Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationTransition metal-catalyzed synthesis of carbocycles and heterocycles is described. A Ni/NHC catalyst couples diynes to the C(a)-C(B) double bond of tropone, a type of reactions that is unprecedented for metal-catalyzed cycloadditions with aromatic tropone. Many different diynes were efficiently coupled to afford [5-6-7] fused tricyclic products, while [5-7-6] fused tricyclic compounds were obtained as minor byproducts in a few cases. The reaction has broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and excellent regioselectivity is found with unsymmetrical diynes. The mechanism of this interesting cycloaddition has been investigated using DFT calculations and it reveals an interesting 8p-insertion of tropone to afford [5-6-7] and [5-7-6] fused tricyclic products. A unique and catalytic way to synthesize challenging eight-membered heterocycles is disclosed. The Ni/P(p-tol)3 catalyst promoted the cycloaddition of a variety of 1,3-dienes with 3-azetidinones and 3-oxetanones to afford both monocyclic and bicyclic azocine and oxocine ring systems, respectively. Interestingly, the cycloaddition with 1,3-diene conjugated with a p-methoxylphenyl group led to a 3-piperidinone product instead of the azocine ring. The synthesis of the these interesting eight-membered heterocycles involved the challenging steps of C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond activation and C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive elimination. An efficient and convenient procedure that generates the active Ni(0) catalyst in situ from cheap, air stable Ni(II) precursors is developed for the [4+2]-cycloaddition of alkynes and 3-azetidinones. The reaction affords useful 3-dehydropiperidinones in comparable yields to the reported Ni(0) procedure. Additionally, the cycloaddition with 3-oxetanone afforded the 3-dehydropyranone product. The application of this methodology to the total synthesis of (+)-septicine is also described. A protocol for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of heteroaryl boronic acids and vinyl chlorides that minimizes protodeboronation is disclosed. A combination of catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)2 and SPhos in conjunction with CsF in isopropanol effectively affords a variety of coupled products. Surprisingly, a dramatic temperature dependence in product selectivity was observed

An unusual presentation of atrial myxoma in an elderly patient: a case report

Left atrial myxoma is the most common intracardiac tumour. It could be seen in patients between 3–83 years of age, with the majority presenting in fifth decade of life as sporadic cases (90%) and second decade as familial cases (10%) [1]. It is an important source of central nervous system embolism [2]. Elderly patients often present with non specific symptoms that are often overlooked in the absence of a supporting cardiac history which makes an early diagnosis challenging. This case report discusses an unusual presentation of left atrial myxoma in an elderly patient

MALNUTRITION-CHALLENGE IN 21ST CENTURY AND PROBABLE CONTRIBUTION OF AYURVEDA THROUGH MORINGA LEAVES

Nutritive diet has grabbed the center stage in current times among common men as well as researchers &food has turned into a whole damn industry. Despite of everything, Malnutrition is the largest single contributor to diseases in the world & leads to 45% of all deaths in children under 5 in developing countries. Due to interrelated mother- child nutrition, if a breastfeeding mother gets required nutrition, her kid becomes healthy. The causes of improper nutrition are variable but lack of nutritious food combinations in all classes are most important throughout the world. Ayurveda is science of individualistic need based dietetics & nutrition and describes foods accordingly. There is recommendation of a super food named Shigru (Moringa) for Sutika (lactating mothers) in Bheshajyaratnawali,taking this as reference we have conceptualized a food combination of Moringa +wheat flour+ jaggery which is super nutritious and serves as a cheap, affordable, easy to collect and easy to make, palatable preparation. When 11% of the world’s population is under nourished, need for such right food combination increases manifolds. Owing to per 100g nutritive value of these contents and their cost effectiveness, this combination has a potential to be a perfect staple dietary option for nutrition deficit individuals. It needs to be further established at large scale through RCTs so that large population can be benefitted

Optimization of parameters for application of sericin on cotton knits

In this study, a process has been developed for durable coating of sericin on cotton knits. Treated samples are tested for wicking, stiffness, moisture vapour transmission rate and air permeability. Results show that cotton knits become more hydrophilic on application of sericin. Air and water vapour transmission improve, thus making the cotton sample suitable for applications in skin moisturizing and skin healing. These results indicate that sericin can be used to develop a durable finish on cotton for use in medical and sports garments

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Nanomagnetites Green Synthesis Assisted by Sunflower Oil

ABSTRACT Nanomagnetites were used as a most efficient agent for removal of heavy metals such as As and Cr for cleaning polluted water as heavy-metal contamination in groundwater is one of the severe global problems. In India, arsenic poisoning is very common but the major hurdle in synthesizing nanomagnetite in the lab is, high cost by decomposition method using FeOOH and oleic acid in 1-ODE. Here we are trying to synthesize cost effective nanomagnetites by using common materials present in our daily life such as sunflower oil, common vinegar and drain opener, which are freely available in the market. By this cost effective greener method, It is possible to synthesize high-quality nanocrystals. Our research confirms that by using this greener synthetic route we can reduce the cost of starting materials

A serine protease KLK8 emerges as a regulator of regulators in memory: Microtubule protein dependent neuronal morphology and PKA-CREB signaling

The multitude of molecular pathways underlying memory impairment in neurological disorders and aging-related disorders has been a major hurdle against therapeutic targeting. Over the years, neuronal growth promoting factors, intracellular kinases, and specific transcription factors, particularly cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), have emerged as crucial players of memory storage, and their disruption accompanies many cognitive disabilities. However, a molecular link that can influence these major players and can be a potential recovery target has been elusive. Recent reports suggest that extracellular cues at the synapses might evoke an intracellular signaling cascade and regulate memory function. Herein, we report novel function of an extracellular serine protease, kallikrein 8 (KLK8/Neuropsin) in regulating the expression of microtubule associated dendrite growth marker microtubule-associated protein (MAP2)c, dendrite architecture and protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling. Both knockdown of KLK8 via siRNA transfection in mouse primary hippocampal neurons and via intra-hippocampal administration of KLK8 antisense oligonucleotides in vivo reduced expression of MAP2c, dendrite length, dendrite branching and spine density. The KLK8 mediated MAP2c deficiency in turn inactivated PKA and downstream transcription factor phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), leading to downregulation of memory-linked genes and consequent impaired memory consolidation. These findings revealed a protease associated novel pathway of memory impairment in which KLK8 may act as a "regulator of regulators", suggesting its exploration as an important therapeutic target of memory disorders

Effect of interventions in improving awareness, knowledge and practices of ppfp among women and health-care providers in bihar:a pre-and post-intervention study

Background: Post-partum family planning (PPFP) within first 12 months of childbirth is known to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study evaluates the effect a package of PPFP interventions in improving level of awareness, knowledge and practices of post-partum women. Methods: A before and after intervention cross sectional study was conducted in 18 public health facilities and their catchment areas across 5 districts of Bihar. Participants included randomly selected postpartum women and purposively selected health service providers. A standard questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and practices related to post-partum family planning before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 972 postpartum women, 27 doctors, 46 nurses, 89 Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANM) and 89 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) as well as 981 postpartum women, 18 doctors, 53 nurses, 90 ANMs and 90 ASHAs were interviewed during baseline and end line respectively. This intervention package increased knowledge regarding postpartum return to fertility, modern FP methods and criteria of lactational amenorrhoea method. Also, the proportion of post-partum women who reported receiving FP counselling were increased. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that effective implementation of a package of PPFP interventions at a scale can lead to improvement in the knowledge and awareness levels of both health workers and post-partum women

NEW ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF ARTEETHER BY UV AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION

The present research work discusses the development and validation of two different spectrophotometric methods for estimation of α-β arteether using UV spectrophotometer and spectrofluorimeter for the first time. Two simple, accurate, precise, sensitiveand economical methods has been developed and validated for the estimation of α-β arteether in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form as per ICH guidelines Q2(R1). The solvent used for UV spectroscopy was methanol and HCl (8:2) and methanol was used for fluorimeter. For qualitative and quantitative analysis, 254 nm was used in UV spectroscopy and excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 354 nm and 697 nm respectively for fluorimetry. Coefficients of correlation were found to be 0.993 and 0.992 for UV spectroscopy and fluorimetry. Both methods show good accuracy and precision and were compared statistically by using two way ANOVA which shows no significant difference between these methods. So the proposed methods were found to have equal applicability for estimation and routine analysis of arteether in pharmaceutical formulations. Keywords: Arteether, Analytical method, Fluorimeter, Pharmaceutical formulation, UV spectrophotometer

A clinico-radiological and pathological profile of lung cancer patients presented to All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Patna)

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The clinicopathologicalprofile of lung cancer has shown marked regional and geographical variation. Majority of the patients have locallyadvanced or disseminated disease at presentation and are not candidates for surgery. Objective: The aim of this study was toevaluate the clinico-radiological and pathological profile of lung cancer patients and difference in histopathology betweensmoker and non-smoker. We also assessed yield of the various diagnostic procedures used for confirmation of lung cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients diagnosed between May 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. The completedemographic profile, smoking status, clinical, radiological, and diagnostic details were recorded in the study. Data were enteredand analyzed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 30 patients (19 male and 11 female) included in our study with mean age of55.26 years. Cough (80%) and dyspnea (80%) were the most common symptom and mass (86%), pleural effusion (53.3%) was themost common radiological presentation of patients. Clubbing and hemoptysis both was found only in 8 out of 30 (26%) patients.Adenocarcinoma (46.6%) was the most common histopathological type followed by squamous cell carcinoma (16.6%) and smallcell carcinoma (13.3%). The majority of patients (60%) presented in Stage 4. Computed tomography guided biopsy had better yieldin compare to ultrasonography guided (80% vs. 70.8%). Bronchoscopic procedure had lowest yield (38.8%). Conclusion: Theclinicopathological profile of lung cancer has changed in last few years, especially in the increase in adenocarcinoma incidence,and now it is the most common cause in both smokers and non-smoker