Accelerometry analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults: a systematic review and data analysis

Accelerometers objectively monitor physical activity and sedentary patterns and are increasingly used in the research setting. It is important to maintain consistency in data analysis and reporting, therefore, we: (1) systematically identified studies using accelerometry (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in older adults, and (2) based on the review findings, we used different cut-points obtained to analyze accelerometry data from a sample of community-dwelling older women. We identified 59 articles with cut-points ranging between 574 and 3,250 counts/min for MVPA and 50 and 500 counts/min for sedentary time. Using these cut-points and data from women (mean age, 70 years), the median MVPA minutes per day ranged between 4 and 80 min while percentage of sedentary time per day ranged between 62 % and 86 %. These data highlight (1) the importance of reporting detailed information on the analysis assumptions and (2) that results can differ greatly depending on analysis parameters.E. Gorman, H. M. Hanson, P. H. Yang, K. M. Khan, T. Liu-Ambrose, M. C. Ash

An experimental and theoretical study of unsteady gas exchange characteristics for a two-stroke cycle engine

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX83852 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Can a new ward environment and intensive allied health staffing model enhance therapeutic opportunities in trauma care? A behavioural mapping study of patients' activities and interactions

First published online June 17, 2022Objective: The aim of this study was to assess changes in patient activities and interactions observed in response to a new trauma ward at a level 1 trauma centre, and subsequently, a new allied health staffing model. Design: Explorative case study using behavioural mapping. Setting: Level 1 trauma centre in Melbourne, Australia. Participants: Hospitalised trauma patients. Main measures: Behavioural mapping of patients’ activities and interactions was conducted by two observers over three 4-day observation phases: (i) at baseline, (ii) on the new ward and (iii) with the new staffing model. Changes in activities and interactions were assessed via negative binomial regression models and reported as incident rate ratios. Results: In total, 1264 patient observations were recorded over an 18-month period. After moving to the new ward, patients were observed performing activities of daily living at a 2.1-fold higher rate than at baseline (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 3.81) but walking/standing/climbing stairs 54% less (95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.94). Subsequent to the new staffing model, patients were observed in the gym at a 4.1-fold higher rate (95% confidence interval: 1.60, 10.32) and interacting with allied health professionals at a 9.1-fold higher rate (95% confidence interval: 4.88, 16.98), than at baseline. After COVID-19 restrictions were introduced, patients were observed lying down 22% more (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.43), with 73% fewer visitor interactions (95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.43). Conclusions: Greater engagement in physical and social activities was observed following the implementation of the new allied health staffing model at a level 1 trauma centre. Whether these changes translate to improved trauma outcomes is important to investigate.Christina L Ekegren, Anne M Mather, Sandra Reeder, Lara Kimmel, Maureen C Ashe, Belinda J Gabb

Body position affects performance in untrained cyclists

Mesure de la réponse cardiorespiratoire de sportifs de loisir en position droite et en position aéro

Body position affects performance in untrained cyclists

Mesure de la réponse cardiorespiratoire de sportifs de loisir en position droite et en position aéro

Profile of physical activity in daily life in physically independent elderly men and women

This study compared the profile of daily activities and variables of functional fitness between elderly men and women, as well as the relation of their time spent walking per day with the remaining study variables concerning each gender. Thirty healthy elderly (15 men; 66 ± 6 years), sedentary and physically independent, had their daily activities evaluated objectively by a multi-axial accelerometer as well as their metabolic and functional fitness variables by means of specific protocols. Both men and women presented similar time spent in walking per day, even though men had higher intensity during walking. Women spent longer time standing, and men, sitting. A better performance was achieved by men in most physical tests in regard to absolute values but not in relative values. In conclusion, despite their different patterns of daily activities, elderly men and women do not differ in time spent walking per day.Este estudio comparó el perfil de la actividad de la vida diaria y variables de aptitud funcional entre hombres y mujeres mayores, así como la relación de su tiempo de caminata por día con las demás variables estudiadas en cada género. Treinta mayores saludables (15 hombres, 66±6 años), sedentarios y físicamente independientes, tuvieron sus actividades diarias evaluadas objetivamente por un acelerómetro multi-axial, así como variables de aptitud física y funcional evaluados por protocolos específicos. Todos presentaron tiempo gasto andando por día semejantes, a pesar de que los hombres se muevan con mayor intensidad. Las mujeres permanecieron más tiempo en pie y los hombres más tiempo sentados. Los hombres presentaron mejor desempeño en valores absolutos en la mayoría de los testes físicos, perono en valores relativos. Se concluyó que los hombres y las mujeres mayores no se difieren en tiempo de caminata por día.Este estudo comparou o perfil da atividade da vida diária e variáveis de aptidão funcional entre homens e mulheres idosos, bem como a relação de seu tempo de caminhada por dia com as demais variáveis estudadas em cada gênero. Trinta idosos saudáveis (15 homens, 66 ± 6 anos), sedentários e fisicamente independentes, tiveram suas atividades diárias avaliadas objetivamente por um acelerômetro multi-axial, bem como variáveis de aptidão física e funcional avaliadas por protocolos específicos. Homens e mulheres apresentaram tempo gasto andando por dia semelhantes, apesar dos homens se movimentarem com maior intensidade. As mulheres permaneceram mais tempo em pé e os homens mais tempo sentados. Os homens apresentaram melhor desempenho em valores absolutos na maioria dos testes físicos, mas não em valores relativos. Em conclusão, apesar de seus diferentes padrões de atividades diárias, os homens idosos e mulheres não diferem em tempo de caminhada por dia