Performance of a local electron density trigger to select extensive air showers at sea level

Time coincident voltage pulses in the two closely space (1.6m) plastic scintillators were recorded. Most of the recorded events are expeted to be due to electrons in cosmic ray showers whose core fall at some distance from the detectors. This result is confirmed from a measurement of the frequency distribution of the recorded density ratios of the two scintillators

Raman Spectroscopic and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on DMSO

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a widely used chemical in synthetic chemistry and also has unique and important biological applications. In the pure liquid, DMSO forms chain like structures of alternating sulfur and oxygen atoms due to its high self-association. However, it is known that DMSO/water mixtures form solutions with unique physical characteristics depending on the mole ratio. For instance, at a 1:2 ratio of DMSO/water a eutectic mixture forms with a freezing point of-70 C. Vibrational spectroscopy allows us to study the effects of noncovalent interactions when water and DMSO interact in solution. Spectral shifts can be analyzed in order to give a clearer picture of the structure of DMSO in DMSO/water mixtures and also in solutions with other hydrogen bond donors that cannot form as extensive hydrogen bonded networks. The anomalous properties of DMSO/water mixtures have been the subject of a large number of studies. It has been previously established that the reason for the unique properties of such solutions lies in the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between water and DMSO. Despite the many studies there is still no clear picture of the structure of DMSO in the water mixture. When a DMSO/water mixture is formed there is great increase in temperature of the solution. This suggests a significant perturbation of water’s hydrogen bond network due to interactions with DMSO. Here, the hydrogen bonding geometries of DMSO/water mixtures are studied using Raman spectroscopy and computational chemistry

CULTURAL MATCHING AND IDENTITY SAFETY IN K-12 SCHOOLS: AN INDIGENOUS RESEARCH PARADIGM

Native American and Alaska Native (NA/AN) persons are resilient and have learned to overcome the intergenerational effects of colonization and find new ways to be Native American and Alaska Native in this contemporary life. Learning and well-being are integral values for Native American and Alaska Native people, but finding an appropriate way to approach education and learning can be difficult for Native American and Alaska Native people, especially when historically, the colonial-based systems have been created for them to fail. Because cultural matching and identity safety (CM/IS) for Native American and Alaska Native people in other environments (e.g., psychotherapy, child-welfare system, mentoring roles) have been found to support well-being and identity, they are likely to be quite helpful in in educational settings, too. Using an Indigenous Research paradigm, the purpose of this study was to identify culturally matched and identity safe practices that allow for Native American and Alaska Native youth to feel comfortable within school settings. Seven Native American participants were asked to share their stories about their K-12 experiences of CM/IS. Some of the components of the findings were grounded within reciprocity, community, coding, internalization, and an application on the participants current life. Overall, the findings include three major elements to CM/IS environments in academic settings which are the lack of CM/IS, presence of CM/IS, and future of CM/IS. Each of these elements have subthemes that had an incredible depth of experiences based off the participants stories

Three-body interactions in complex fluids: virial coefficients from simulation finite-size effects

A simulation technique is described for quantifying the contribution of three-body interactions to the thermodynamical properties of coarse-grained representations of complex fluids. The method is based on comparing the third virial coefficient $B_3$ for a complex fluid with that of an approximate coarse-grained model described by a pair potential. To obtain $B_3$ we introduce a new technique which expresses its value in terms of the measured volume-dependent asymptote of a certain structural function. The strategy is applicable to both Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation. Its utility is illustrated via measurements of three-body effects in models of star polymer and highly size-asymmetrical colloid-polymer mixtures.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

The Varsity Girl : March and Two-Step

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2796/thumbnail.jp

Interplay between function and structure in complex networks

We show that abrupt structural transitions can arise in functionally optimal networks, driven by small changes in the level of transport congestion. Our results offer an explanation as to why so many diverse species of network structure arise in Nature (e.g. fungal systems) under essentially the same environmental conditions. Our findings are based on an exactly solvable model system which mimics a variety of biological and social networks. We then extend our analysis by introducing a novel renormalization scheme involving cost motifs, to describe analytically the average shortest path across multiple-ring-and-hub networks. As a consequence, we uncover a 'skin effect' whereby the structure of the inner multi-ring core can cease to play any role in terms of determining the average shortest path across the network.Comment: Expanded version of physics/0508228 with additional new result

Understanding binary neutron star collisions with hypermodels

Gravitational waves from the collision of binary neutron stars provide a unique opportunity to study the behaviour of supranuclear matter, the fundamental properties of gravity, and the cosmic history of our Universe. However, given the complexity of Einstein's Field Equations, theoretical models that enable source-property inference suffer from systematic uncertainties due to simplifying assumptions. We develop a hypermodel approach to compare and measure the uncertainty gravitational-wave approximants. Using state-of-the-art models, we apply this new technique to the binary neutron star observations GW170817 and GW190425 and the sub-threshold candidate GW200311_103121. Our analysis reveals subtle systematic differences between waveform models, and a frequency-dependence study suggests that this is due to the treatment of the tidal sector. This new technique provides a proving ground for model development, and a means to identify waveform-systematics in future observing runs where detector improvements will increase the number and clarity of binary neutron star collisions we observe