Interference Alignment in Multi-Input Multi-Output Cognitive Radio-Based Network

This study investigates the interference alignment techniques for cognitive radio networks toward 5G to meet the demand and challenges for future wireless communications requirements. In this context, we examine the performance of the interference alignment in two parts. In the first part of this chapter, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) cognitive radio network in the presence of multiple secondary users (SUs) is investigated. The proposed model assumes that linear interference alignment is used at the primary system to lessen the interference between primary and secondary networks. Herein, we derive the closed-form mathematical equations for the outage probability considering the interference leakage occurred in the primary system. The second part of this study analyzes the performance of interference alignment for underlay cognitive two-way relay networks with channel state information (CSI) quantization error. Here, a two-way amplify-and-forward relaying scheme is considered for independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channel. The closed-form average pairwise error probability expressions are derived, and the effect of CSI quantization error is analyzed based on the bit error rate performance. Finally, we evaluate the instantaneous capacity for both primary and secondary networks*

The Dynamics of Inclusive Education in the Multicultural Dimension in Indonesia

Indonesia as a multicultural country has a variety of identities. Where this multicultural dimension is one of the central issues in education in Indonesia. This diversity potential can be part of national development efforts in the field of culture and human resources. However, education in Indonesia is also faced with various challenges, one of which is how to respond to and manage the diversity of ethnicity, language, religion and culture in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the central issues of the multicultural dimension in inclusive education in Indonesia and to provide recommendations to overcome the challenges faced. This study uses the method of literature study with in-depth analysis. The results of the research show that the central issues of the multicultural dimension in education in Indonesia include inclusive learning, character education, understanding of children's rights, and the formation of national identity. The obstacles faced in managing the multicultural dimension in education in Indonesia include a lack of awareness of the importance of these issues, limited resources, and a lack of support from the government. Recommendations given to overcome these challenges include increasing awareness of the importance of these issues, increasing available resources, and providing greater support from the government

Adsorption Thermodynamics, Modeling, and Kinetics Studies for the Removal of Lead Ions Using ZnO Nanorods

In the present investigation, zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO-NR) were synthesized via the hydrothermal method using ZnCl$_2$ as a zinc ion precursor in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Synthesized ZnO-NR was featured using advanced techniques including XRD, PL, SEM, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The role of these assynthesized ZnO-NR was evaluated for the sequestration of lead ions in batch mode. The elimination of lead ions was achieved at pH 6-7 using a 0.06 g adsorbent dose, 25 min contact time, 25 mg/L initial lead ion concentration, 323 K temperature, and 200 rpm agitation speed. A thermodynamic study revealed the endothermic nature of lead ion sequestration onto ZnO-NR. The lead ion sequestration followed kinetic (pseudo-second-order) and isotherm (Langmuir) models. The lead ions were eliminated up to 142 mg/g at the optimum level of affecting variables. The ZnO-NR might be a potential adsorbent for lead ion removal from industrial effluents

Characterization of the pressure coefficient of manganin and temperature evolution of pressure in piston-cylinder cells

We report measurements of the temperature- and pressure-dependent resistance, $R(T,p)$, of a manganin manometer in a $^4$He-gas pressure setup from room temperature down to the solidification temperature of $^4$He ($T_\textrm {solid}\sim$ 50 K at 0.8 GPa) for pressures, $p$, between 0 GPa and $\sim$0.8 GPa. The same manganin wire manometer was also measured in a piston-cylinder cell from 300 K down to 1.8 K and for pressures between 0 GPa to $\sim$2 GPa. From these data, we infer the temperature and pressure dependence of the pressure coefficient of manganin, $\alpha(T,p)$, defined by the equation $R_p = (1+\alpha p) R_0$ where $R_0$ and $R_p$ are the resistance of manganin at ambient pressure and finite pressure, respectively. Our results indicate that upon cooling $\alpha$ first decreases, then goes through a broad minimum at $\sim$120 K and increases again towards lower temperatures. In addition, we find that $\alpha$ is almost pressure-independent for $T\gtrsim$60 K up to $p\sim$2 GPa, but shows a pronounced $p$ dependence for $T\lesssim$60K. Using this manganin manometer, we demonstrate that $p$ overall decreases with decreasing temperature in the piston-cylinder cell for the full pressure range and that the size of the pressure difference between room temperature and low temperatures ($T=1.8$ K), $\Delta p$, decreases with increasing pressure. We also compare the pressure values inferred from the magnanin manometer with the low-temperature pressure, determined from the superconducting transition temperature of elemental lead (Pb). As a result of these data and analysis we propose a practical algorithm to infer the evolution of pressure with temperature in a piston-cylinder cell

Nitinol Thermoreactive Clips for Secondary Sternal Closure in Cases of Noninfective Sternal Dehiscence

Postoperative sternal dehiscence is a potentially catastrophic sequela to median sternotomy that can cause not only chest-wall discomfort and pulmonary dysfunction but infection, both superficial and mediastinal. Nitinol thermoreactive clips use a novel material in the treatment of sternal dehiscence. We sought to determine whether the use of these clips is an effective remedy for noninfective sternal dehiscence. From January 2008 through December 2011, we retrospectively studied the data on 10 patients whose sternums had been closed with nitinol thermoreactive clips after the development of noninfective sternal dehiscence. Diagnosis was made on the bases of clinical criteria, chest radiography, and microbiological investigation. There was no control group. No procedure-related sequelae occurred. There was no recurrent sternal instability and dehiscence, sternal-related hemorrhage, superficial wound infection, or mediastinal infection. We believe that the use of nitinol thermoreactive clips is a safe, easy, and efficient method of secondary sternal closure for noninfective sternal dehiscence

PENENTUAN KADAR FENOLIK DAN FLAVONOID TOTAL PADA BUAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elais guineensis Jacq) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

The oil palm is a widely cultivated plant recognized by the public for its production of industrial raw materials for everyday use. Oil palm is rich in potential antioxidant activity, primarily due to its high content of phenolic and flavonoid compunds. This research aimed to assess the levels of total phenolic and flavonoid compunds in oil palm fruit. The extract sample was examined using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method, with the total phenolic measured at 744.8 nm, the total flavoinoid content at 440.  The findigs indicated that the total phenolic content in the oil palm fruit extract was 1.46 mg/L while the total flavonoid content was 5.81 mg/L.

Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with significant pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis

Objective: Clinical and echocardiographic features of significant pericardial effusion (PE) have been reported from the west. Currently there is lack of published data from this part of the world, we reviewed all consecutive cases of significant PE requiring echocardiographic assisted pericardiocentesis to analyze the clinical and echocardiographic features of these patients.Methods: Forty four consecutive patients who underwent echocardiography assisted pericardiocentesis at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) between January 1988 and May 2001 re included in this review.Results: Most common presenting symptoms were dyspnea (89%) and fever (36%). Elevated JVP and pulsus paradoxus were documented in 59% and 41% of patients respectively. Sinus tachycardia (75%) and low voltage (34%) were the most common ECG findings. Malignancy (45-51%) and tuberculosis (27%) were among the most frequent causes of PE. One patient died during echocardiography-assisted pericardiocentesis.CONCLUSION: The symptoms and physical findings of haemodynamically significant PE are frequently nonspecific. Transthoracic echocardiography is the gold standard for rapid and confirmatory diagnosis of PE and cardiac tamponade. The most common cause of PE was malignancy followed by tuberculosis. Pericardiocentesis under echocardiographic guidance is a safe and effective treatment for significant PE

Optimasi dan uji sensitivitas primer Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) GEN RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) SARS-CoV-2 asal Indonesia

Pandemi Covid-19 disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 yang telah menular dan menyebar dengan cepat. Deteksi Covid-19 umumnya menggunakan tes laboratorium dengan metode RT-PCR untuk mendapatkan hasil yang akurat. Berdasarkan analisis filogenetik sebelumnya, diketahui bahwa SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia memiliki strain yang berbeda dan telah didesain primer yang spesifik untuk Indonesia. Deteksi molekuler perlu ditambah untuk deteksi COVID-19 di Indonesia, menggunakan metode PCR dengan analisis gen berbasis primer. Mutasi menyebabkan strain SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia lebih bervariasi di tiap daerah yang kemudian mampu menciptakan hubungan evolusi baru. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kondisi PCR yang optimal dan menguji sensitivitas primer gen RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) pada SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data set primer gen INARdRp yang didapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan ukuran amplikon hasil amplifikasi INARdRp yaitu 232 bp. Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan optimasi kondisi PCR dan sensitivitas primer. Suhu annealing PCR yang digunakan adalah 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C dan variasi konsentrasi kontrol positif yaitu 1 ng, 0,1 ng, 0,01 ng, dan 0,001 ng. Hasil produk PCR kemudian di elektroforesis dan dianalisis hasilnya pada UV transilluminator. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini yaitu suhu annealing yang optimal pada suhu 54°C dan mampu mendeteksi DNA plasmid SARS-CoV-2 hingga konsentrasi 0,001 ng. Primer gen INARdRp yang didesain dalam penelitian memiliki sensitivitas yang baik pada deteksi SARS-CoV- 2 Indonesia. Diharapkan penelitian ini mampu memberikan referensi primer untuk deteksi SARS-CoV-2 berbasis PCR, sehingga mampu memberikan hasil optimal untuk deteksi COVID-19 Indonesia

Enhancement of Solar PV Hosting Capacity in a Remote Industrial Microgrid: A Methodical Techno-Economic Approach

To meet the zero-carbon electricity generation target as part of the sustainable development goals (SDG7), remote industrial microgrids worldwide are considering the uptake of more and more renewable energy resources, especially solar PV systems. Estimating the grid PV hosting capacity plays an essential role in designing and planning such microgrids. PV hosting capacity assessment determines the maximum PV capacity suitable for the grid and the appropriate electrical location for PV placement. This research reveals that conventional static criteria to assess the PV hosting capacity fail to ensure the grid’s operational robustness. It hence demands a reduction in the theoretical hosting capacity estimation to ensure grid compatible post-fault voltage and frequency recovery. Energy storage technologies, particularly fast-responsive batteries, can potentially prevent such undesirable scenarios; nevertheless, careful integration is required to ensure an affordable cost of energy. This study proposes a novel methodical techno-economic approach for an off-grid remote industrial microgrid to enhance the PV hosting capacity by integrating battery energy storage considering grid disturbance and recovery scenarios. The method has been validated in an industrial microgrid with a 2.6 MW peak demand in a ready-made garment (RMG) factory having a distinctive demand pattern and unique constraints in remote Bangladesh. According to the analysis, integrating 2.5 MW of PV capacity and a 1.2 MVA battery bank to offset existing diesel and grid consumption would result in an energy cost of BDT 14.60 per kWh (USD 0.1719 per kWh). For high PV penetration scenarios, the application of this method offers higher system robustness, and the financial analysis indicates that the industries would not only benefit from positive environmental impact but also make an economic profit