Antibody titer in vaccinated sturgeron against <i>Streptococcus iniae</i>

En la cría de peces en cautiverio una de las enfermedades de mayor importancia es la causada por Streptococcus iniae. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el estudio de los títulos anticuerpos en esturiones vacunados contra S. iniae. El trabajo se realizó en un criadero ubicado en Uruguay, donde se aisló como causante de las muertes a S. iniae. Se utilizaron dos vacunas, una producida en Uruguay y otra importada. Los títulos de anticuerpos fueron significativamente superiores en los animales vacunados con respecto a los testigos hasta los 120 días postvacunación.In captive fish breeding, one of the most important diseases is that caused by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae). The aim of this work was the study of antibodies titles sturgeons vaccinated against S. iniae. The work was conducted in a sturgeon hatchery located in Uruguay, where the microorganism isolated and characterized as causing the deaths was S. iniae. Two vaccines were used , one produced in Uruguay and the other from Israel. The results showed that antibody titers were significantly higher in animals vaccinated respect to witnesses within 120 days.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Serotyping and evaluation of the virulence in mice of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs

A total of 110 strains of Streptococcus suis, isolated from diseased pigs in Brazil were serotyped and analyzed for virulence. Serotyping of the strains resulted in the following classification: 42 strains of serotype 2 (38.2%), 10 strains of serotype 14 (9.1%), seven strains of serotype 9 (6.4%), three strains each of serotype 7 and 11 (2.7%), two strains each of serotype 1 and 8 (1.8%) and one strain each of serotypes &frac12;, 3, 5, 6 and 10 (0.9%). Cross reactions among serotypes 1, 14 and 7 were observed in 21 strains (19.1%). Only 41.9% of the strains were lethal for mice using the pathogenicity test.Um total of 110 amostras de Streptococcus suis isoladas de suínos doentes, no Brasil foram sorotipificadas e analisadas para a virulência. Sorotipificação das amostras resultou na seguinte classificação: 42 amostras do sorotipo 2 (38,2%), 10 amostras do sorotipo 14 (9,1%), sete amostras do sorotipo 9 (6,4%), três amostras de cada sorotipo, 7 e 11 (2,7%), duas amostras de cada sorotipo, 1 e 8 (1,8%) e uma amostra de cada um dos sorotipos, &frac12;, 3, 5, 6 e 10 (0,9%). Reações cruzadas entre os sorotipos 1, 14 e 7 foram observadas em 21 amostras (19,1%). Somente 41,9% das amostras foram patogênicas para camundongos

Outbreak of dermatofilosis in calves

La Dermatofilosis es una enfermedad aguda o crónica de la epidermis, caracterizada por lesiones inflamatorias, exudativas, sangrantes con formación de costras, causada por una bacteria, Dermathophilus congolensis. Afecta a bovinos, ovinos, equinos, caprinos, animales salvajes y al hombre considerandose una zoonosis menor. El presente trabajo comunica un brote causado por Dermathophilus congolensis en terneros de tambo. Los animales afectados presentaban lesiones en piel, no pruriginosas, estas eran al comienzo sangrantes y dolorosas, terminando en costras las cuales se desprendían junto a los pelos quedando una superficie lisa alopécica. Las lesiones comenzaron en la cara y continuaron por el lomo y miembros posteriores. Se remitieron al laboratorio costras y exudados. Las muestras se procesaron para diagnóstico de dermatofitos y dermatofilosis. Los resultados dieron negativos para dermatofitos y positivos para Dermatophilus congolensis. En base a la sintomatología clínica y a los hallazgos de laboratorio se llegó al diagnóstico de Dermatophilus congolensis.Dermatophylosis is an acute or chronic epidermal disease, characterized by inflammation, exudation, bleeding injuries with scab formation, caused by a bacterium: Dermathophilus congolensis. The disease it causes is consider a minor zoonosis which affects bovines, ovines, equines, goats, wild animals and human beings. This work informs a bud, in a bull calves inn, caused by Dermathophilus congolensis. The affected animals displayed skin non itching injuries which were firstly bleeding and painful, and then scabby, the scabs were given off with hairs to render alopecia. The injuries began in the face and continued in the back and limbs. Scabs and exudates were sent to the laboratory. The samples were processed for diagnosis of dermatophytes and dermatophylosis. The results were negative for dermatophytes and positve for Dermatophilus congolensis. On the basis of the clinical sintomatology and the laboratory findings the diagnosis of Dermatophilus congoliensis came up.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit