Modern Man’s Religious Plight: Harvey Whitehouse’ Modes of Religiosity in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot

This study textually analyzed Samuel Beckett’s ‘Waiting for Godot’ which shows dispositions of religion to man and man’s behavior to religion. Moreover, the study highlights Beckett’s depiction of man’s belief of waiting for his survivor to come for his help. This paper questions the purpose of religious interpretations and man’s dwindling belief in God at the time of his utmost trial. To debate on the hypothesis, Beckett’s Play “Waiting for Godot is chosen. For the purpose of investigation Harvey Whitehouse’s theory, “Mood of Religiosity” is hence considered. To carry out research, textual analysis is applied. The paper comprises of two levels of investigation, first on theoretical model and second on dimensional model. The paper sets new trends for the future researchers to analyze religion in text through different ways. Keywords: Religiosity, dimensional, behavior, dwindling belief, trial, religious interpretations

An analysis changing dynamics of Sino-Russian relations in Central Asia

This paper analyses China's growing presence in Central Asia and its consequences on Sino-Russian bilateral relations. Global leading economic powers are establishing relations with Central Asian states and are actively investing in the trade and energy sector. China is becoming an influential external actor due to its energy and security interests linked to this region as it will decrease Chinese dependence on Middle East for its energy needs. Russia has been considering Central Asia as important domain of its great power and never allowed any other state to replace its hegemony in Central Asia. Though China and Russia have witnessed a bitter past but now cooperating for their mutual interests in Central Asia. This paper aims to provide a historical perspective of Sino-Russian relations and an analysis of current engagement of China and Russia in Central Asia through the lens of neorealism. The methodology used in the research paper is secondary resources as the information has been gathered from books, articles, newspapers, websites, blogs, etc. The paper suggests that despite the Sino-Russian collision of interests in Central Asia, both major powers will continue to maintain peaceful co-existence to ensure economic development, peace, and prosperity in this region of the world

Does Women Risk Averse in Ownership Behavior: Myth or Reality?

The study aims to explore the impact of female ownership (FO) of financial behavior measured by three dimensions: financial performance (FPER), risk taking behavior (RTB) and stock performance (SPER). Secondary data of sixty Pakistani companies for the period of 2011-17 are collected. Multiple regressions are applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that Female ownership (FO) has negative (positive) linkage with FPER (RTB) respectively. However, the findings are vice versa in case of female primary ownership (FPO) with same independent variables. The finding of the study is very significant regarding the behavior of women in the context of ownership. FO (FPO) shows indirect (direct) significant effect on financial behavior vice versa to RTB

3-(3-Methyl­phen­yl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one

In the title compound, C10H9NOS2, the dihedral angle between the rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one) and 3-methyl­phenyl rings is 83.30 (3)°. The H atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two set of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.58 (3):0.42 (3). In the crystal, the mol­ecules inter­act by way of C—H⋯π and C=O⋯π inter­actions

Comparison of neonatal respiratory morbidity in neonates delivered at term by elective caesarean section with and without antenatal Corticosteroid

