In Vitro Growth Media Effect for Regeneration of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Evaluation of the Salt Tolerance Activity of Callus

The identification of the best culture medium and the most suitable tomato variety was performed by In vitro regeneration. In the present study, attempts have been made to develop an efficient protocol for regeneration of V1 (ROMA VF), V2 (Baromasi Hybrid Tomato: JHOLOK) and V3 (Tomato Hybrid F1 JAGUR) varieties with their tolerance against abiotic stress (salt) to obtain stress tolerant tomato. The cotyledon induced in MS medium which was supplemented with T1 (MS+1mg/l BA+0.5mg/l NAA), T2 (MS + 1.5mg/l BA + 1mg/l NAA) and T3 (2mg/l BA + 1.5mg/l NAA) from seeds of those varieties. Maximum percentage (75%) of cotyledon induction was observed in T1 for V1, V2 and T3 for V3 respectively. Cotyledon derived from different concentrations of BA and NAA were cultured on MS medium supplemented with T3 (1.5 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BA) and TL (2.0 mg/l Kinetin) for plantlet regeneration. It was observed that MS media supplemented with T3 + TL produced lowest percentage of shoot (20%), callus (10%) and root (0%) in case of V2 and highest percentage of shoot (80%), callus(60%) and root (20%) in case of V3. Callus were transferred to the regeneration medium supplemented with NaCl (0 to 75mM) in order to examine their responses to salinity, the above three varieties, showed a significant decline in the callus growth. Present studies have shown that Hybrid F1 JAGUR variety is more responsive in regeneration and salt tolerant than others

Studies of Scattering, Reflectivity, and Transmitivity in WBAN Channel: Feasibility of Using UWB

The Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is one of the fledging paradigms that the next generation of wireless systems is sprouting towards. Among them, a more specific category is the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) used for health monitoring. On the other hand, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) comes with a number of desirable features at the physical layer for wireless communications. One big challenge in adoption of UWB in WBAN is the fact that signals get attenuated exponentially. Due to the intrinsic structural complexity in human body, electromagnetic waves show a profound variation during propagation through it. The reflection and transmission coefficients of human body are highly dependent upon the dielectric constants as well as upon the frequency. The difference in structural materials such as fat, muscles and blood essentially makes electromagnetic wave attenuation to be different along the way. Thus, a complete characterization of body channel is a challenging task. The connection between attenuation and frequency of the signal makes the investigation of UWB in WBAN an interesting proposition. In this paper, we study analytically the impact of body channels on electromagnetic signal propagation with reference to UWB. In the process, scattering, reflectivity and transmitivity have been addressed with analysis of approximate layer-wise modeling, and with numerical depictions. Pulses with Gaussian profile have been employed in our analysis. It shows that, under reasonable practical approximations, the human body channel can be modeled in layers so as to have the effects of total reflections or total transmissions in certain frequency bands. This could help decide such design issues as antenna characteristics of implant devices for WBAN employing UWB

High Prevalence of Spirochetosis in Cholera Patients, Bangladesh

The microbes that accompany the etiologic agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, are only now being defined. In this study, spirochetes from the genus Brachyspira were identified at high titers in more than one third of cholera patients in Bangladesh. Spirochetosis should now be tracked in the setting of cholera outbreaks

Transmission of Vibrio cholerae Is Antagonized by Lytic Phage and Entry into the Aquatic Environment

Cholera outbreaks are proposed to propagate in explosive cycles powered by hyperinfectious Vibrio cholerae and quenched by lytic vibriophage. However, studies to elucidate how these factors affect transmission are lacking because the field experiments are almost intractable. One reason for this is that V. cholerae loses the ability to culture upon transfer to pond water. This phenotype is called the active but non-culturable state (ABNC; an alternative term is viable but non-culturable) because these cells maintain the capacity for metabolic activity. ABNC bacteria may serve as the environmental reservoir for outbreaks but rigorous animal studies to test this hypothesis have not been conducted. In this project, we wanted to determine the relevance of ABNC cells to transmission as well as the impact lytic phage have on V. cholerae as the bacteria enter the ABNC state. Rice-water stool that naturally harbored lytic phage or in vitro derived V. cholerae were incubated in a pond microcosm, and the culturability, infectious dose, and transcriptome were assayed over 24 h. The data show that the major contributors to infection are culturable V. cholerae and not ABNC cells. Phage did not affect colonization immediately after shedding from the patients because the phage titer was too low. However, V. cholerae failed to colonize the small intestine after 24 h of incubation in pond water—the point when the phage and ABNC cell titers were highest. The transcriptional analysis traced the transformation into the non-infectious ABNC state and supports models for the adaptation to nutrient poor aquatic environments. Phage had an undetectable impact on this adaptation. Taken together, the rise of ABNC cells and lytic phage blocked transmission. Thus, there is a fitness advantage if V. cholerae can make a rapid transfer to the next host before these negative selective pressures compound in the aquatic environment

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京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第11061号医博第2774号新制||医||875(附属図書館)22593UT51-2004-J733京都大学大学院医学研究科病理系専攻(主査)教授 光山 正雄, 教授 一山 智, 教授 西渕 光昭学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Studies of Scattering, Reflectivity, and Transmitivity in WBAN Channel: Feasibility of Using UWB

The Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is one of the fledging paradigms that the next generation of wireless systems is sprouting towards. Among them, a more specific category is the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) used for health monitoring. On the other hand, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) comes with a number of desirable features at the physical layer for wireless communications. One big challenge in adoption of UWB in WBAN is the fact that signals get attenuated exponentially. Due to the intrinsic structural complexity in human body, electromagnetic waves show a profound variation during propagation through it. The reflection and transmission coefficients of human body are highly dependent upon the dielectric constants as well as upon the frequency. The difference in structural materials such as fat, muscles and blood essentially makes electromagnetic wave attenuation to be different along the way. Thus, a complete characterization of body channel is a challenging task. The connection between attenuation and frequency of the signal makes the investigation of UWB in WBAN an interesting proposition. In this paper, we study analytically the impact of body channels on electromagnetic signal propagation with reference to UWB. In the process, scattering, reflectivity and transmitivity have been addressed with analysis of approximate layer-wise modeling, and with numerical depictions. Pulses with Gaussian profile have been employed in our analysis. It shows that, under reasonable practical approximations, the human body channel can be modeled in layers so as to have the effects of total reflections or total transmissions in certain frequency bands. This could help decide such design issues as antenna characteristics of implant devices for WBAN employing UWB

Performance Evaluation of Different Backoff Algorithms in IEEE 802.15.4 Using Double Sensing

The IEEE 802.15.4 is the standard for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area network (LR-WPAN). It is widely used in many application areas. The standard uses Slotted CSMA/CA mechanism in its contention access period (CAP) for the beacon enabled mode. The protocol has two modes - single sensing (SS) and double sensing (DS). The protocol also adopts a binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm. In this paper, we explore the saturation throughput, delay and energy consumption of this standard with double sensing (DS) using the existing BEB algorithm. We also investigate three other backoff schemes - exponential increase exponential decrease (EIED), exponential increase linear decrease (EILD) and exponential increase multiplicative decrease (EIMD). From simulation results, it is found that the EIED, EILD, EIMD perform better than the BEB for higher loads. It shows that the EIED, EILD, EIMD have better throughput and lower delay than the BEB. The EIED outperforms the other schemes in terms of throughput, delay and energy for the higher loads

Review Article OVERVIEW OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUND POISONING IN BANGLADESH AND MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS RELATED TO FATAL CASES

Bangladesh is a developing country of South Asia. Rural population of this country is mostly dependant on agricultural cultivations. With the advance of times, pesticides are, now a days routinely used for moder