Effects of alternative marine diesel fuels on the exhaust particle size distributions of an off-road diesel engine

The main objective of this study was to find out how alternative fuels affect the exhaust gas particle size distribution. The fuels are later intended for marine applications. Along with low-sulfur marine light fuel oil (LFO), a high-speed off-road diesel engine was fueled by circulation-origin marine gas oil (MGO), rapeseed methyl ester (RME), crude tall oil derived renewable diesel (HVO), the 20/80 vol.-% blend of renewable naphtha and marine LFO, and kerosene. Particle size distributions were measured by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), but soot, gaseous emissions and the basic engine performance were also determined. During the measurements, the 4-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine was run according to the non-road steady cycle complemented by an additional load point. The engine control parameters were kept constant, and any parameter optimization was not made with the studied fuels. Relative to baseline LFO, both naphtha-LFO blend and RME reduced particle numbers above the size range of 50 nm. Circulation-origin MGO and kerosene generated a high total particle number (TPN), most likely due to their higher sulfur contents. MGO and RME were beneficial in terms of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions while nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were the highest with RME. The differences in smoke emission were negligible.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Performance and emissions of a medium-speed engine driven with sustainable options of liquid fuels

Energy production and transport are major global contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. Both sectors should reduce their use of fossil energy sources. Pollutant emissions must also be reduced without jeopardizing energy efficiency, reliability, and profitability. The internal combustion engine will dominate in marine and power plant applications for a long time because it offers high energy density, efficiency, durability, and the ability to respond rapidly to load changes. Ever-tightening emissions legislation encourages development of new solutions for engine-driven power. One example is exploring the use of alternative fuels in large engines. Low-carbon liquid fuels with high energy density are ideal for applications working far from any infrastructure. This study evaluated how three liquid fuel alternatives perform in a medium-speed engine. One new fuel was a circular economy-based marine gas oil (MGO). The second novelty was a blend of renewable naphtha and low-sulfur light fuel oil (LFO). Neat LFO served as the baseline fuel. The study started with thorough fuel analyses, including the fuels’ ignition properties. Then, a medium-speed engine was driven with each fuel by using similar engine settings and without exhaust aftertreatment. The results indicate that the thermal efficiencies were almost equal for all fuels at all studied loads. No notable differences were observed in the heat release curves. The naphtha/LFO blend produced slightly increased HC emissions at low loads but showed the lowest HC at full load. NOx emissions were very similar with all fuels. MGO and naphtha/LFO blend usually emitted fewer ultrafine exhaust particles than LFO. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions were always very low. Overall, both novel fuels could be adopted for medium-speed engines.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Effect of Alternative Liquid Fuels on the Exhaust Particle Size Distributions of a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine

We mainly aimed to determine how alternative liquid fuels affect the exhaust particle size distributions (PSD) emitted by a medium-speed diesel engine. The selected alternative fuels included: circulation-origin marine gas oil (MGO), the 26/74 vol. % blend of renewable naphtha and baseline low-sulfur marine light fuel oil (LFO), and kerosene. PSDs were measured by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer from the raw exhaust of a four-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine. During the measurements, the engine was loaded by an alternator, the maximum power output being set at 600 kW(e) at a speed of 1000 rpm. The partial loads of 450, 300, 150 and 60 kW(e) were also used for measurements. At each load, the PSDs had a distinct peak between 20 and 100 nm regardless of fuel. Relative to the other fuels, circulation-origin MGO emitted the lowest particle numbers at several loads despite having the highest viscosity and highest density. Compared to baseline LFO and kerosene, MGO and the blend of renewable naphtha and LFO were more beneficial in terms of total particle number (TPN). Irrespective of the load or fuel, the TPN consisted mainly of particles detected above the 23 nm size category

Organiska miljögifter i fisk från svenska bakgrundsområden

Fisk från nio svenska lokaler, representerande sötvatten, kust och utsjö, har analyserats på PBDE (polybromerade difenyletrar), HBCD, PAH (polycykliska aromatiska kolväten), Klorerade bensener, PCB, ftalater, och klorerade dioxiner och furander i fiskmuskel. Dessutom har pentaklorfenol, triclosan och tetrabrombisfenol A analyserats i fiskgalla från tre av dessa lokaler.

Organiska miljögifter i fisk från svenska bakgrundsområden

Fisk från nio svenska lokaler, representerande sötvatten, kust och utsjö, har analyserats på PBDE (polybromerade difenyletrar), HBCD, PAH (polycykliska aromatiska kolväten), Klorerade bensener, PCB, ftalater, och klorerade dioxiner och furander i fiskmuskel. Dessutom har pentaklorfenol, triclosan och tetrabrombisfenol A analyserats i fiskgalla från tre av dessa lokaler.

Organiska miljögifter i fisk från svenska bakgrundslokaler

Fisk från nio svenska lokaler, representerande sötvatten, kust och utsjö, har analyserats på PBDE (polybromerade difenyletrar), HBCD, PAH (polycykliska aromatiska kolväten), klorerade bensener, PCB, ftalater, och klorerade dioxiner och furaner i fiskmuskel. Dessutom har pentaklorfenol, triclosan och tetrabrombisfenol A analyserats i fiskgalla från tre av dessa lokaler.Fisk från nio svenska lokaler, representerande sötvatten, kust och utsjö, har analyserats på PBDE (polybromerade difenyletrar), HBCD, PAH (polycykliska aromatiska kolväten), klorerade bensener, PCB, ftalater, och klorerade dioxiner och furaner i fiskmuskel. Dessutom har pentaklorfenol, triclosan och tetrabrombisfenol A analyserats i fiskgalla från tre av dessa lokaler