tested extracts in the control of common human pathogenicmicro-organisms. Plant extracts used in this study may contain potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm components that may be of greatuse for the development of new therapies against the most common infectious bacterial isolates.Background and Objective:Biofilm is a complex microbial community highly resistant to antimicrobials agents. The formation of biofilmsin biotic and abiotic surfaces is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and considered as a major factor of bacterialpathogenicity. In the present study the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of 5 plant extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, Laurus nobili,Malus domestica peels, Melissa officinalis and Lagenaria siceraria peels) were evaluated against clinical isolated microorganisms (E. coli,S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia). Materials and Methods: The extracts of medicinal plants were prepared using microwaveassisted method by ethanol and water. Results: The results of this study revealed that, the aquatic extract of M. domestica peels showedpowerful antimicrobial activity against E. coli with MIC value 1.56 mg mLG1, the ethanolic extract of G. glabra roots showed goodantimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg mLG1. Most plant extracts in thisstudy gave the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ≥200 mg mLG1 against tested bacteria. However, the aquatic extract of L. nobiliat concentration of 12.5 mg mLG1 showed the highest antibiofilm activity (86.7%) against S. aureus biofilm formation. The ethanolicextract of M. domestica peels at concentration of 25 mg mLG1 showed the highest inhibition rate (90%) against P. aeruginosa biofilmformation. Conclusion: These results revealed the importance of the tested extracts in the control of common human pathogenicmicro-organisms. Plant extracts used in this study may contain potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm components that may be of greatuse for the development of new therapies against the most common infectious bacterial isolate

التأثير التآزري لمستخلصات أوراق و قشور ساق الجميز ضد بعض الكائنات الممرضة

The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial effect of Ficus sycomorusextracts and their synergistic antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract of medicinal plants were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus for alcoholic extract, and water reflux for aqueous extracts. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extracts of Ficus were showed against E. coli, S. aureusand P. aeruginosa, While Aquatic extract showed synergistic effect with some antibiotics better than organic solvent. The results of this study showed that there is a decrease in MIC in case of methanolic extract of F. sycomorusextracts against selected bacteria. Thereby, our results indicate the possibility of using these extracts in the treatment of bacterial infections, and the results of this study was encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo. These results was revealed the importance of plant extracts when associated with antibiotic and in control of bacteria.The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial effect of Ficus sycomorusextracts and their synergistic antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract of medicinal plants were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus for alcoholic extract, and water reflux for aqueous extracts. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extracts of Ficus were showed against E. coli, S. aureusand P. aeruginosa, While Aquatic extract showed synergistic effect with some antibiotics better than organic solvent. The results of this study showed that there is a decrease in MIC in case of methanolic extract of F. sycomorusextracts against selected bacteria. Thereby, our results indicate the possibility of using these extracts in the treatment of bacterial infections, and the results of this study was encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo. These results was revealed the importance of plant extracts when associated with antibiotic and in control of bacteri

Metal-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species from amyloid proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disease

Using a method based on ESR spectroscopy and spin-trapping, we have shown that Abeta (amyloid beta-peptide) (implicated in Alzheimer's disease), alpha-synuclein (implicated in Parkinson's disease), ABri (British dementia peptide) (responsible for familial British dementia), certain toxic fragments of the prion protein (implicated in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) and the amylin peptide (found in the pancreas in Type 2 diabetes mellitus) all have the common ability to generate H(2)O(2) in vitro. Numerous controls (reverse, scrambled and non-toxic peptides) lacked this property. We have also noted a positive correlation between the ability of the various proteins tested to generate H(2)O(2) and their toxic effects on cultured cells. In the case of Abeta and ABri, we have shown that H(2)O(2) is generated as a short burst during the early stages of aggregation and is associated with the presence of protofibrils or oligomers, rather than mature fibrils. H(2)O(2) is readily converted into the aggressive hydroxyl radical by Fenton chemistry, and this extremely reactive radical could be responsible for much of the oxidative damage seen in all of the above disorders. We suggest that the formation of a redox-active complex involving the relevant amyloidogenic protein and certain transition-metal ions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of several different protein misfolding disorders

Copper-mediated formation of hydrogen peroxide from the amylin peptide:a novel mechanism for degeneration of islet cells in type-2 diabetes mellitus?

Amyloid deposits derived from the amylin peptide accumulate within pancreatic islet P-cells in most cases of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm). Human amylin 'oligomers' are toxic to these cells. Using two different experimental techniques, we found that H2O2 was generated during the aggregation of human amylin into amyloid fibrils. This process was greatly stimulated by Cu(II) ions, and human amylin was retained on a copper affinity column. In contrast, rodent amylin, which is not toxic, failed to generate any H2O2 and did not interact with copper. We conclude that the formation Of H202 from amylin could contribute to the progressive degeneration of islet cells in T213m. (c) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved