Enriching Remote Control Applications with Fog Computing

Fog computing has emerged in the recent years as a paradigm tailored to serve geo-distributed applications requiring low latency. Remote Control (RC) applications allow a mobile device to control another device from remote. To enrich Quality of Experience (QoE) of RC applications, in this paper we investigate the use of fog computing as a viable platform to offload computation of tasks that would be expensive if performed locally on a mobile device. The proposed approach, supported with next 5G communication systems, will enable a Tactile Internet experience. In this paper we study and compare offload policies to accommodate tasks in the fog platform and analyze the requirements to minimize outages

Microchimerism and Renal Transplantation: Doubt Still Persists

Objective: We sought to study microchimerism in a group of kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: In this study, the peripheral blood microchimerism (PBM) after renal transplantation was retrospectively evaluated in 32 male-to-female recipients of living unrelated or cadaveric donor renal transplants. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification specific for SRY region of the Y chromosome, microchimerism was detected with a sensitivity of 1:1,000,000. Recipients were compared according to the presence of PBM, acute and chronic rejection episodes, type of allotransplant, recipient and donor age at transplantation, previous male labor or blood transfusion, allograft function (serum creatinine level), and body mass index. Results: Among 32 recipients, 7 (21.9) were positive for PBM upon multiple testing at various posttransplant times. All microchimeric recipients had received kidneys from living unrelated donors. No significant difference was observed with regard to other parameters. In addition the acute rejection rate in the microchimeric group was 3 (42) versus 4 (16) in the nonmicrochimeric recipients (not significant). Conclusion: Our results suggested better establishment of microchimerism after living donor kidney transplantation. However, doubt persists concerning the true effect of microchimerism after renal transplantation. It seems that microchimerism alone has no major protective role upon renal allograft survival. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The study of production Artemia enrichment liquid SELCO1 &SUPER2 SELCO with internal capacities

Artemia as a live food has multiple applications in aquaculture. Artemia contains few unsaturated 3-omega fatty acids particularly eicozapentanoeic acid (EPA) and has no 6-omega fatty acids particularly decozahexanoeic acid (DHA), so Artemia naplious is enriched to improve its food values. The most famous enrichment emulsion are selco and super-selco made by Euro-American INVE Company. This study was performed to make Artemia enrichment emulsions by internal potentials. At first, the final composition of Artemia enrichment emulsion (selco) was determined in Urmia university chemical analysis laboratory. Then, aquatic fishing resources in south of the country such as eye oil of tuna fish, shark liver, cuttlefish and plant oils of sunflower, olive and beef oil were used. Fatty acids profiles were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The results showed that cuttlefish may produce 13± 3 % wet weight of fatty acids. We made 3 enrichment oils which contained 60± 10 % of plant and animal oils. These suspensions fatty acids were analyzed and the results were compared with control sample. Field tests were performed on 200000 Artemia urmiana naplious by enriching the Artemia with enrichment emulsions and the products were analyzed by GC. The results indicated that the rate of emulsions absorbance in imported and internal samples were 37.47, 25.30, 18.88, 22.14 and 10.32 respectively. In the next stage, enriched Artemia naplious were fed as live food to 500 trout larvae in Ziveh Aquaculture Company as follows: Treatment 1- Control consisted of new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food Treatment 2- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus un-enriched naplious Treatment 3- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus selco oil enriched naplious Treatment 4- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-1 oil enriched naplious Treatment 5- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-2 oil enriched naplious Treatment 6- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-3 oil enriched naplious The results indicated that treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5, 6 from survival rate, growth coefficient, obesity coefficient, total length, food conversion coefficient, final weight and protein percent. Abnormalities rates in treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5 , 6 in which enriched emulsions were not used, but these indices had no significant difference with commercial samples which shows internal made emulsions can easily be used. The data were analyzed by one-way analyses variance and Duncan test in SPSS and EXCELL softwares. In conclusion, we can make enrichment selco oils in the country by internal potentials which the foreign samples can be replaced by them

The Comparison of the culture operation of Artemia franciscana and parthenogenetic species on the sidelines of Qom Salt Lake

Qom Province with an area of 11,238 km^2 , surrounds about 0.68%of the country area and almost situated in the center of the country and enjoys a hot and dry climate . Because of the unique flora and fauna of the region especially the salt pools - hoze- Sultan and salt lakes enjoys a certain ecosystem in the country. Research has done in different parts of Iran and Qom province regarding the Artemia culture in salt lands that showed a great potential in the country and Qom province. The aim of this study that was held in order of Qom fisheries institute and environmental protection organization of that province and scientific leadership of Iranian Artemia Research Center, was the culture of Qom native Artemia and Artemia franciscana ( foreign species ) across Qom salt lake and determining the prevalence of cultured species in this region for this purpose, site selection and climatic and topographic data collection was held at 5 regions of Qom province. This regions were included margins of salt lake, and hoze sultan, shams abad drainage, railway station, and freshwater culture farm at the north east of Qom salt lake. margins of salt lake, and hoze sultan, were suitable for Artemia investment due to suitable climate and vast area, but they had problems in terms of technical facilities and access to areas . Also, the rail way station and plantation industry had dehydration problems. Therefore, after reviewing the field of agricultural water taken along the 45 km of Kashan and Qom Salt Lake were selected for the project because of the salty ecosystem similar to the lake, presence of salt water drainages downstream of the farm , technical facilities and a large area , soil texture and easy access to the area . For this purpose, six pools with 50 square meters near the reservoir pool available were constructed and 70 g native Artemia cysts of Qom and 23/3 g cysts of Artemia franciscana were hatched in Zooks of 10 liters for each pool ea of 50 square meters under standard condition (salinity 35 ppt pH =8, light lux 2000 and temperature 28°C). By calculating the useful volume of water for culture (112 cubic meters) and Hatching efficiency for native Artemia of Qom (40,000) and Artemia franciscana (120,000), the number of 25 nauplii per liter equal to the 2.8 million nauplii were released to each pool with size 4 × 12 m and high slope with area of 50 meter in the floor and 273 meters in the surface . Non- biological and biological studies, including algae and water analysis and population assessments were performed regularly in pools every 2 weeks. the culture period were from July to mid- October, 2009 for a period of 3/5 months. The results of algal study revealed more abundance of Cholestrium, Navicula, Nitzshia algae during culture period (105 days), that Amphora, etraselmis, Cymbella, Senedesmus, Dscillatoria, Gomphonema genera were observed, too. The results of water parameters analysis revealed that they should preserve at salinity 40–50 ppt, pH 8, water hardness 7000- 9000 mg. the results of population assessment showed a larger amounts of female broods of Qom Artemia at days 15,30 and 90 of culture with average number of 120.3, 68.8 and 29.5 per liter, respectively, comparing to Artemia franciscana with average number of 28.8, 17.5 and 7.7 per liter that was significant (p<0.05). The results indicated the greater development and adaptation of native Artemia of Qom at the culture ecosystem of Qom (Kesht va Sanaat Ab Shirin farm at the northeast of Qom salt lake). Harvesting of Artemia biomass of native Qom with the amount of 30 kg/100m^2 showed the production of native Artemia is relatively economic and during culture period (105 days) the mean cyst production for native Qom Artemia and Artemia franciscana were 193 and 123.5 individuals/liter, respectively. It can be concluded that native Qom Artemia enjoys a greater adaptation in growth and development with the arid ecosystem of the region and can be used as a valuable biologic stock in culturing purposes and developing native Artemia strains of the country and investments in construction of Artemia culture pilots in salt areas situated at Qom salt lake

Molecular barcoding of the Aras reservoir alga Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing 1846 by ITS-2 gene

Today, due to population increase and anthropogenic activities together with sewage and agricultural waste water entrance, aquatic ecosystems have been exposed to high pollutions. Phytoplankton is a group of water floating algae that have crucial roles in providing nutrients and oxygen for other organisms, nitrogen and CO_2 fixation. These organisms are considered as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. They are found in various water habitats all over the world, affected by environmental variables such as pH, light and temperature and used for determination of water pollution degree and quality. Phytoplankton composition and density may be used as a complementary indicator of water trophy state. Phytoplankton communities indicate short and long term variations of aquatic systems. One of the most obvious problems in freshwater ecosystems is algal bloom or over growth of some blue- green algae which can decrease oxygen, and in some cases bring about toxin excretion and fish and human kills. In addition, many of bloom forming cyanobacteria produce secondary metabolites which can create sever poisoning in mammals including human. The genus Microcystis is a key bloom forming cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Populations of this genus form intense blooms in water bodies that has attracted more attentions in recent years. Various species of this alga have been distributed in stagnant and eutroph freshwater around the world. Microcystis has been defined by genetic criteria such as 16S rRNA molecular sequencing, but its classification in levels lower than genus is unclear and the presence of its classical morphospecies is doubtful. However, this genus creates sever blooms in eutrophic waters all over the world and many species produce toxins. Therefore, identification of its natural diversity in the levels lower than genus has high importance. However, several characteristics of Microcystis morphotypes which are classified a traditional species, actually are present and observed in different regions of the world. At present, they can be considered as morphospecies that belong to one genotype and have similar ecology. These traditional species with definite phenotypic and ecophysiological characteristics cannot be eliminated completely. Their identification is essential for ecological and ecotoxicological studies. Interistic transcribed separator (ITS) gene is a section of genome which is located between 16s rRNA and 23s genes. This gene has more heterogeneity than 16s rRNA; so it is used to identify many genera of cyanobacteria. The Aras reservoir located in the north-west of Iran plays important roles as fisheries, drinking and agricultural water supply and recreational activities in the region. The present thesis was undertaken to: analyze the Microcystis sp. populations by molecular methods such as ITS in Aras Reservoir. Samples for molecular analysis were collected from 10 sampling sites on 18 August 2013. Samples for molecular study of Microcystis were collected from two different depths (surface and 1 m depth) and transferred to laboratory without any treatments. Microscopic images of Microcystis were sent to professor Komárek and was confirmed

Effects of Artemia parthenogenetica culturing on socioeconomic development of the eastern marginal lands, Qom Salt Lake

Saltwater resources with Artemia (Brine shrimp) are the important ecosystems in Semi-arid Areas. That can play an important role in sustaining the economic and social system. Alternatively, will ensure that economic and social issues with of continuity and sustainability of these ecosystems resident. This study carried out "Effects of Artemia parthenogenetica culturing on socio-economic development of the eastern marginal lands, Qom Salt Lake" that was ordered by Qom province general directorate of fisheries during the 2012-2013. According to previous studies, despite the potential of human resources and Social conditions for the development of economic activities, factors such as the low groundwater and drying the salt lake , lack of fresh water in the region, environmental problems , successive droughts, prioritize and rationalize water use in agriculture, Artemia cyst harvest or Artemia culture has made virtually impossible with the current situation and has deprived the tools to make investments for the construction of earthen ponds and exploitation of native Artemia in the eastern margin of the Qom lake . Also, due to the occurrence of the Lake in the national park and privacy protection and Prohibited areas of environmental protection organization, it seems unlikely that this organization grant approval agreement required for any exploitation

A Survey of Air-to-Ground Propagation Channel Modeling for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly for small UAVs, due to their affordable prices, ease of availability, and ease of operability. Existing and future applications of UAVs include remote surveillance and monitoring, relief operations, package delivery, and communication backhaul infrastructure. Additionally, UAVs are envisioned as an important component of 5G wireless technology and beyond. The unique application scenarios for UAVs necessitate accurate air-to-ground (AG) propagation channel models for designing and evaluating UAV communication links for control/non-payload as well as payload data transmissions. These AG propagation models have not been investigated in detail when compared to terrestrial propagation models. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is provided on available AG channel measurement campaigns, large and small scale fading channel models, their limitations, and future research directions for UAV communication scenarios

Determination of permitable distance between coldwater culture farms with common water supply in pirdanan river of West Azarbaijan

Regarding the increase in world population and decrease in fish stock, there is an urgent need to aquaculture practices. Coldwater fish culture is aiming at production and providing a part of protein needs of the country and a way reaching to self- sufficiency and preserve the water resources. Recently, multi- purpose use of water resources potential and especially the rivers of west Azarbaijan, for example, construction of fish farms at upstream of permanent rivers in order to make optimum use of the resources and the increase in employment has been considered . The waste water of these pools is usually discharged into the rivers. Regarding to increased production per unit area due to water resources and cold water fish culture restrictions to use regional facilities and fish farm construction, it is nessacery to determine limits between 2 farms. In this study with the goal of evaluation of the impacts of trout farm effluents on water quality parameters of Pirdanan River, the factors of water current, temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD_5, NH_3, N-NO_2, N-NO_3, TP P-PO_4 according to standard methods were determined montly during 2014-2015 . Sampling sites were entrance, exit of Maroofi trout farm and the distances of 700, 1400, 2100 and 2800 m after the farm exit. Seasonal sampling of macro invertebrates from mentioned sites was conducted using stone leaching. The family and genus of macro invertebrates were identified using identification keys and abundance of macro invertebrate phylums for each site was determined. The results revealed that the values for water current, EC, TDS, TSS, N-NO_3 were significant. the values of water temperature, BOD5, TDS, TSS, N-NO^3- , N-NO^2-, NH_3, P-PO^4- , NH4+, N-NH3 were increased in site 2 compare to site 1 in all months and gradually in the river and its self- purification were decreased. In this study, 4 phylums, 4 classes, 7orders and 14 families of macroinvertbrates were identified from Pirdanan River. Ephemeroptera had the highest abundance in site 4; while Diptera had the highest abundance in site 2 (exit). Regarding that most of Diptera macro invertebrates were from Chironomidae, so it can be concluded that site 2 was the most pollutant site and sites 5 and 6 were more suitable condition. Therefore, considering the physic- chemical factors and macro inverteberates indices, 2100 m from entrance, (site 5) is recommended compliance with veterinary organization rules and other conditions of aquatic engineering, environmental and water operation standards

[(18)F] fluoromisonidazole and [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in response evaluation after chemo-/radiotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer: a feasibility study

BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that hypoxia in solid tumours reduces their sensitivity to conventional treatment modalities modulating response to ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of the present study was to show the feasibility of determining radiotherapeutically relevant hypoxia and early tumour response by ([(18)F] Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) and [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET. METHODS: Eight patients with non-small-cell lung cancer underwent PET scans. Tumour tissue oxygenation was measured with FMISO PET, whereas tumour glucose metabolism was measured with FDG PET. All PET studies were carried out with an ECAT EXACT 922/47(® )scanner with an axial field of view of 16.2 cm. FMISO PET consisted of one static scan of the relevant region, performed 180 min after intravenous administration of the tracer. The acquisition and reconstruction parameters were as follows: 30 min emission scanning and 4 min transmission scanning with 68-Ge/68-Ga rod sources. The patients were treated with chemotherapy, consisting of 2 cycles of gemcitabine (1200 mg/m(2)) and vinorelbine (30 mg/m(2)) followed by concurrent radio- (2.0 Gy/d; total dose 66.0 Gy) and chemotherapy with gemcitabine (300–500 mg/m(2)) every two weeks. FMISO PET and FDG PET were performed in all patients 3 days before and 14 days after finishing chemotherapy. RESULTS: FMISO PET allowed for the qualitative and quantitative definition of hypoxic sub-areas which may correspond to a localization of local recurrences. In addition, changes in FMISO and FDG PET measure the early response to therapy, and in this way, may predict freedom from disease, as well as overall survival. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results warrant validation in larger trials. If confirmed, several novel treatment strategies may be considered, including the early use of PET to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected therapy