Tertiary Trauma Survey: Nurses Performance and Polytrauma Patients’ Outcomes

Context: Tertiary Trauma Survey is an important tool for detecting missed injury, and some trauma units have created their protocol for tertiary trauma surveys to decrease the incidence of missed injuries in trauma patients.Aim: This study aims to assess nurses' performance regarding tertiary Survey and Poly-trauma patients' outcomes.Methods: Descriptive exploratory design was utilized to achieve the aim of the study. A convenient sample of all available nurses (50 nurses) working in the intensive care unit at the emergency hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. A purposeful sample composed of (50) adult patients diagnosed as polytrauma patients was recruited from the same units. Data was obtained through three main tools; Self-administered questionnaire for nurses, nurses practice observational checklist and clinical outcome record for patients. Results: Nurses had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practice regarding the tertiary trauma survey (44%&32%, respectively). There was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between the total level of knowledge and practice. There was a difference between injury severity score and laboratory, hemodynamic status, physical assessment, and radiological findings of poly-trauma patients on admission and after 24 hours. Conclusion: Less than half and less than one-third of the nurses under study had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practice, respectively, regarding the tertiary trauma survey. There was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between the total level of knowledge and total level practice. Polytrauma patients' outcomes revealed a statistically significant difference between injury severity score, hemodynamic status, physical assessment, and radiological findings in polytrauma patients on admission and after 24 hours. Recommendations: Further research is needed to follow the patients' outcomes and missed injuries. Replication of the current study on a larger probability sample is recommended to achieve generalization of the result. Tailored Training courses are needed for nurses to improve unsatisfactory knowledge and practices regarding tertiary trauma survey- integrated studies with the emergency medical team to communicate patients' outcome research findings

BAYESIAN TWO-SAMPLE PREDICTION OF THE GENERALIZED PARETO DISTRIBUTION WITH FIXED AND RANDOM SAMPLE SIZES BASED ON GENERALIZED ORDER STATISTICS

Bayesian predictive intervals for future observations from a future sample from the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) based on generalized order statistics (GOS) are obtained when the shape parameter is unknown. We consider two cases: (i) fixed sample size (FSS), and (ii) random sample size (RSS).Some closed forms for the Bayesian predictive functions are obtained. Finally examples are calculated for the lower and the upper bounds of the future observations in cases when the future sample is ordinary order statistics (OOS), record values and progressive type II censoring with different values for the scale parameter &nbsp

Antifungal Activity of Syzygium aromaticum (Dianthus) against toxigenic Rhizopus stolonifera and its immunomodulatory effects in aflatoxin-fed mice

Purpose: To evaluate the antifungal potency of Syzygium aromaticum (Dianthus) seed extract against the growth and aflatoxin production of Rhizopus stolonifer, and its immunomodulatory effect.Methods: Disc diffusion method was used for assay of antifungal effect of aqueous extract of Dianthus. Lymphoid cell counts, total and differential peritoneal exudate cell counts (PEC), phagocytic activity of PEC, and plaque-forming activities were determined. In addition, E-rosette-forming cells (RFC), T-cell mitogenesis cells and liver functions were measured.Results: The aqueous extract of Dianthus (50 %) exhibited high inhibition zone against most isolates of R. stolonifera. It produced significant increases in the number of splenocytes, as well as in the absolute number and relative proportion of macrophages (p < 0.05). The extract also produced a gradual increase in the scavenging activity of PEC, and significant reduction in serum ALT, relative to control.Conclusion: These results suggest that Dianthus modifies biological responses by enhancement of the immune system, activation of phagocytosis, boosting of immune response, and prevention of liver damage.Keywords: Aflatoxin, Syzygium aromaticum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Lymphocytes, T-cells, B-cells, Macrophage

EFFECT OF COMPOST, MINERAL NPK, EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS AND SOME VITAMIN TREATMENTS ON GROWTH, FRUIT YIELD AND ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM, L.) PLANTS

