4-Nitro­phenyl 2-chloro­benzoate

The aromatic rings in the title compound, C13H8ClNO4, enclose a dihedral angle of 39.53 (3)°. The nitro group is almost coplanar with the ring to which it is attached [dihedral angle = 4.31 (1)°]. In the crystal, molecules are connected by C-H...O hydrogen bonds into chains running along [001]. Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 173 K; mean σ(C–C) = 0.002 A°; R factor = 0.044; wR factor = 0.105; data-to-parameter ratio = 18.9

Predictive Efficacy of Haematological Biomarkers in COVID-19 infection

Introduction: The ongoing Corona Virus Pandemic is linked with high rates of morbidity and mortality globally. Early and effective predictors of clinical outcomes are urgently required to develop effective management protocols.Objective: To investigate the predictive efficacy of haematological biomarkers in Covid -19 infectionMethods: Blood samples were drawn from COVID‐19 infected pneumonia patients. Baseline clinical information was collected and quantification of hemostatic variable was done.  Laboratory data both groups expired and recovered were compared using t- test, Mann Whitney- U test, chi squared-test and Kruskal Wallis test. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the independent contribution of haematological variable in Covid19 related mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve were drawn to find the predictive efficacy of significantly related parameters.Results: Out of 191 patients 68.1%  were male. D‐dimer (median 800 ng/mL; IQR 200‐3200) and NLR (median 10.40; IQR 3.20-22.80) were found to be predominantly raised and significantly correlated with Covid mortality in multivariate regression analysis. The optimum cutoff value of D-dimer to predict in-hospital mortality was 450 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 71.6% and a specificity of 95.8%. The optimum cutoff value of NLR to predict in-hospital mortality was 5.450 with a sensitivity of 70.1% and a specificity of 71%.Conclusion: D-dimer and NLR could be used as the significant indicators in predicting the mortality of COVID-19

Sustainability Reporting Practices: A Study of Selected Banking Companies of Bangladesh

This study examines the current reporting practices of sustainability issues of Bangladeshi Banks. This paper examines the annual report of 2016 of selected Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) in consideration of GRI G4 guidelines. This study has found that 100% of the sample bank has participated in sustainability reporting. Most reported sectors are labor, product responsibility, energy, emission. Most of the banks have used a separate section in annual report for sustainability reporting. Mostly narrative disclosures have been used by most of the banks. Even though banks have reported about different issues mentioned in G4, most of the disclosure lacks specificity and clear initiatives. Keywords: Sustainability, Reporting, GRI, Disclosure, Private Commercial Banks

Patterns, control and complications of diabetes from a hospital based registry established in a low income country.

Background: Diabetes registry enables practitioners to measure the characteristics and patterns of diabetes across their patient population. They also provide insight into practice patterns which can be very effective in improving care and preventing complications. The aim of this study was to assess the patterns, control levels and complications at the baseline of the patients attending clinic at the large tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan with the help of the registry. This can be used as a reference to monitor the control and also for a comparison between peer groups. Methods: This was a cross sectional study with the data obtained from diabetes registry collected with the help of pre-designed questionnaire. HbA1c was used as a central diabetes measure and other related factors and complications were assessed with it. Results: Only 16.6% of the participants had optimal HbA1c≤7.0%. 52.9% of the patients were classified as having poor control defined by HbA1c of \u3e8%. Three fourth of the study population were obese according to Asian specific BMI cutoffs and majority had type 2 diabetes with duration of diabetes ranging from less than one to about 35 years, mean(SD) duration being 7.6 years (7.1). Overall only 4% of the patients were on combine target of HbA1c, LDL and BP.Results of multivariable logistic regression showed that the odds of having optimal glycemic control increased by 3% with every one year increase in age. In addition, having longer duration of diabetes was associated with 56% lower odds of having good glycemic control. Moreover, having higher triglyceride levels was associated with 1% lower odds of having good glycemic control. Conclusion: This highlights the large burden of sub optimally controlled people with diabetes in Pakistani population, a low income country with huge diabetes prevalence and ineffective primary health care system creating enormous health and economic burden

Threshold primary tumour sizes for nodal and distant metastases in papillary and follicular thyroid cancers.

Abstract BACKGROUND: In papillary and follicular thyroid cancers (PTC, FTC), nodal and distant metastasis are generally considered important determinants of recurrence and survival, respectively. However, there is no consensus about the threshold primarytumour size (PTS) for these determinants. The aim of this study was to assess size relationships for developing nodal, pulmonary, bone and overall distant metastases. METHODS: This prospective study covered 139 (93 females and 46 males) consecutive biopsy proven patients with PTC (114/139, mean age 41.0 ± 15.7 years, M: F, 35%:65%) and FTC (25/139, mean age 39.2 ± 14.3 years, M: F: 24%:76%). RESULTS: Average primary tumor size was 23.4 ± 11.1 mm and 26.5 ± 13.1 mm for PTC and FTC respectively (p value=0.223). Nodal metastasis was found more common in PTC than FTC (49% vs 28%, p value \u3c0.05), whereas overall distant metastasis was approximately the same (13% and 24%, p value =0.277); however, bone metastasis was significantly higher in FTC than PTC (24% vs 5%, p value \u3c0.05). Cumulative risk for nodal and distant metastases for FTC and PTC starts at PTS \u3c20 mm and may indicate an unusual aggressive tumor behavior in the studied population. Highest cumulative risk for nodal and pulmonary metastases in PTC and for bone metastasis in FTC was found to be ≥ 50 mm PTS. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a PTS of \u3c20 mm may indicate an unusual aggressive tumor behavior with highest cumulative risk for nodal and pulmonary metastases in PTC and for bone metastasis in FTC with a cutoff of ≥ 50 mm

In Vitro Supplementation of Glycine Improves Quality of Cryopreserved Bull Semen

The extender supplementation of glycine on quality of cryopreserved bull sperm was reported in current study. Three adult Sahiwal bulls was used for semen collection by artificial vagina having 42°C (three weeks) (replicates; n=18)). Collected semen was quickly shifted to laboratory for initial evaluation. Qualified semen ejaculates (>60% motility, >1mL volume, >0.5billion/mL cons.) was diluted in tris extender having 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 and 20mM of glycine. Cooling of extended semen to (4℃) was done in 2 hours and kept for 4 hours for equilibration. French straws were used for filling at (4℃), liquid nitrogen used for freezing. Highest percentages of post thaw sperm progressive motility and acrosome integrity were observed in extender containing 5mM of glycine compared to other treatments and control (P<0.05). However, glycine supplementation in extender didn’t affect viability, chromatin integrity and plasma membrane integrity of bull sperm. In conclusion, glycine addition at 5 mM in extender improves quality of cryopreserved bull semen

PRINCE2 METHODOLOGY: AN INNOVATIVE WAY FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF MALAYSIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

The role of project management is identically essential for organizations and it’s converted into an important issue for implementing modern projects. Operations & Management division is the spine of any corporate organization, and it is the key factor for progress the performance of the industry. International competition in automotive industry compulsory required, well-organized project management in each area, for satisfaction of clients and quality. The novel approach of Project Management is Project Management PRINCE2 (PMP2), which is the generic framework, which design to suit every type of project in industry. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of project management prince2 methodology in Malaysian automotive industry. PRINCE2 is a structured method for effective project management. PRINCE2 has strongly established in UK and spread all over the world fluently; as a generic, process based approach of project management. In view of the fact that its emphasis on, the dividing the project into manageable and controllable stages. This research will encourage the implementation of Prince2 methodology in automotive industry of Malaysia. Additionally, it will encourage the prospect applications of PRINCE2, which ultimately improve the human performance in automotive industry

PRINCE2 METHODOLOGY: AN INNOVATIVE WAY FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF MALAYSIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

The role of project management is identically essential for organizations and it’s converted into an important issue for implementing modern projects. Operations & Management division is the spine of any corporate organization, and it is the key factor for progress the performance of the industry. International competition in automotive industry compulsory required, well-organized project management in each area, for satisfaction of clients and quality. The novel approach of Project Management is Project Management PRINCE2 (PMP2), which is the generic framework, which design to suit every type of project in industry. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of project management prince2 methodology in Malaysian automotive industry. PRINCE2 is a structured method for effective project management. PRINCE2 has strongly established in UK and spread all over the world fluently; as a generic, process based approach of project management. In view of the fact that its emphasis on, the dividing the project into manageable and controllable stages. This research will encourage the implementation of Prince2 methodology in automotive industry of Malaysia. Additionally, it will encourage the prospect applications of PRINCE2, which ultimately improve the human performance in automotive industry

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation