314 research outputs found
Ultrasonic enhancement of the acidity, surface area and free fatty acids esterification catalytic activity of sulphated ZrO2-TiO2 systems
S-Box Implementation of AES is NOT side-channel resistant
Several successful cache-based attacks have provided strong impetus for developing side channel resistant software implementations of AES. One of the best-known countermeasures - use of a minimalist 256-byte look-up table - has been employed in the latest (assembly language) versions. Software and hardware prefetching and out-of-order execution in modern processors have served to further shrink the attack surface. Despite these odds, we devise and implement two strategies to retrieve the complete AES key. The first uses adaptively chosen plaintext and random plaintext in a 2-round attack. The second strategy employs only about 50 blocks of random plaintext in a novel single round attack. The attack can be extended to spying on table accesses during decryption in a ciphertext-only attack. We also present an analytical model to explain the effect of false positives and false negatives and capture various practical tradeoffs involving number of blocks of plaintext, offline computation time for key retrieval and success probability
An dataset on infectious potential of transmitted/founder (TF) and non-TF (NT) HIV-1 viruses generated from Interferon alpha-treated primary CD4 T cells.
This data article describes the infectivity of transmitted/founder (TF) and non-TF (NT) HIV-1 viruses derived from primary CD4 T cells treated with or without IFN-α, over a period of 12 days. TF and NT viruses described in this article were derived from the same individual (one of each from 8 infants who acquired HIV infection through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). IFN-α resistance to both TF and NT viruses was studied by infecting TZM-bl cells and measuring luciferase expression (expressed as relative light units, RLU). Measurement of luciferase expression is extremely sensitive and allows quantification of even small changes in gene expression at the transcriptional level
Design and Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring
In the present scenario, reducing the weight is the major desire in automobile world. As the conventional steel leaf spring contributes some amount of weight with respect to the total weight of vehicle. So lots of researches are being developed for reduction of weight. This paper deals the reduction of weight in the conventional steel leaf spring with the composite leaf spring. For this purpose various composite materials such as E-glass, epoxy and jute are used in different proportion. This papers also compares the stress, deformation of conventional leaf steel spring with composite leaf spring while loading and unloading, thereby ensuring that the stiffness and efficiency is improved .The three dimensional model are analyzed in CATIA V5R20 and Ansys
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw and treated sewage sludges
Treated sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is commonly used in agriculture as fertilizers and to amend soils. The most significant health hazard for sewage sludge relates to the wide range of pathogenic microorganisms such as protozoa parasites.The objective of this study was to collect quantitative data on Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the treated sludge in wastewater treatment facilities in Spain. Sludge from five WWTPs with different stabilization processes has been analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the raw sludge and after the sludge treatment. A composting plant (CP) has also been assessed. After a sedimentation step, sludge samples were processed and (oo)cysts were isolated by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Results obtained in this study showed that Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts were present in 26 of the 30 samples (86.6%) of raw sludge samples. In treated sludge samples, (oo)cysts have been observed in all WWTP's analysed (25 samples) with different stabilization treatment (83.3%). Only in samples from the CP no (oo)cysts were detected. This study provides evidence that (oo)cysts are present in sewage sludge-end products from wastewater treatment processes with the negative consequences for public health.We appreciate the financial support provided by Entidad Publica Saneamiento Aguas (EPSAR).Amoros Muñoz, I.; Moreno Trigos, MY.; Reyes-Sosa, MB.; Moreno-Mesonero, L.; Alonso Molina, JL. (2016). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw and treated sewage sludges. Environmental Technology. 37(22):2898-2904. doi:10.1080/09593330.2016.1168486S28982904372
Comparison of phenolic composition in date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) flesh and seeds extracted by an ultrasonic-assisted and conventional method
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important fruit of the Middle East and North Africa with a high content of phenolic compounds. This study applied ultrasonic-assisted and conventional methods to extract phenolic compounds from date flesh and seed. The efficacy of the extraction methods is compared in terms of quantity, content, and antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was found in ultrasonic-assisted date seed samples extracted by ethanol (18.53 mg GAE/g). In contrast, the TPC content of conventionally extracted seed samples ranged from 1.30 to 14.46 mg GAE/g. The TPC and antioxidant capacity values of phenolic compounds extracted from date flesh samples were lower than those extracted from seed samples. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) was used to characterize phenolic compounds. A total of 47 different phenolic compounds were identified, including 21 phenolic acids, 21 flavonoids, and 5 other polyphenols. High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was used to quantify the phenolic compounds in different date samples. The highest content was found in ultrasonic-assisted date seed samples extracted in methanol solvent. The extract also contained epicatechin (36.12 μg/g), coumaric acid (27.05 μg/g), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (21.03 μg/g), syringic acid (19.85 μg/g), and epicatechin gallate (11.67 μg/g). The results showed that ultrasonic-assisted extraction could significantly increase the quantities of functional components of the extracts obtained from fresh date fruit samples
Synoptic tool for reporting of hematological and lymphoid neoplasms based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Synoptic reporting, either as part of the pathology report or replacing some free text component incorporates standardized data elements in the form of checklists for pathology reporting. This ensures the pathologists make note of these findings in their reports, thereby improving the quality and uniformity of information in the pathology reports.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The purpose of this project is to develop the entire set of elements in the synoptic templates or "worksheets" for hematologic and lymphoid neoplasms using the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Cancer Checklists. The CAP checklists' content was supplemented with the most updated classification scheme (WHO classification), specimen details, staging as well as information on various ancillary techniques such as cytochemical studies, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics including Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization (FISH) studies and genotyping. We have used a digital synoptic reporting system as part of an existing laboratory information system (LIS), CoPathPlus, from Cerner DHT, Inc. The synoptic elements are presented as discrete data points, so that a data element such as tumor type is assigned from the synoptic value dictionary under the value of tumor type, allowing the user to search for just those cases that have that value point populated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>These synoptic worksheets are implemented for use in our LIS. The data is stored as discrete data elements appear as an accession summary within the final pathology report. In addition, the synoptic data can be exported to research databases for linking pathological details on banked tissues.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Synoptic reporting provides a structured method for entering the diagnostic as well as prognostic information for a particular pathology specimen or sample, thereby reducing transcription services and reducing specimen turnaround time. Furthermore, it provides accurate and consistent diagnostic information dictated by pathologists as a basis for appropriate therapeutic modalities. Using synoptic reports, consistent data elements with minimized typographical and transcription errors can be generated and placed in the LIS relational database, enabling quicker access to desired information and improved communication for appropriate cancer management. The templates will also eventually serve as a conduit for capturing and storing data in the virtual biorepository for translational research. Such uniformity of data lends itself to subsequent ease of data viewing and extraction, as demonstrated by rapid production of standardized, high-quality data from the hemopoietic and lymphoid neoplasm specimens.</p
The development of common data elements for a multi-institute prostate cancer tissue bank: The Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) experience
BACKGROUND: The Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) is a consortium of four geographically dispersed institutions that are funded by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) to provide clinically annotated prostate cancer tissue samples to researchers. To facilitate this effort, it was critical to arrive at agreed upon common data elements (CDEs) that could be used to collect demographic, pathologic, treatment and clinical outcome data. METHODS: The CPCTR investigators convened a CDE curation subcommittee to develop and implement CDEs for the annotation of collected prostate tissues. The draft CDEs were refined and progressively annotated to make them ISO 11179 compliant. The CDEs were implemented in the CPCTR database and tested using software query tools developed by the investigators. RESULTS: By collaborative consensus the CPCTR CDE subcommittee developed 145 data elements to annotate the tissue samples collected. These included for each case: 1) demographic data, 2) clinical history, 3) pathology specimen level elements to describe the staging, grading and other characteristics of individual surgical pathology cases, 4) tissue block level annotation critical to managing a virtual inventory of cases and facilitating case selection, and 5) clinical outcome data including treatment, recurrence and vital status. These elements have been used successfully to respond to over 60 requests by end-users for tissue, including paraffin blocks from cases with 5 to 10 years of follow up, tissue microarrays (TMAs), as well as frozen tissue collected prospectively for genomic profiling and genetic studies. The CPCTR CDEs have been fully implemented in two major tissue banks and have been shared with dozens of other tissue banking efforts. CONCLUSION: The freely available CDEs developed by the CPCTR are robust, based on "best practices" for tissue resources, and are ISO 11179 compliant. The process for CDE development described in this manuscript provides a framework model for other organ sites and has been used as a model for breast and melanoma tissue banking efforts
MemBright: A Family of Fluorescent Membrane Probes for Advanced Cellular Imaging and Neuroscience
Free Radical Generation from High-Frequency Electromechanical Dissociation of Pure Water
We reveal a unique mechanism by which pure water can be dissociated to form free radicals without requiring catalysts, electrolytes, or electrode contact by means of high-frequency nanometer-amplitude electromechanical surface vibrations in the form of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated on a piezoelectric substrate. The physical undulations associated with these mechanical waves, in concert with the evanescent electric field arising from the piezoelectric coupling, constitute half-wavelength "nanoelectrochemical cells" in which liquid is trapped within the SAW potential minima with vertical dimensions defined by the wave amplitude (∼10 nm), thereby forming highly confined polarized regions with intense electric field strengths that enable the breakdown of water. The ions and free radicals that are generated rapidly electromigrate under the high field intensity in addition to being convectively transported away from the cells by the bulk liquid recirculation generated by the acoustic excitation, thereby overcoming mass transport limitations that lead to ion recombination.A.R.R., N.C., and L.Y.Y. acknowledge funding support from
the Australian Research Council through Discovery Project
(DP180102110); Future Fellowship (FT140100834); and
Linkage, Infrastructure, Equipment & Facilities
(LE170100023) grant
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