Introduction:Performing elective caesarean section prior to 39 completed weeks,it can lead to breathing problems in neonates as compare to those, who are born through caesarean section without antenatal Corticosteroid. WHO recommends the administration of intramuscular corticosteroids either dexamethasone or betamethason (total 24mg in divided doses) in the antenatal period, when there is a risk of preterm birth. The advantages and disadvantages of a similar regimen given after 37 weeksof pregnancy prior to elective caesarean section (LSCS) to prevent respiratory morbidity in a newborn is yet a topic of discussion.In Pakistan still,many clinicians are doing caesarean section at 37 or 38 weeks without antenatal Corticosteroids. The rationale is to emphasize the use of steroidsbefore caesareanat 39 weeks. Objective:To compare neonatal respiratory distress in neonates delivered between 37 --38+6 weeks of gestation by elective caesarean section with and without antenatal Corticosteroid. Study design:Randomized controlled trial. Setting:Department of Gynae & Obstetrics, unit 2, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Duration:Six months from 12th September 2018 to 12th March 2019. Materials and Methods:The study included women who were, planned for elective LSCS at 37-38+6 weeks, divided into two groups .The sample size was 140 (70 in each group),recruited by non-probability consécutive sampling. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy, at 37 to 38+6 weeks for elective LSCS due to indications like primi breech, previous caesarian scar/scars, and maternal wish. All eligible participants were allocated to one of the following groups. Group (A) received an injection of dexamethasone 48 to 72 hours before elective LSCS. Group (B), did not receive an injection of dexamethasone. The outcome to be measuredinthis study were the Apgar score at 1& 5 minutes, the incidence of transient tachpnea of the neonate (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns,and the need for mechanical ventilation among neonates from two different groups. The data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version 20.Descriptive statistic were applied to calculate the mean and SD for age, gestation age & BMI. Student T-test was used to compare the continuous outcome measures. Neonatal respiratory morbidity was compared in two groups by using the chi-square test at the level of significance of 0.05.Results:Mean age in Group-A was 28.12± 5.6 and in Group-B was 28.97± 6.3 years. There was no statistically significant difference in these groups in termsof Body mass index, gestational age at the time of delivery, age of mother, birth weight, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min,and indications for cesarean section. Neonatal respiratory morbidity was higher in Group-B as compared to Group-A (30% vs.12.9%)p-value-0.013. Conclusion:Antenatal dexamethasone administration significantly reduces the respiratory morbidity among neonates delivered at 37 to 38+6by elective cesarean section. But further studies are required to assess the beneficial role of dexamethasone in the reduction of neonatal respiratory morbidity with a large sample size.Keywords:Neonatal respiratory morbidity, transient tachypnea of newborn, elective caesarean section, antenatal corticosteroids

Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Sauce and Formulation of Tamarindus indica (L.) And Prunus domestica (L.) Fruits

The formulation and sauce of Tamarindus indica  (L.) and Prusnus  dometica (L.) are very popular recipes across globe. But, not even a single study existed on free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of afore-mentioned recipes. So, the present study was designed to bridge this gap of information. The FRSA of individual samples were also determined and compared with that of combinations of both. The highest value for FRSA among all samples was that of T. indica (158.9732 ± 12.658 % at 100 μg ml-1). It was followed by that of individual extract of P. domestica fruit (96.647 ± 0.554 %). The percent FRSA of both combinations was less than that of individual sample extracts. The highest SA recorded was 93.886 ± 0.471 % and 77.64 ± 16.391 % respectively. The fruit length was 10.18 ± 0.34 cm and 4.7 ± 0.2 cm for T. indica  and P. domestica  respectively. The width of fruit was 1.6±0.3 cm and 4.55 ± 0.12 cm for T. indica  and P. domestica  respectively. The weight of fruit was 7.2 ± 0.6 g and 44.8 ± 0.37 g for T. indica  and P. domestica  respectively, Pulp weight was 48 ± 0.43% and 94.58±0.352% for T. indica  and P. domestica  respectively. The stone weight was 30 ± 0.421 % and 5.42±0.224  %  for T. indica  and P. domestica  respectively. The values of squared R reflected that there was a strong correlation between the concentrations and percent SA for all the studied samples (p \u3c 0.05) with values of R2 0.896 and 0.946 in case of T. indica and P. domestica extracts respectively and 0.980 and 0.875 for sauce and formulation respectively. It was concluded that the mixture of both ingredients has considerable potential for scavenging free radicals

Comparison of neonatal respiratory morbidity in neonates delivered at term by elective caesarean section with and without antenatal Corticosteroid