Two field experiments were carried out during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the Experimental Farm, Fac. Agric., Minia Univ. to investigate the effect of compost (0, 5, 7.5 and 10 ton/fed), mineral NPK, effective microorganisms (E.M.), vit. E, vit. B1, E.M. + vit. E. and E.M. + vit. B1 on the growth and productivity (fruits and essential oil) of coriander plants. The obtained data revealed that vegetative growth characters (plant height, stem diameter and herb dry weight/plant), yield components (number of umbels/plant, fruit yield/plant and /fed) and all studied oil production (oil %, oil yield/plant and /fed) were significantly increased due to the application of all levels of compost over those of control treatments. The maximum values were recorded at the high level of compost (10 ton/fed). Vegetative growth characters, fruit yield and essential oil productivity parameters were significantly augmented as a result of using the different six treatments. The most effective treatments in this concern were mineral NPK (full dose) followed by E.M. + vit. E without significant difference between such superior treatments.  While, E.M. plus either vit. E or vit. B1 gave the highest essential oil %. Moreover, E.M. + vit. E followed by NPK (full dose) recorded the highest essential oil yield/plant and /fed. It could be recommended to supply Coriandrum sativum plants with compost at 10 ton/fed in combination with E.M. + vit. E. to alternative to compost (10 ton/fed) with mineral NPK (full dose) to ensure the safety, not only for human but also for the environment in which we live

Role of Zinc and Zinc Ionophores in Brain Health and Depression Especially during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Zinc is a trace metal ion that has a role in both physiological and pathological processes, making it one of the most common and necessary components involved in brain function. Besides, zinc is required for cell proliferation control in a variety of mechanisms, including hormonal regulation of cell division. Also, zinc serves as a biochemical signal to immune cells and transcription factors involved in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, zinc has a variety of crucial roles in neurogenesis and also acts as a neuromodulator on a wide range of membrane receptors, ion channels, and transporters. Zinc is produced by neurons under several conditions to activate microglia. The link between zinc dysregulation and psychiatric disorder was that zinc acts as an inhibitory modulator at the N-methyl-D aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Ionophores are ion carrier molecules that reversibly bind and transport ions through biological membranes. Ionophores can be natural or synthetic products. Zinc ionophores such as quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), hinokitol, and proanthocyanidins have been shown to protect brain health, particularly in depression clinically significant depression and depressive symptoms in post-COVID-19 syndrome may have severe implications as it relates to life outcomes quality, herein according to previous research studies, we showed zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for depression symptoms, which were commonly observed following severe infection of COVID-19

MICROALBUMINURIA BESIDES TO URINARY ENZYMATIC PROTEIN LEVELS INCREASE IN DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH TYPE II DIABETICS

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a time progressive problem, give rise in uncontrolled Diabetics increasing risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and /or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The vulnerability to renal dysfunction manifested with sudden glomerular hypofiltration associated with micro-to macroalbuminuria passing to renal failure. So that, screening of specific enzymes shifts, or urinary albumin may predict onset diabetic nephropathy. Objective:The assessment of urinary alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and microalbuminuria (MAU) for type II diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: In this study,120 type II diabetic patients were compared to 90 healthy volunteers of matched age and sex in Al-Leith General Hospital, Al-Leith Kidney Unit (AKU), Al-Leith, Makkah area, KSA in which random urine samples were collected for testing of MAU, ALP, AAP, ACP and Cr. Results: Mean values of measured biomarkers in patient group for MAU, ALP, AAP, ACP and Cr were 51.92 mg/I, 41.55 U/L, 20.17 U/L, 570.10 U/L and 2.92 mg/dl VS in control group were 12.59 mg/I, 8.84 U/L, 6.94 U/L, 385.87U/L and 1.07 mg/dl respectively. Additionally, there were statistically positive correlation between AAP with MAU and ALP; ACP with MAU, ALP and AAP; Cr level with MAU, ALP, AAP and ACP; on the other hand, there were positive significant correlation between duration of diabetes with all studied markers. Conclusion: Using of MAU in addition to other urinary enzymes could be beneficial non-invasive indicators for renal deterioration in type II diabetics

The Effect of Cinnamon versus Atorvastatin on the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Hypercholesterolemic Albino Rats (Histological, Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural study)

Hypercholesterolemia refers to elevated cholesterol levels in the blood, and statin family compounds are essential synthetic medications for treating this condition. Plant extracts, such as cinnamon, were used to treat various diseases, researchs showing that cinnamon significantly reduces blood triglycerides and total cholesterol while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Objectives: The present study's goal was to compare the effect of Cinnamon versus Atorvastatin on the submandibular salivary gland of hypercholesterolemic albino rats. Materials and Methods: There were two groups of twenty-eight male albino rats. (1) Control group: rats were kept on a normal diet, (2) Experimental groups: Hypercholesterolemic group: rats fed with hypercholesterolemic rich diet for 4 months, Atorvastatin and Cinnamon groups: rats were given Atorvastatin tablets and Cinnamon powder at the beginning of the third month with a dose of 10 mg/kg BW. and 6mg \ Kg. B.W. respectively. Sections 5 mm thick of the submandibular salivary glands were examined histologically, ultra-structurally, and immunologically through assessment of anti-Caspase Ⅲ immune antibody. Results: The group with high cholesterol showed marked degenerative changes in parenchymal elements of the submandibular salivary gland, while the Atorvastatin and Cinnamon groups showed a marked enhancing effect in the histological structure of the rat’s submandibular gland. Conclusion: Administration of Atorvastatin as a synthetic line of treatment for hypercholesterolemia positively affected submandibular gland tissue and the cholesterol level in the blood. As a natural herbal line of treatment Cinnamon enhanced the histological and ultrastructure picture of the submandibular gland, level of caspase III in addition to blood cholesterol levels in hypercholesteraemic rat

Voltammetric and impedimetric determinations of selenium(iv) by an innovative gold-free poly(1-aminoanthraquinone)/multiwall carbon nanotube-modified carbon paste electrode

Selenite (Se4+), a significant source of water pollution above the permissible limits, is considered a valuable metal by environmentalists. In this study, we described a novel electrochemical sensor that utilized a carbon paste electrode (CPE) that was modified using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(1-aminoanthraquinone) (p-AAQ) for finding Se4+ in water samples. Electrochemical quantification of Se4+ depends on the formation of a selective complex (piaselenol) with p-AAQ. In this work, we prepared a CPE modified by physical embedding of MWCNTs and 1-aminoanthraquione (AAQ), while the polymer film was formed by anodic polymerization of AAQ by applying a constant potential of 0.75 V in 0.1 M HCl for 20 s followed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) from -0.2 to 1.4 V for 20 cycles. The modified CPE was used for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of Se4+ in 0.1 M H2SO4 from 0 to 0.4 V with a characteristic peak at 0.27 V. Further, the proposed sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The analytical conditions regarding the electrode performance and voltammetric measurements were optimized, with the accumulation time and potential, supporting electrolyte, differential-pulse period/time, and amplitude. The EIS results indicated that the p-AAQ/MWCNTs-modified CPE sensor (p-AAQ/MWCNTs/CPE) that also exhibited low charge-transfer resistance (R-ct) toward the anodic stripping of Se4+, exhibited good analytical performance toward different concentrations of Se4+ in a linear range of 5-50 mu g L-1 Se4+ with a limit of determination (LOD) of 1.5 mu g L-1 (3 sigma). Furthermore, differential-pulse voltammetry was employed to determine different concentrations of Se4+ in a linear range of 1-50 mu g L-1 Se4+, and an LOD value of 0.289 mu g L-1 was obtained. The proposed sensor demonstrated good precision (relative standard deviation = 4.02%) at a Se4+ concentration of 5 mu g L-1. Moreover, the proposed sensor was applied to analyze Se4+ in wastewater samples that were spiked with Se, and it achieved good recovery values