A DFT study on secondary reaction pathways in the acid-catalysed Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime in aprotic solvent

Non-availability of competent supervisory staff, a focus on improving performance indicators rather than clinical guidance, and lack of a functional referral system, collectively create an environment that is non-conducive for improving patient care while also contributing to the isolation of physicians. Applying a systems thinking approach and using measles and tuberculosis as case examples, the study examined human advice-seeking behavior of primary health care (PHC) physicians in a rural district of Pakistan including the degree to which the existing PHC system supports their access to human advice. Findings underscore the need for a functional information system comprising context-sensitive knowledge management

Chemical components of marine sponge derived fungus fusarium proliferatum collected from Pulau Tinggi Malaysia (Komponen kimia kulat fusarium proliferatum diperolehi daripada Span Marin di Perairan Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia)

Marine fungus Fusarium proliferatum derived from marine sponge collected along Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia was cultivated on Potato Dextrose Broth and incubated for 7 days at 30oC. The liquid cultures were then extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extract was investigated for its anti-microbial activity and was passed through Sephadex column and the fractions were collected. Reverse phase HPLC was used to monitor the component of crude extract. HPLC guided purification of crude extract resulted in the isolation of linoleic acid, 4-hydroxy phenethyl alcohol, 2,5-furandimethanol and adenosine. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods

Teaching Language Through Literature: an ELT Based Study

The present study aims to: firstly, highlight the effectiveness of using literature in ELT classes in an interesting and innovative manner in Pakistan; secondly, to help language teachers develop a thoughtful and principled approach to using literature in the language classroom; thirdly, to provide teachers with the tools for developing their own classroom materials and for using these materials in a way that is relevant to their learners' needs. This paper explores the text of ‘Good Bye Mr. Chips', a famous novel by James Hilton (1934) for teaching at the Intermediate level. For the analysis of data, insights are taken from the works of Dubin & Olshtain (1977), Collie & Slater (1987) and Robinette. B. W (1978). It was found that activities like role plays and a lot of pair work and group work not only caused reduction in anxiety level of students but also increased their level of interest and enthusiasm. It also concluded that for facilitating language teaching and learning, the formation of a variety of activities based on learners' needs from carefully and properly selected texts is unavoidable. Future researchers can exploit similar literary texts following the same frameworks for language teaching purposes

Chemical components and bioactivity of the marine-derived fungus paecilomyces sp collected from Tinggi Island, Malaysia

The marine fungus Paecilomyces sp., derived from the marine sponge collected along Tinggi Island, Malaysia, was cultivated and incubated for 7 days at 30 C. The liquid cultures were then extracted, and the crude extract was investigated for its antimicrobial activity. Purification of the crude extract resulted in the isolation of the new (3R*,5E,7E,9R*,11E,13Z)-1- ((3′aS*,6′aR*)-2′-amino-5′-oxo-3′a, 5′,6′,6′a-tetrahydrofuro [3′,2′-b]furan-3-yl)-3,7, 9,11-tetramethylheptadeca-5,7,11,13-tetraene-1,2-dione (1) and four known metabolites, stigmasterol (2), cholesteryl linoleate (3), linoleic acid (4), and 2,5-furandimethanol (5). The structures of the components were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antimicrobial activities of all the isolated compounds were evaluated against a panel of bacteria and fungi

Frecuencia de aspergiloma en pacientes con antecedentes de Tuberculosis, Hemoptisis, radiografía de tórax anormal y baciloscopía negativa

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de aspergilomas en pacientes con antecedentes de tuberculosis pulmonar curada, hemoptisis, radiografía de tórax anormal y BK negativo. Materiales y métodos: Se enroló 28 pacientes entre diciembre de 2002 y septiembre de 2004 en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue de Lima y Hospital Belén de Trujillo. A los pacientes evaluados en el Hospital Belén se les solicitó tres muestras de esputo, seriadas y consecutivas, mientras que los pacientes evaluados en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue y que fueron sometidos a cirugía de tórax, se les colectó una porción de la pieza quirúrgica tisular pulmonar. Ambas muestras biológicas fueron cultivadas en agar sabouraud dextrosa - cloramfenicol 0,05% e incubados a temperatura ambiente y 37 ºC por 15 días. A todos los pacientes se les extrajo 5 mL de sangre total para realizar la prueba de inmunodifusión contra Aspergillus sp. Resultados: La frecuencia de aspergiloma fue de 43% (12/28). Se identificó por cultivo Aspergillus fumigatus en cinco casos, Aspergillus sp en dos, A. niger en uno, A. flavus en uno y en dos casos positivos por serología no se logró aislar el hongo. En los dos pacientes donde se identificó A. niger, no se detectó presencia de anticuerpos contra Aspergillus sp. En el Hospital Belén la frecuencia de aspergiloma fue 39% (7/18) y en el Hospital Hipólito Unanue 50% (5/10). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de aspergiloma en los 28 pacientes investigados en ambos hospitales fue de 43% y el principal agente etiológico fue A. fumigatus