Cross-Sender Bit-Mixing Coding

Scheduling to avoid packet collisions is a long-standing challenge in networking, and has become even trickier in wireless networks with multiple senders and multiple receivers. In fact, researchers have proved that even {\em perfect} scheduling can only achieve $\mathbf{R} = O(\frac{1}{\ln N})$. Here $N$ is the number of nodes in the network, and $\mathbf{R}$ is the {\em medium utilization rate}. Ideally, one would hope to achieve $\mathbf{R} = \Theta(1)$, while avoiding all the complexities in scheduling. To this end, this paper proposes {\em cross-sender bit-mixing coding} ({\em BMC}), which does not rely on scheduling. Instead, users transmit simultaneously on suitably-chosen slots, and the amount of overlap in different user's slots is controlled via coding. We prove that in all possible network topologies, using BMC enables us to achieve $\mathbf{R}=\Theta(1)$. We also prove that the space and time complexities of BMC encoding/decoding are all low-order polynomials.Comment: Published in the International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), 201

Analisis Simulasi Perubahan Konsentrasi Klorin dalam Pipa Distribusi Penyediaan Air Minum Pdam Demak Zona 3

As drinking water quality monitoring as required by the Regulation of the Minister of Health and give an idea or information about the quality of drinking water distributed in pipes can be approached by analyzing the water age and changes in the concentration of chlorine in drinking water distribution pipes. The approach is based on research done by simulation or modeling water quality in drinking water supply pipes with the help of software modeling water quality and direct observations in the field. With limited time and costs, from four existing zones in Demak PDAMs, research is only done at one zone, it was a drinking water distribution piping network in Zone 3 which has the longest pipeline compared to other zones. Water age does not affect the water turbidity levels in the water distribution pipes, but rather influenced by hydraulics flow and turbidity own constituent factors. Likewise, the level of turbidity does not affect the concentration of chlorine in drinking water distribution pipes. While the concentration of chlorine in drinking water distribution pipes is influenced by the water age and the distance of water from the reservoiras well asthe value ofthe bulk reaction rate forthe decay ofthe concentration of chlorinein thewater(k). The value of kinthiscase studyis-9.716mg/l/day which is adecayequationlinearizedline gradientof water formedarelationshipgraph of time (water age) to the concentration ofchlorine in that time

Influence of Linker Length and Composition on Enzymatic Activity and Ribosomal Binding of Neomycin Dimers

The human and bacterial A site rRNA binding as well as the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) activity against a series of neomycin B (NEO) dimers is presented. The data indicate that by simple modifications of linker length and composition, substantial differences in rRNA selectivity and AME activity can be obtained. We tested five different AMEs with dimeric NEO dimers that were tethered via triazole, urea, and thiourea linkages. We show that triazole-linked dimers were the worst substrates for most AMEs, with those containing the longer linkers showing the largest decrease in activity. Thiourea-linked dimers that showed a decrease in activity by AMEs also showed increased bacterial A site binding, with one compound (compound 14) even showing substantially reduced human A site binding. The urea-linked dimers showed a substantial decrease in activity by AMEs when a conformationally restrictive phenyl linker was introduced. The information learned herein advances our understanding of the importance of the linker length and composition for the generation of dimeric aminoglycoside antibiotics capable of avoiding the action of AMEs and selective binding to the bacterial rRNA over binding to the human rRNA

Online) An Open Access

ABSTRACT Blood transfusion service (BTS) is an integral and indispensable part of the healthcare system. TTI is still a major concern to all stakeholders i.e. patients, physicians and policy makers to have a risk-free blood supply. Analysis of seroprevalence and trends of infectious markers of HIV, HBV and HCV among voluntary and replacement donors population at a tertiary care centre was done to assess the safe blood supply. A data-based study covering 7 years period (2007 -2013) . Total prevalence for HIV, HBV and HCV was 2.11 % with predominance of male donors (98.17%) and only 1.83 % female donors. Amongst all sero-reactive donors, proportion of voluntary donors was significantly low (0.3%) as compared to replacement donors (99.7%). All the voluntary donors were males and sero-reactive for HBV. The overall prevalence for HIV, HBV and HCV were 0.29%, 1.30% and 0.52% respectively. HIV seropositivity showed decreasing trends from 0.41% to 0.22%. Prevalence of HBV rose significantly in initial years from 0.90% to 3% in 2009 but 2010 onwards, it showed decreasing trend from 1.11% (2010) to 0.71%(2013).Seropositivity for HCV increased significantly from 0.34% to 0.59% in 2008 but afterwards, HCV remained almost constant to 0.57% .High number of replacement donors reflects lack of awareness in general population, misconception and fears for blood donation and lack of health education. There is need to have multidimensional strategies to improve health sector especially fragmented BTS with awareness and emphasis on voluntary donations, adequate infrastructure and trained manpower, strict donor selection criteria and inclusion of improved technologies like NAT for detecting infectious markers to ensure safer blood supply

The Sensitivity of Large-Eddy Simulation to Local and Nonlocal Drag Coefficients at the Lower Boundary

It was found that the homogeneity of the surface drag coefficient plays an important role in the large scale structure of turbulence in large-eddy simulation of the convective atmospheric boundary layer. Particularly when a ground surface temperature was specified, large horizontal anisotropies occurred when the drag coefficient depended upon local velocities and heat fluxes. This was due to the formation of streamwise roll structures in the boundary layer. In reality, these structures have been found to form when shear is approximately balanced by buoyancy. The present cases, however, were highly convective. The formation was caused by particularly low values of the drag coefficient at the entrance to thermal plume structures

Effect of genotype × alcoholism interaction on linkage analysis of an alcoholism-related quantitative phenotype

Studies have shown that genetic and environmental factors and their interactions affect several alcoholism phenotypes. Genotype × alcoholism (G×A) interaction refers to the environmental (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) influences on the autosomal genes contributing to variation in an alcoholism-related quantitative phenotype. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of G×A interaction on the detection of linkage for alcoholism-related phenotypes. We used phenotypic and genotypic data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism relating to 1,388 subjects as part of Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 problem 1. We analyzed the MXDRNK phenotype to detect G×A interaction using SOLAR. Upon detecting significant interaction, we conducted variance-component linkage analyses using microsatellite marker data. For maximum number of drinks per a 24 hour period, the highest LODs were observed on chromosomes 1, 4, and 13 without G×A interaction. Interaction analysis yielded four regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 13, and 15. On chromosome 4, a maximum LOD of 1.5 at the same location as the initial analysis was obtained after incorporating G×A interaction effects. However, after correcting for extra parameters, the LOD score was reduced to a corrected LOD of 1.1, which is similar to the LOD observed in the non-interaction analysis. Thus, we see little differences in LOD scores, while some linkage regions showed large differences in the magnitudes of estimated quantitative trait loci heritabilities between the alcoholic and non-alcoholic groups. These potential hints of differences in genetic effect may influence future analyses of variants under these linkage peaks

Radiometric Screening of Red Phosphorus Smoke for its Obscuration Characteristics

Red phosphorus and potassium nitrate-based compositions exhibit favorable smoke screenformation with high obscuration characteristics at low oxidiser content. The rapid vaporisationof excess red phosphorus at higher flame temperature leads to quick aerodispersion. Theobscuration characteristics are due to formation of P2O5 and subsequent reaction with moisture/humidity in the atmosphere. Obscuration increases with increasing humidity. Extinction coefficient,the shadow cast per unit mass of the composition, is higher in visible and comparatively lowerin far infrared