Introduction:Performing elective caesarean section prior to 39 completed weeks,it can lead to breathing problems in neonates as compare to those, who are born through caesarean section without antenatal Corticosteroid. WHO recommends the administration of intramuscular corticosteroids either dexamethasone or betamethason (total 24mg in divided doses) in the antenatal period, when there is a risk of preterm birth. The advantages and disadvantages of a similar regimen given after 37 weeksof pregnancy prior to elective caesarean section (LSCS) to prevent respiratory morbidity in a newborn is yet a topic of discussion.In Pakistan still,many clinicians are doing caesarean section at 37 or 38 weeks without antenatal Corticosteroids. The rationale is to emphasize the use of steroidsbefore caesareanat 39 weeks. Objective:To compare neonatal respiratory distress in neonates delivered between 37 --38+6 weeks of gestation by elective caesarean section with and without antenatal Corticosteroid. Study design:Randomized controlled trial. Setting:Department of Gynae & Obstetrics, unit 2, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Duration:Six months from 12th September 2018 to 12th March 2019. Materials and Methods:The study included women who were, planned for elective LSCS at 37-38+6 weeks, divided into two groups .The sample size was 140 (70 in each group),recruited by non-probability consécutive sampling. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy, at 37 to 38+6 weeks for elective LSCS due to indications like primi breech, previous caesarian scar/scars, and maternal wish. All eligible participants were allocated to one of the following groups. Group (A) received an injection of dexamethasone 48 to 72 hours before elective LSCS. Group (B), did not receive an injection of dexamethasone. The outcome to be measuredinthis study were the Apgar score at 1& 5 minutes, the incidence of transient tachpnea of the neonate (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns,and the need for mechanical ventilation among neonates from two different groups. The data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version 20.Descriptive statistic were applied to calculate the mean and SD for age, gestation age & BMI. Student T-test was used to compare the continuous outcome measures. Neonatal respiratory morbidity was compared in two groups by using the chi-square test at the level of significance of 0.05.Results:Mean age in Group-A was 28.12± 5.6 and in Group-B was 28.97± 6.3 years. There was no statistically significant difference in these groups in termsof Body mass index, gestational age at the time of delivery, age of mother, birth weight, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min,and indications for cesarean section. Neonatal respiratory morbidity was higher in Group-B as compared to Group-A (30% vs.12.9%)p-value-0.013. Conclusion:Antenatal dexamethasone administration significantly reduces the respiratory morbidity among neonates delivered at 37 to 38+6by elective cesarean section. But further studies are required to assess the beneficial role of dexamethasone in the reduction of neonatal respiratory morbidity with a large sample size.Keywords:Neonatal respiratory morbidity, transient tachypnea of newborn, elective caesarean section, antenatal corticosteroids

Clinical severity spectrum of re-infected cov-19 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa (KPK)

Background: Re-infection is infection likely to occurred second time. Recently due to increase in the pandemic of SARS COV-2 there were increased in cases of re-infection but the clinically severity spectrum of re-infection is unknown. This study is design to determine clinical severity of re-infected COV-19 patients. Material and methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in pathology department of Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar Pakistan and Leady Reading Hospital Peshawar within duration of 6 months (February-July 2021). Inclusion criteria: Patients who were re-infected by SARS COV-2 and having duration between primary infection and re-infection are > 30 days were included. Exclusion criteria: Unwilling patient to give data and patients having duration between primary infection and re-infection is<30 days were excluded from the study. Sample size: Total 32 samples were collected by designing proper Questionnaire according to the criteria of (World Health Organization). The collected data will be analyzed through SPSS version 22. The frequencies, mean, standard deviation of data was performed by descriptive statistics in SPSS. Result: Out of 32 primary SARS COV-2 infected individuals, 20 have mild infection while in same 32 re-infected SARS COV-2 individuals 19 individuals have severe symptoms in its secondary infection with mean age (32years) of individuals. Conclusion: In current study by comparing primary symptoms of SARS COV-2 infected individuals with symptoms of Re-infected individuals, symptoms are mild and severe respectively. Hence, re-infection cause by SARS COV-2 is more severe than primary infectio