Afryka w agendzie polityki zagranicznej Turcji: współpraca handlowa, gospodarcza i wojskowa

The paper which goes under the title of “Africa in Turkey’s Foreign Policy Agenda: Trade, Economy and Military Cooperation” demonstrates various valuable ideas, that is the reason that made us dwell on a similar topic. Africa, as the second largest continent in the world in the history became a close part of Ottoman Empire. Turkey and African countries have many issues in common in terms of social, cultural, political and economic aspects as the heritage of the past and cultural affi liation. Recently Turkey and Africa have introduced a variety range of relation perspectives, which promote the integration of people and trade between the two sides. Business that is worth millions of dollars has been conducted between African countries and Turkey. Some products have been imported and exported between the two sides. In last decade strong diplomatic ties between Turkey and Africa have been established where Turkey has opened many embassies in diff erent countries in Africa.W artykule wskazano na różne cenne idee, z tego też względu zajęto się podobnym tematem. Afryka, drugi pod względem wielkości kontynent na świecie, historycznie stała się ścisłą częścią Imperium Osmańskiego. Turcja i kraje afrykańskie mają wiele wspólnych kwestii z punktu widzenia aspektów społecznych, kulturowych, politycznych i gospodarczych jako dziedzictwo przeszłości i parantelę kulturową. Ostatnio Turcja i Afryka wprowadziły cały szereg perspektyw wzajemnych stosunków, które promują integrację ludzi i handlu między obu stronami. Kraje afrykańskie i Turcja prowadzą wymianę handlową, której wartość wynosi miliony dolarów. Obie strony importują i eksportują pewne towary. W ostatnim dziesięcioleciu zostały nawiązane silne stosunki dyplomatyczne między Turcją i Afryką, Turcja zaś otworzyła wiele ambasad w różnych krajach Afryki

Effects of Oregano Essential Oil on Reduction of Weaning Age and Increasing Economic Efficiency in Holstein Friesian Calves

This study examined the potential use of oregano essentail oil as a milk additive for purposes of reducing weaning age; increasing economic efficiency; promoting calf growth as well as for improving blood parameters and general health status of Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty-eight Holstein Friesian calves were allocated into three groups: (a) Control calves were fed with whole milk (n=10), (b) OreganoLow (n=9), and (c) OreganoHigh (n=9) calves were fed with whole milk, plus 100 and 150 mg/l oregano essential oil per kg milk respectively. The amount of the milk offered on daily basis was calculated as 10% of each calf live weight and was given in two meal times. All calves were kept in individual pens during experimental period. Calves got weaned following the consumption of daily 900 g of concentrate feed over three consecutive days. Results demonstrated that OreganoLow calves marked improved growth performance, earlier weaning age and lower farm costs (P < 0.05) compared to Control and OreganoHigh calves. To conclude, dietary oregano essential oil seems to be a potential liquid feed additive that improves feed efficiency, health status, growth performance, and that reduces diarrhea incidents, hastens weaning age and minimizes dairy farm costs when used at the level of 100 mg/l

Nitric oxide levels and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis

WOS: 000253939600003Objectives: We investigated nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity in synovial fluid of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods: The study included 36 patients (31 females, 5 males; mean age 63 years; range 48 to 88 years) with knee OA according to the diagnosis criteria of American College of Rheumatology. Radiographic severity of OA was assessed according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system. Synovial fluid samples were taken by needle aspiration before knee arthroplasty or hyaluronic acid injection and stored at -80 degrees C in Eppendorf tubes. Nitrite and nitrate levels were determined by the spectrophotometric method based on the Griess reaction. Total SOD activity was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The results were compared with those of 10 controls (6 females, 4 males; mean age 49 years; range 26 to 70 years) who clinically and radiographically had normal knees, but underwent arthroscopic examination for knee pain of unknown origin. Results: Compared to controls, NO levels were significantly higher and SOD activity was significantly lower in patients with OA (p 0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that NO acts as a potent mediator of cartilage damage and SOD as an antioxidant mediator in OA. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of these parameters

Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of nesfatin-1 on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury

WOS: 000557360100012PubMed: 32719191INTRODUCTION: Severe local and systemic tissue injury develop during reperfusion, which is a period during which arterial blood flow and tissue oxygenation are re-established. in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and protective effects of nesfatin in IR damage developing in liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar-Albino rats were divided to three groups which contained eight rats in all groups. the rats were subjected to 30 minutes of hepatic pedicule occlusion followed by 2h of reperfusion to induce I/R damage. Nesfatinl (10 mu g/kg) was administered, 30 min prior to ischemia and immediately before the reperfusion period. RESULTS: the findings showed that while the blood levels of AST, ALT and LDH were markedly elevated in the I/R group, they returned to normal levels upon treatment in the Nesfatin group. While IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels in blood and tissue were lower after therapy in the Nesfatin group compared to the I/R group, statistically significant decreases were only noted in IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN- gamma levels. TAS levels increased in the treatment group, while upon nesfatin treatment statistically significant decreases were noted in TOS and OSI levels. Histopathological investigations also showed statistically significant decreases in Bax and Caspase-3 staining intensity and the number of stained cells in the Nesfatin group. CONCLUSION: the nesfatin has antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect on improvement of liver functions and histopathological findings in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury