Stressors in adolescence: An analytical cross-sectional study

Objective: To understand the importance of stress in adolescence well-being, to categorize the stressors in them, and to understandthe validity of their solutions. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 804 students in the age group of15-17 years from four schools in the city. Study was conducted with the help of “adolescent stress questionnaire” which consisted of31 questions. An analysis of these answers was done to understand the stressors and other factors. Results: Out of 804 participants,43% (n=342) were females and 57% (n=462) were males. 52% (n=421) were 15-year-old, 32% (n=251) 16 years, and 16% (n=132)were 17-year-old. Academic stress is seen in 74%. No significant differences with gender are seen with the stress. Severe stress isless in children who are 17-year-old than those who are 15-year-old. Mild stress increases with age. Among the study participants,50.9% (409) children mentioned that they did not get enough time to spend with their friends. Majority of the children were stresseddue to studies (p=0.03) more than peer and parent relationship. At the time of break down, they preferred to watch television, listento music and to use social media (WhatsApp or Facebook) rather than to speak out the matters that stressed them. 33.3% (268) ofthe adolescents felt that they need help in coping up with their stress. They enjoy what they are doing; though, grades in the schoolaffect them and they feel more time to be spent for studies. Conclusion: Their main stressor was studied; though, a few of themstated that peer/parent/teacher relationships also affect them. Most of the adolescents are able to cope up with stressors in their ownway but some of them feel that they need help

A Rare Case of Giant Coronary Aneurysm in a 5- Year- Old Child

Coronary aneurysms are typically seen in association with Kawasaki disease and only in rare instances, they are reported to be congenital or idiopathic. Here we report a case of a five year old boy who was found to have an idiopathic right coronary artery aneurysm. He presented with complaints of recurrent respiratory tract infections. His examination and investigations did not reveal any of the common etiological conditions. Echocardiography showed the right coronary artery was arising from the right coronary sinus and was dilated proximally. Cardiac catheterization revealed dilated proximal right coronary artery draining into a large pulsatile aneurysm. The child was surgically treated with an aorto-caval bypass, resection and surgical ligation of the aneurysm. He has no further complications and is on follow up

Non-Surgical Management of Ductal Dependent Lesion as a Safe Option: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction: Critical congenital heart disease with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow can present in early neonatal period as a cardiac emergency. Case Presentation: We herein reported a case of critical pulmonary stenosis in a newborn who presented with cyanosis and breathlessness. Conclusions: Initially managed with prostaglandin, an emergency balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty proved to be an effective and safe option

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma as presentation of tuberous sclerosis: a case report

Abstract Background A case of tuberous sclerosis patient on long-term follow-up is reported here. Case presentation A 22-year-old female patient with epilepsy was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis at the age of 12 years. At that time, a small subependymal giant cell astrocytoma has been detected along with the other signs of the disease. But the patient was not symptomatic of the intracranial lesion at that time. So, she was kept under follow-up with treatment for the epilepsy. Within 10 years, the lesion gradually enlarged and caused symptoms and the tumour had to be resected at the age of 22 years of age. Conclusions Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is very slow-growing low-grade tumour. If small and asymptomatic at the time of the initial diagnosis, resection is not advised. The patient should be kept under close follow-up

Nitrogen doped graphene supported mixed metal sulfide photocatalyst for high production of hydrogen using natural solar light

We have developed a strategy to prevent the photo-corrosion of cadmium sulfide nanorods (CdSNRs) by coating them with cerium sulfide (Ce2S3) as co-catalyst and N-doped Graphene (NG) for a solar light-driven H2 production application. The uniform deposition and coating of Ce2S3 and NG over the CdSNRs were confirmed by both FESEM and HRTEM analyses. The incorporation of Ce2S3 and NG into CdSNRs not only increased its stability but also extended its absorption in visible and NIR regions. As a result, the prepared CdSNRs/Ce2S3 photocatalysts produced ~16,181 µmol h−1 g–1 of H2 under solar light irradiation, which was ~ 10 times higher than the pure CdSNRs. Interestingly, N atom doped graphene-supported CdSNRs/Ce2S3 photocatalysts has shown a paramount effect on the H2 production by 24 times higher compared to bare CdSNRs (35,946 µmol h-1g–1). In addition, the NG-CdSNRs/Ce2S3 photocatalysts exhibited high stability up to 5 continuous cycles. The high stability was achieved due to the covering of CdSNRs by Ce2S3 and NG, which may effectively prevent the leaching out of S2- ions from CdSNRs. On the other hand, the NG played a dual role by preventing the photo-corrosion and also improving the charge carrier separation as evidenced by the PL, TRPL, and Impedance studies. The present work may open a new direction in designing a highly photostable metal sulfide photocatalyst for energy conversion applications in aqueous medium

The Need for Next-Generation Antivenom for Snakebite Envenomation in India

The limitations posed by currently available antivenoms have emphasized the need for alternative treatments to counteract snakebite envenomation. Even though exact epidemiological data are lacking, reports have indicated that most global snakebite deaths are reported in India. Among the many problems associated with snakebite envenomation, issues related to the availability of safer and more efficient antivenoms are of primary concern. Since India has the highest number of global snakebite deaths, efforts should be made to reduce the burden associated with snakebite envenoming. Alternative methods, including aptamers, camel antivenoms, phage display techniques for generating high-affinity antibodies and antibody fragments, small-molecule inhibitors, and natural products, are currently being investigated for their effectiveness. These alternative methods have shown promise in vitro, but their in vivo effectiveness should also be evaluated. In this review, the issues associated with Indian polyvalent antivenoms in neutralizing venom components from geographically distant species are discussed in detail. In a nutshell, this review gives an overview of the current drawbacks of using animal-derived antivenoms and several alternative strategies that are currently being widely explored

Delineating the Role of Vacancy Defects in Increasing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production in an Amorphous Metal–Organic Framework Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride

The instability in aqueous solutions has impeded the effective employment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for various photocatalytic applications. Recent literatures have proven that certain supports like graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) can improve the water stability and meet other functionalities responsible for photocatalytic water splitting. To expound on the mechanistic details central to the photoactivity of g-C3N4/MOF systems, we relate the activity of an amorphous nickel imidazole framework (aNi-MOF) with different vacancy (carbon and nitrogen) defects of engineered g-C3N4 systems. Vacancy defects significantly alter the electronic structure and characteristics of photoexcited charge carriers and thus the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photocatalysts. In this framework, by elucidation of both experimental and theoretical studies, carbon-defective g-C3N4 with aNi-MOF (CvCN/aNi) proves to be a potential candidate to speed up the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The results also potentially accord to the reactive interaction between g-C3N4 and aNi-MOF that a Ni–N bond is vital in the photoactivity with the carbon-defective CvCN/aNi photocatalyst producing 3922.01 μmol g–1 for 3 h, which is 3900 and 1700 times better than those of pristine aNi-MOF and g-C3N4, respectively. Our report provides insight into correlating the reactive mechanism in a g-C3N4/MOF system and the role of defects in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions