Effect of envelope insulation on building heating energy requirement, cost and carbon footprint from a life-cycle perspective

Space heating is the dominant item of energy consumption of buildings in Turkey. Effective building envelope insulation, especially in early design phase, is the most common passive solution that significantly reduces the annual heating energy requirement of the building. This work aims to assess the effectiveness of additional envelope insulation investments at the early design phase of buildings for all cities in Turkey. The study utilizes the current (2008) and draft 2013 versions of the TS 825 standard "Thermal insulation requirements in buildings". In the study, the effectiveness of insulating an uninsulated building according to TS 825 has been investigated for two different time periods: short term (savings on annual heating energy requirement, additional insulation cost and additional greenhouse gas emissions), and life cycle (life cycle cost and greenhouse gas emissions). In addition, the cost and emission payback times have also been analyzed. Analyzes have shown that insulations based on the standard provides improvements of up to 75% for annual heating energy, 70% for lifecycle cost, and 73% for lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. Payback periods are under 7 years for the cost and under 2 years for the greenhouse gas emissions

Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology of non-invasive, low-grade urothelial carcinoma with lung metastasis: A case report with review of the literature

Radiological analyses in a 61-year-old patient being followed since 2005 for low-grade, non-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) (Ta) revealed a 5-cm pleural-based mass in the lower lobe of the right lung for which a subsequent transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed. Upon observing the carcinoma cells consistent with UC metastasis, systemic chemotherapy was commenced. The patient underwent a metastatectomy based on the thoracic computerized tomography scan performed on the 4 th month of treatment, which revealed notable regression. The resected tumor was morphologically similar to cells seen in the transthoracic fine-needle aspiration and was immunohistochemically positive for p63, uroplakin, thrombomodulin, CK7 and CK20 at varying degrees but was negative for TTF-1. We report a case of metastatic UC of the lung in a patient who had had a low-grade superficial UC of the urinary bladder and we discuss the cytopathological features of this rare entity in light of the literature