Interpreting the Legal Archive of Visual Transformations: Textual Articulations of Visibility in Evidentiary Procedures and Documentary Formats of Colonial Law

This article is concerned with tracing an onto-epistemological break through the archeology of colonial penal law, whereby a historical restructuring of the “visible” and the “articulable” produces modern ways of “seeing” and “knowing.” This epistemic break will be investigated through eighteenth and nineteenth century “Regulation” of Islamic sharīʿa penal law by British administrators of the East India Company in colonial Bengal. The juridico-discursive body, which came to be known as Anglo-Muhammadan law, will be analyzed through court records compiled by Company jurists and their Regulations modifying sharīʿa jurisprudence. Islamic penal law is based on hermeneutical practices of juridical reasoning formed through particular ways of seeing, knowing, and verifying the truth through eye-witness and testimony. In this article I will show that when the British commandeered this system of justice towards their own ends, the regulatory changes they instituted inadvertently brought about visual transformations of the ways in which legal life-worlds of the colony come to be recorded, articulated, and expressed. Under the British administration of colonial Bengal, this dual-process of appropriation and subversion of the law took shape through translation and transliteration of fiqh treatises, to legal amendments and sweeping legislations in substantive law. This process not only provided colonial power access to the bodies of colonial subjects, but also conditioned the relations between criminality, visuality, and juridical veridiction through penal legislation. As this article will show, the East India Company’s regulation of Islamic penal law began incorporating modern forms of evidentiary proofs, indexicality, and documentary formats that restructured the lifeworld of colonial law in 19th century Bengal

Study of Cryptography in Cloud Computing

If all of the top levels of security fail, the final and most critical tier, data security, must not fail. By breaching this layer of defence, the CIA's triad principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability are undermined. However, increasing security reduces the performance of the system and usability. This paper addresses the fundamentals of cloud computing as well as its key challenge: security. This paperexamines a variety of cryptographic methods used by major cloud providers. It proposes an alternative algorithm for encrypting data in transit from the user to the cloud in order to ensure data security and defend against Man-in-the- Middle (MitM) attacks like sniffing. The paper concludes by urging further study into the proposed cryptography algorithm in order to ensure data protection and privacy in all three data states

Hepatoblastoma in a patient with Goldenhar Syndrome

Goldenhar Syndrome (GS), also known as oculo-auricular vertebral syndrome, is a congenital defect that occurs in 1 of 5,000 births characterized by the underdevelopment of the ears, soft palate, lip, and mandible due to an anomaly of the first and second branchial arches. Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor in the pediatric population. However, it is still considered a rare malignancy because liver cancers only account for 1% of childhood cancers. Most children with hepatoblastoma are asymptomatic, however we describe a 2-year-old girl with Goldenhar Syndrome diagnosed with hepatoblastoma after experiencing abdominal pain and constipation. Findings from the case can further support the argument for an association between Goldenhar Syndrome and hepatoblastoma

The overcast sky

How did bad weather and a chance observation of what was most likely a failed experiment, lead to the Nobel-prize winning discovery of radioactivity? In this article, the author narrates the story of Henri Becquerel’s experiments with uranium salts, describing a series of scientific investigations that arose to understand an unexpected and unusual observation, originally made by this physicist

The role and challenges of school teachers in contemporary India

Today social transformation is fast as evident in many parts of the world. It has triggered changes in functional dynamics of many professions. Teaching is one such profession. Teachers are assuming greater responsibilities with changing time and carving their niche once again to face challenges of present time. In our country such changes have been primarily driven by economic growth and technological advances especially in post 1990s. With liberal economic policy Indian society has witnessed increased upward social mobility. It has impacted the young generation in different ways. Teachers not only perceive their role changing, but have developed mechanisms to cope with this situation. It is against this background that an effort has been made through this article to get a brief understanding of role and challenges of teachers in contemporary Indian society

Financial Performance Comparison of Islamic and conventional banks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

This paper examines the financial performance of Islamic and commercial banks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The paper gives an empirical insights and comparisons between the performance of Islamic and conventional banking sectors.  The sample of the study consists of 5 fully-fledged Islamic banks and 14 conventional banks working in the UAE under the period 2011-2014. The study uses descriptive analysis, correlation, independent sample t test and multiple regression analysis to assess the performance and to compare between both types of banks. The Return on Assets (ROA) is used as proxy for profitability for both types of banks while bank size (log A), liquidity, capital adequacy, financial risk and operating efficiency as proxies for financial performance for both types of banks. The results showed that there is no significant difference between Islamic banks and conventional banks in terms of profitability (ROA) while there is a significant difference between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of liquidity, operation efficiency, capital adequacy, and financial risk. Further, the results indicated that the Islamic banks have higher operating efficiency, bank size and more liquidity than their counterparts of UAE. However, conventional banks are found to have better capital adequacy ratio than Islamic banks. In terms of financial risk, Islamic banks are found to have higher five times than conventional banks which may reflect challenges in the area of risk management in Islamic banks. Keywords: Financial performance, Islamic banks, Conventional banks, ROA, UAE. JEL Classification: A10, E60, G2

Dichromacy: Color Vision Impairment and Consanguinity in Heterogenous Population of Pakistan

Background and Objectives: Dichromacy, an X-linked recessive disorder is identified worldwide, more in males than females. In European Caucasians, its incidence is 8% in males and 0.5% in females. In India, it is 8.73% in males and 1.69% in females, and in Iran, it is 8.18% in males and 0.43% in females. Population based epidemiological data about dichromacy in different ethnic groups in Pakistan is not available. The aim of this study was to find out the population prevalence of inherited red-green dichromacy in a heterogenous population of the district of Chiniot, Punjab, Pakistan, and to determine the impact of consanguinity and ethnicity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, boys and girls of the higher secondary schools were examined in the three tehsils of district Chiniot. Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara Test has been employed for detection of dichromacy in the study population. The sample size was calculated statistically as 260, which was expanded to 705 and divided by population density of the three tehsils. Results: Screening of 359 males and 346 females revealed 19 (5.29%) dichromat males and only 2 (0.58%) females. The study population belonged to 23 castes / isonym groups. The consanguinity found in the district of Chiniot is 84.82% and in the dichromat families, it is 85.71%, of which 52.37% are first cousin. Interpretation & Conclusion: The study has shown that the incidence of dichromacy could be reduced through genetic counselin

Impact of Financial Risk on Financial Performance of Banks in Pakistan; the Mediating Role of Capital Adequacy Ratio

Financial risks, cover credit, liquidity and operational risks, are the risks which banks face during their operations and all these risks have severe impact on the profitability of banks. The Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) introduces Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) to overcome uncertainties and possible losses (Risk) to the banks. In this context, the aim in this study is to identify impact of financial risk on financial performance of banks in Pakistan with mediating role of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The findings show that credit and liquidity risks have negative relationship with financial performance, whereas operational risk has a positive relationship with financial performance and capital adequacy ratio of banks in Pakistan. This study is useful in devising the rules and regulations by the regulators (Basel Committee and State Bank of Pakistan) for risk measurement and management by the banking sector.&nbsp